Shaanxi In China Research Articles

Clematis chengguensis and C. retusifolia (Ranunculaceae), both described from Shaanxi of China, are merged with C. armandi, a widely distributed species in the country

Based on critical observations of both herbarium specimens (including type material when available) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Clematis chengguensis and C. retusifolia (Ranunculaceae), both described from Shaanxi, China, are not essentially different from C. armandi in any characters, a species widely distributed in the country and morphologically highly variable. We therefore place both of them in synonymy with C. armandi herein. We also determine that the previous records of the occurrence of C. finetiana in Shaanxi have resulted from misidentifications of specimens of C. armandi. In addition, we reveal that C. armandi var. kiangnanensis, which has been previously reduced to the synonymy of C. armandi, may actually belong to C. finetiana.

The impact of population change on social-ecological systems’ vulnerability: A case of the Qinling-Daba Mountains of Southern Shaanxi in China

Human activities have exacerbated the contradiction between ecosystem functionality and social-economic growth. Understanding and managing social-ecological systems' changes under the dual drivers of intensive human activities and rapid global environmental changes are crucial for achieving coordinated and sustainable development. While the vulnerability framework provides a new perspective for human-environment relationship studies, limited research has focused on the impact mechanisms of population change on social-ecological systems' vulnerability (SESV). Therefore, this study selects the Qinling-Daba Mountains of Southern Shaanxi in China (QMSSC), one of the areas with the most prominent human-environment contradictions in China, as a case study. Using the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD) assessment framework and the Spatially Explicit Resilience-Vulnerability (SERV) model, we divide SESV into three dimensions: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. We select indicators, calculate weights, and quantitatively assess the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics, evolution trends, and spatial correlation features of SESV in the QMSSC from 2000 to 2020. Furthermore, we reveal the impact mechanisms of population change on SESV. The results indicate that the impact of population outflow on SESV depends on the spatiotemporal distribution of SESV. Gender ratio's impact on SESV is closely linked to land use and economic development. The proportion of elderly population affects SESV through adaptive capacity. In other words, population change often indirectly drives SESV by affecting different dimensions or elements of SESV. This necessitates policymakers to deploy population strategies across dimensions and elements. This study aims to provide reference for population development policies and spatial governance directions in globally underdeveloped mountainous regions through a typical case analysis of China's mountainous areas.

Farmers' cooperation preference for solar composting chamber —— From farmers’ multi-dimensional heterogeneity perspective

Solar composting chamber is an important way for disposing rural domestic waste locally, which requires the participation of farmers. However, few studies have explored farmers' cooperation preference for solar composting chamber, even without considering farmers' heterogeneity. Therefore, this paper divides the farmers into three types: economic, social, and cognitive dominant. The Choice Experiment method is used to investigate all types of farmers' cooperation preference and willingness to accept subsides for the solar composting chamber, using the survey data of China's Shaanxi province. The findings show that social-dominant farmers favor supply models that incorporate government subsidies, more participating farmers, and technical support, while economic-dominant farmers prefer models that include closer construction distances in addition to those. In contrast, cognitive-dominant farmers prefer models with more withdrawal flexibility in addition to the aforementioned factors. Furthermore, economic-dominant farmers have the lowest value of willingness to accept subsidies, i.e., 10,923 dollars, while cognitive-dominant farmers have the highest, i.e., 22,197 dollars. According to the results, policy implications are suggested, including incentivizing farmers' participation by enhancing government subsidies and technical support, and developing diverse cooperation models.

Farmers to urban citizens? Understanding resettled households' adaptation to urban life in Shaanxi, China

Rural to urban resettlement is a widely used poverty alleviation strategy in China's Shaanxi Province, with roughly 250,000 poor households being resettled between 2016 and 2020. This is a huge development intervention designed and implemented by the Chinese state that aims to fundamentally transform people's livelihoods, yet few studies have examined how rural people involved in these resettlements have adapted to their new urban life. This article aims to analyze this adaptation process. Based on a survey of 1285 poverty alleviation resettlement (PAR) households in Shaanxi, we examine the socioeconomic and identity transformations brought about by urbanizing poverty resettlements, paying particular attention to resettled households' heterogeneous experiences of adaptation. Our analysis complicates the picture of a managed, smooth transition from farmers to urban citizens, raising issues of identity, economic insecurity, employment opportunities, and rural land as security. Economically, in the face of increased expenditure and few savings, most households have mixed income sources, and most still retain ties to agricultural land. Different trajectories are evident among households, with uneven access to nearby off-farm employment. Socially, strong social relations are evident, but there is weak engagement in more formal community institutions. And in terms of identity, only a small proportion of households self- identified as “urban”. Our findings highlight how, in the face of rapid change, PAR households strategically float between the rural and the urban.

Forecasting CO2 emissions using a novel fractional discrete grey Bernoulli model: A case of Shaanxi in China

To accurately predict CO2 emissions, this paper proposes a novel fractional accumulation method and constructs a novel fractional discrete grey Bernoulli model DGFGBM (1,1,tα). The manta ray foraging optimization (MRFO) algorithm is used to find the parameters of the new model, and the carbon emission data of Shaanxi Province in China and three of its cities are applied to verify the effectiveness of the new model. The CO2 emissions of the four regions from 2020 to 2024 are predicted, and the following conclusions can be drawn. The new fractional accumulation method is effective and reasonable and can make full use of new information and improve the prediction accuracy of the model. Compared with three other optimization algorithms, MRFO has more advantages in finding the optimal parameters of the model. Compared with other grey models and the ARIMA model, the DGFGBM (1,1,tα) model has better prediction performance. The prediction results show that from 2020 to 2024, the CO2 emissions of Shaanxi Province are expected to increase by 94.6278 million tons, an increase of 31.8%, and the CO2 emissions of Xi'an, Xianyang and Baoji are expected to increase by 22.4901 million tons, 16.3129 million tons and 7.3271 million tons, respectively, with growth rates of 45.81%, 46.51% and 34.07%, respectively.

Notes on the genus Pseudovelia Hoberlandt, 1950 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae) with description of four new species from the East and Southeast Asian mainland

Four species of the genus Pseudovelia Hoberlandt, 1950 from the East and Southeast Asian mainland are described as new: Pseudovelia curvisetae sp. nov. from Yunnan of China, P. shaanxiensis sp. nov. from Shaanxi of China, P. zhengi sp. nov. from Anhui of China and P. plauta sp. nov. from Malaysia. In addition, P. buccula Andersen, 1983 and P. takarai Miyamoto, 1964 are newly recorded from China. Photographs of the male and female dorsal habitus, male fore, middle, and hind legs, and male genitalic structures are provided, accompanied by line drawings of male genitalic structures and a distribution map.

Detection of biodiversity local centers and gradients of change of Dolichopodidae (Diptera) in East Asia

The dolichopodid fauna of continental Chinese and Russian regions belonging to the East Palaearctic have been selected for a comparative diversity investigation. We gathered information about 654 species of long-legged flies in the studied areas. Regarding the total species number, Primorsky Kray and Republic of Sakha in Russia, Henan and Shaanxi in China, as well as Mongolia are the top five regions, each with more than 100 species known. Cluster analysis of the dolichopodid genera composition allows us to divide all studied territories into two groups: Group A is mixed, since it includes both the Russian regions and the Chinese provinces; Group B includes only Russian regions. Generally, the mathematical analysis of the dolichopodid species supports the uniqueness of Primorsky Kray as the biodiversity center in East Asian Palaearctic. A decrease in the number of known species and biodiversity indices is observed northward, southward and westward of Primorsky Kray. One more possible center is located closely to the Oriental provinces of China (Henan and Shaanxi provinces).

Can the human development level in middle-income regions meet the challenges of natural capital change from the perspective of decoupling? Evidence from Shaanxi Province.

Human activities in middle-income regions (MIRs) accelerate the appropriation of natural capital (NC) through production and living activities. The environmental changes caused by these activities in turn have an impact on human development and challenge the human adaptability of MIRs. Therefore, it is very important to realize the decoupling of NC and human development. This study takes China's Shaanxi Province as a case and establishes a research framework that decouples the human development index (HDI) from the perspective of NC stock and flow. Shaanxi is evaluated based on an analysis of the changing HDI and measuring changes in NC indicators from 2005 to 2018. The state of decoupling between the HDI and NC utilization levels is also discussed. The results show that the average annual growth of the HDI and per capita ecological footprint is 1.54% and 3.22%, respectively. The rate of consumption of the NC stock is greater than the rate of NC flow consumption. The HDI and the three-dimensional ecological footprint have not achieved real decoupling, and the changes in the two are the same as those in the left half of the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve. However, the inflection point has not been reached. This shows that the NC and HDI in Shaanxi have not achieved decoupling, and rapid NC changes hinder the ability to improve human well-being. This discovery helps MIRs focus on the role of restoration ecosystems in supporting regional human development and respond to the challenge of insufficient human adaptability due to excessive consumption of NC.

Water footprints of irrigated crop production and meteorological driving factors at multiple temporal scales

The water footprint (WF) of crop production indicates the water consumption for crop growth in a specific area over a certain time, enabling comprehensive water use efficiency assessments to be achieved for different types of water in an irrigation district. Daily and monthly blue (irrigation water) and green (rainfall) water resources are unevenly distributed in monsoon climate areas. However, the intra-annual evolution of the WF of crop production for a monsoon irrigation district is lacking. In the current study, maize and wheat production in the Baojixia Irrigation District (BID) of Shaanxi in China selected as the case study for the period 2008–2017, where the WF of crop production was analyzed based on a regional distributed hydrological model and the associated meteorological driving factors on daily, monthly, and yearly scales were identified. Results reveal that the method of WF of crop production established in the study can be applied to hydrological simulation of irrigated areas without drainage system. The blue WFs of maize and wheat production accounted for 34% and 36% of the irrigation water supplies, respectively. On a yearly scale, precipitation had the greatest impact on the green and blue WFs of maize, while sunshine hours and temperature had the greatest impact on those of wheat, respectively. On daily and monthly scales, different meteorological factors played key roles in the WF of crop production in different typical years. The time scale effect existed in the impact of meteorological driving factors on the WF of crop production, reaching its maximum on a monthly scale. Both water shortages and water waste coexist in BID. The irrigated area should rationally allocate blue water and effectively utilize green water resource to improve crop yield. Meanwhile, the time scale effect in the WF assessment of crop production and driving factors cannot be neglected. The irrigation strategy should be adjusted to cope with the impact of meteorological conditions according to the results and actual situation.

Species Diversity in the Leafhopper Genus Batracomorphus Lewis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) from Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi.

Simple SummaryQinling Mountain is one of the global biodiversity hotspots, dividing northern temperate zones from subtropical zones. However, no species of Batracomorphus was previously recorded from Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi. We collected some specimens of Batracomorphus from this site and classified these into nine species based on a comparative morphological study, including one new species and one new synonym. The results of this study revealed species diversity and distributions of Batracomorphus.The genus Batracomorphus Lewis is the third largest leafhopper genus in the world, with its greatest diversity in the Oriental region. Here, nine species of Batracomorphus, including one new species, are recorded from Shaanxi Province, China, for the first time: B. allionii (Turton), B. clavatus Cai and Shen, B. fletcheri Hu and Dai sp. nov., B. geminatus (Li and Wang), B. juno Knight, B. lateprocessus Li and Wang, B. lunatus Cai and He, B. subfuscus (Li and Wang) and B. pandarus Knight. Among them, B. juno Knight is recorded from China for the first time. One new synonym is revealed: B. nigromarginattus Cai and Shen, 1999 is a junior synonym of B. subfuscus (Li and Wang, 1993). All taxa are described, and photographs of male genitalia are given based on observations of specimens from Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi of China. A key to the species found in Qinling Mountain of Shaanxi is also provided.

The Influence of Regional Freeze–Thaw Cycles on Loess Landslides: Analysis of Strength Deterioration of Loess with Changes in Pore Structure

The loess landslide in Gaoling District of Xi’an, Shaanxi in China is closely related to the seasonal freeze–thaw cycle, which is manifested by the destruction of pore structure and strength deterioration of the loess body under freeze–thaw conditions. In order to study the relationship between macro-strength damage and pore structure deterioration of saturated loess under freeze–thaw conditions and its influence on the stability of landslides, this paper explores the effect of freeze–thaw cycles on the strength of saturated undisturbed loess through triaxial compression test, and explores the micro-microstructure changes of saturated undisturbed loess through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). This is to analyze the evolution of the pore structure and strength loss evolution of saturated loess during the freeze–thaw process, and to describe the freeze–thaw damage of saturated undisturbed loess through the change of porosity and strength deterioration. Then, the internal correlation expression between the porosity change and the strength degradation is established to realize the verification analysis of the test data based on the correlation model. The research results show that: (1) As the number of freeze–thaw cycles increases, the peak strength loss rate gradually increases, and the strength deterioration of saturated loess becomes more and more obvious. (2) The freeze–thaw cycle will lead to the development of pores and cracks in the sample, accompanied by the generation of new cracks, which will cause the deterioration of the pore structure of the sample as a whole. (3) The response of strength damage and porosity deterioration of saturated undisturbed loess is roughly similar under the freeze–thaw cycle. The change in porosity can be measured to better reflect the strength deterioration of saturated loess. Therefore, the change of pore structure of undisturbed loess under freeze–thaw cycle conditions is tested by field sampling and indoor tests to reflect the phenomenon of strength deterioration, thereby analyzing the stability of loess slopes.

The Where of Mineral Names: Hotsonite, Hotson 6 Mine, Koenabib Farm (Hotson 42 Farm), Khâi-Ma, Namakwa, Northern Cape, South Africa

HOTSONITE, Al11(SO4)3(PO4)2(OH)21·16H2O (fig. 1), is a rare aluminum‐sulfate‐phosphate currently known from only three countries: South Africa (Beukes et al. 1984b), Hubei and Shaanxi in China (Zhe...

Monitoring cropland abandonment with Landsat time series

Cropland abandonment is a widespread land-use change, but it is difficult to monitor with remote sensing because it is often spatially dispersed, easily confused with spectrally similar land-use classes such as grasslands and fallow fields, and because post-agricultural succession can take different forms in different biomes. Due to these difficulties, prior assessments of cropland abandonment have largely been limited in resolution, extent, or both. However, cropland abandonment has wide-reaching consequences for the environment, food production, and rural livelihoods, which is why new approaches to monitor long-term cropland abandonment in different biomes accurately are needed. Our goals were to 1) develop a new approach to map the extent and the timing of abandoned cropland using the entire Landsat time series, and 2) test this approach in 14 study regions across the globe that capture a wide range of environmental conditions as well as the three major causes of abandonment, i.e., social, economic, and environmental factors. Our approach was based on annual maps of active cropland and non-cropland areas using Landsat summary metrics for each year from 1987 to 2017. We streamlined per-pixel classifications by generating multi-year training data that can be used for annual classification. Based on the annual classifications, we analyzed land-use trajectories of each pixel in order to distinguish abandoned cropland, stable cropland, non-cropland, and fallow fields. In most study regions, our new approach separated abandoned cropland accurately from stable cropland and other classes. The classification accuracy for abandonment was highest in regions with industrialized agriculture (area-adjusted F1 score for Mato Grosso in Brazil: 0.8; Volgograd in Russia: 0.6), and drylands (e.g., Shaanxi in China, Nebraska in the U.S.: 0.5) where fields were large or spectrally distinct from non-cropland. Abandonment of subsistence agriculture with small field sizes (e.g., Nepal: 0.1) or highly variable climate (e.g., Sardinia in Italy: 0.2) was not accurately mapped. Cropland abandonment occurred in all study regions but was especially prominent in developing countries and formerly socialist states. In summary, we present here an approach for monitoring cropland abandonment with Landsat imagery, which can be applied across diverse biomes and may thereby improve the understanding of the drivers and consequences of this important land-use change process.

A new grading system for evaluating China's cultivated land quality

AbstractCultivated land is crucial to food security, social and economic stability, environmental quality, and sustainable urban–rural development in China and around the world. However, most of the current grading systems for evaluating cultivated land quality in China tend to generate homogeneous results and inadequate spatial descriptions mainly due to the use of a composite index method that often fails to recognize the matching relationship between land use needs and the quality of cultivated land. The purpose of this study is to propose a new grading system for evaluating China's cultivated land quality that involves two index systems and a scoring and grading scheme. In the proposed system, cultivated land quality is redefined in terms of production capacity quality and environmental quality, and the minimum limiting factor method and the weighted linear model are coupled for factor scoring and grading. The new system is demonstrated by a case‐study in Yimen Town, a loess plateau region in western China's Shaanxi Province. The results of this study clearly indicate that the new grading system is superior to the current system when compared using two methods: the spatial pattern comparison method and the crop performance validation method. The results are also favorable in terms of matching relationships between the subclasses of cultivated land quality versus soil types and landforms. The new grading system not only helps to better understand the cultivated land quality but also provides a clear direction for science‐based remediation and amelioration of cultivated land.

A Multicenter Case-control Study of Risk Factors for Premature Ejaculation in China's Shaanxi Province

A Multicenter Case-control Study of Risk Factors for Premature Ejaculation in China's Shaanxi Province

Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness and the Usage of Computerized Accounting Systems: A Performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in China

Computerized Accounting Systems (CAS) has been used as a tool to help the accountants and the business owner to record daily business transactions and produce accounting reports in no time. The adoption of CAS among the users, however, varies especially in term of the factors that influence the usage and the level of the adoption. This paper aims, among other factors, to investigate the relationship between the model of technology acceptance (TAM) and the use of CAS. The main purpose is to examine the connection between the two variables of TAM, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, and use of CAS among accountants in micro and small enterprises (MSEs). The scope of this study is businesses in Xi’an, Shaan Xi of China. An online survey has been used to obtain feedback from 400 respondents. However, only 201 responseshave been returned and available for further analysis. This study discovers a beneficial connection between perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and CAS use. This study could guide the accountants and business owners as well as the research communities to understand the correlation of technology acceptance and the use of CAS.

Simple but Highly-Efficient Polysulfide Trapping Strategy for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery, as an attractive alternative to the state-of-the-art Li-ion battery by the merits of high energy density and abundant material sources, is expected to meet the urgent demand of next-generation electric vehicles. However, several challenges severely hinder its application process, including low conductivity of elemental sulfur and lithium sulfide, large volume expansion upon discharge, and unfavorable redox shuttle due to the soluble polysulfides (PSs). In order to increase sulfur utilization and cycle stability of the Li-S batteries, a variety of strategies on modifying sulfur cathode have been attempted, e.g. development of sulfur-carbon composite, introduction of extra surface coating and novel electrode component, etc. It is worthy to note that many studies involving PS’ trapping material/structure always brought about significant improvement of cell performance. This is because that the active species loss and shuttle side effect were reduced. Recently our research group has reported the good chemical affinity of polyacrylamide (PAM) to PSs, coming from the strong binding of the amide group in the PAM with Li-S• species. Therefore, the polymer was successfully used in the surface coating on either sulfur cathode or porous separator [1, 2]. Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), another water-soluble polymer, also can act as a favorable PS blocking layer because the COOH groups in the long chain can form strong hydrogen bonds with the PS anions [3]. This research demonstrates a simple but highly-efficient PS trapping strategy that employs PAA and PAM as a functional binder and additive for sulfur cathode, respectively. The synergistic action of these two distinctive agents contributes to higher reversible capacity and longer cycle life of Li-S batteries compared to conventional electrode. The mechanism of trapping PSs in the artificially-designed cathode framework was discussed, and the enhancement of hydrophilic nature of the cathode to the liquid electrolyte was also considered. It needs to be emphasized that the novel cathode can be easily fabricated on a large-scale without any additional procedures. Fig. 1 Comparison of cycle performance of PAM/PAA-contained cathode and conventional sulfur cathode Reference: [1] T. Li, Y. Yuan, B. Hong, et al, Electrochim. Acta, 2017, 244, 192-198 [2] H. Lu, J. Wang, T. Li, et al, J Solid State Electrochem., 2018, 22, 953-958 [3] S. Zhang, D. Tran, Z Zhang, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 18288-18292 Acknowledgment: This work was financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51704222, 51604221 and 51574191), Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (No.2016JQ5040), and Special Scientific Research Program of Education Department of Shaanxi in China (No.17JK0427). Figure 1

Distribution margins as natural laboratories to infer species’ flowering responses to climate warming and implications for frost risk

The timing of flowering phenology in most temperate trees results from the interplay of winter chilling and spring heat. As global warming progresses, reduced chilling may gain increasing importance in regulating flowering dates, and eventually offset flowering advances in response to warmer springs. Later onset of flowering events may arise, with negative effects on plant fitness. However, delayed flowering in trees may also reduce the risk from late frosts. Different temperature conditions at both margins of the apple growing areas of Shaanxi in China provide a natural laboratory to examine the responses of trees’ flowering phenology and late frost risk to climate warming. We identified the chilling and heat accumulation periods for apples by Partial Least Squares regression of first flowering dates against daily chilling and heat accumulation rates during 2001–2016. We then analyzed the impacts of temperatures during these periods on flowering timing, and evaluated the frost risk for each site. Results indicated increasing importance of chilling temperatures from north to south, with greatest effects determined for the warmest site, where delayed blossom has been observed during the past 16 years. Since late frosts mostly occurred before tree flowering, only minor frost damage was detected for our study areas, with future delays in flowering likely to reduce the frost risk even further. The redistribution of apple trees to nearby locations with cold winters, either northward or uphill, could be a promising strategy to reduce the risk of insufficient chilling and ensure that production remains viable in a warming future.

Establishment of High Precision Terrain Model of Eroded Gully with UAV Oblique Aerial Photos

Taking the example of aerial modeling of erosion gullies in Shenmu county of northern Shaanxi in China, with oblique aerial photos acquired by a COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) (DJI INSPIRE-1) and 30 high-precision pre-deployed ground control points (GCPs) measured by FIFO A30 RTK (real-time kinematic). Establish the high-resolution measured 3D terrain model with the aid of high-precision ground control points, the efficiency of airphoto and modeling is relatively high, it indicates that eroded gully modeling and monitoring relying on UAV has good application prospect.

Coupling effects of irrigation and nitrogen levels on yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency of surge-root irrigated jujube in a semiarid region

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is one of the most optimal fruit trees for economy and ecology in many semiarid regions. However, with water as a scarce resource, the strategy for irrigation and applied nitrogen (Napp) management need to be identified. The goal of this project was to determine the effects of irrigation and Napp on jujube yield, water use efficiency (WUE) and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (ANUE), and the optimal level of soil water content (SWC) and Napp for jujube under surge-root irrigation (SRI) in a semiarid region. Experiments were conducted during the jujube growing seasons (May–October) of 2014 and 2015 in northern Shaanxi in China that included three levels of SWC, i.e. 60–85%θ (I1) (mass water content, simplified as %θ), 50–75%θ (I2), 40–65%θ (I3), and four levels of Napp, i.e. 0.75 (N1), 0.50 (N2), 0.25 (N3) and 0.00 kg N plant−1 (N4). The treatments were arranged in a strip-plot design with complete randomized blocks with three replications. For both years, irrigation and Napp had significant (P < 0.05) effects on yield, WUE and ANUE, while the interaction effect of irrigation and Napp on WUE and ANUE was significant (P < 0.05), and significant on yield in 2014 but not in 2015. In both years, maximum yield (10.16 and 9.81 kg plant−1, respectively) occurred in 60–85%θ and 0.50 kg N plant−1, maximum WUE were 3.75, 4.43kg m−3 when SWC level and Napp were 40–65%θ and 0.50 kg N plant−1, while maximum ANUE were 2.21, 2.88 kg kg−1 when SWC level and Napp rate were 50–75%θ and 0.25 kg N plant−1, respectively. The dualistic and quadric regression equations of irrigation amount and rate of Napp indicate that the yield, WUE and ANUE of jujube cannot reach the maximum at the same time. Irrigation−Napp input optimization model shows that three combinations of likelihood functions can all be used for the comprehensive management of SRI for jujube. Considering the coupling effects of irrigation and Napp on yield, WUE and ANUE in 2014 and 2015, the SWC level shall be controlled in 50–75%θ and the Napp rate is 0.42 kg N plant−1, which can be as the suitable strategy of irrigation and Napp management for the maximum comprehensive benefits of yield, WUE and ANUE for jujube under SRI in a semiarid region.