SHA-1 Algorithm Research Articles

An Image Encryption Algorithm Based on a New Hybrid Power Exponent Chaotic System

Aiming at the problem of a small parameter value range when a one-dimensional chaotic system presents a chaotic state, this paper proposes a new type of hybrid power exponential chaotic system (HPECS). HPECS combines the classic one-dimensional Sine chaotic system to form a new chaotic system (HPECS-SS). Experiments show that the obtained new chaotic system has better chaotic performance, a more extensive parameter value range, and higher sensitivity. Simultaneously, on the basis of HPECS-SS, a new image encryption algorithm is proposed. The algorithm uses the key generated by the SHA-512 algorithm and HPECS-SS to iteratively output the chaotic sequence, SFY algorithm combines the chaotic sequence to perform two rounds of scrambling on the plaintext sequence to obtain the scrambling sequence, and finally, through the modulus operation to diffuse the scrambling sequence to form the encryption matrix of the plaintext image, simulation experiment analysis shows that the algorithm has a large key space, good encryption effect, and security; the pixel change rate (NPCR) and the normalized average change intensity (UACI) are close to ideal values which can resist various cryptanalysis and attacks.

Random Number Generator Based on Discrete Cosine Transform Based Lossy Picture Compression

The The widespread use of digital data makes the security of this data important. Various cryptographic systems are used to ensure the security of this data. The most important part of these systems is random numbers. In this article, a random number generator based on the discrete cosine transform, which is the basis of image compression algorithms, is proposed. In this generator, the difference between the original image and the compressed image produced using the discrete cosine transform is used. The original picture is transferred to the frequency plane using the discrete cosine transform. It is then converted back to the space plane using the inverse discrete cosine transform. These transformations cause some losses as certain coefficients are taken into account. Raw random numbers were generated using the differences between the original image and the compressed image. Then, the possible weaknesses in the random numbers generated by passing these raw data through the hash function were fixed. The SHA-512 algorithm was used as the hash function. An important advantage of the developed system is that it can be easily produced using any digital data source. It has been shown by the analysis that the generated random numbers are safe.

Chronological Sailfish Optimizer for Preserving Privacy in Cloud Based on Khatri-Rao Product

Abstract The innovative trends of cloud computing acquired the interest of several individuals or enterprises that started outsourcing data to the cloud servers. Recently, numerous techniques are introduced for facilitating privacy protection on untrusted cloud platforms. However, the classical privacy-preserving techniques failed to prevent leakage and incur huge information loss. This paper introduces the efficient technique, named the chronological sailfish optimizer (CSFO) algorithm for privacy preservation in cloud computing. The proposed CSFO is devised by integrating the chronological concept in SailFish optimizer. The input data are fed to a privacy-preservation process wherein hamming weight-based RSA and Khatri-Rao products are utilized for data privacy. Here, the hamming weighted-based RSA is determined by combining the sha256 algorithm with the hamming weight with Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (HRSA) system. Hence, an optimization-driven algorithm is utilized to evaluate optimal matrix generation to handle both the utility and the sensitive information. Here, the fitness function is newly devised considering, realism, privacy and fitness. The experimentation is performed using four datasets, like Pathway Interaction Database, Hungarian, Cleveland and Switzerland. The proposed CSFO provided superior performance with maximal privacy of 0.2173, maximal realism 0.9456 and maximal fitness of 0.5416.

The design of keyed hash function based on CNN-MD structure

In this paper, we propose a new chaotic neural network called the Merkle–Damgaard (CNN-MD) iterative structure, which we designed from the perspective of resisting attacks, such as length extension, second original image, Joux multiple collision, and intermediate encounter attacks. A new chaotic hash function based on the CNN-MD is presented. First, CNN is used as the compression function of CNN-MD, which ensures both the unidirectionality of data compression and the sensitivity of the hash value. Furthermore, the multi-input single-output construction of the CNN can achieve highly efficient data compression. In addition, in the process of group encryption of data, we use the value padding of coupled lattice mapping to improve the alignment of the plaintext of the MD algorithm. This new alignment can enhance the hash function’s collision resistance and the CNN-MD sensitivity. Experimental and theoretical analyses show that our proposed hashing algorithm can resist attacks, such as second original image, brute force, and multiple collision attacks, better than MD5, SHA-1, and SHA-2 algorithms. In terms of speed, our proposed hashing algorithm can successfully handle existing commercial scenarios better than MD5, SHA-1, SHA-3, and other methods. Therefore, the hash algorithm proposed in this study can be applied to existing e-commerce scenarios.

Secure Deduplication For Cloud Storage Using Memory Mapping Technique For Improving Performance And Security

Data deduplication is a crucial technique for packing data and reducing duplication when transferring data. It is widely used in the cloud to restrict the usage of capacity memory and aids in transmission capacity sparing. Before redistributing data, an encryption mechanism is used to ensure the integrity of sensitive data during the deduplication process. The SHA algorithm is being used to save data in text format. To generate the security bits, padding is appended to the text. In de-duplication, it calculates the hash, i.e. hexadecimal number, string, and integer data. Hash-based de-duplication is the implementation of whole file hashing to the entire file. Text data’s hash values are considered to as feature properties. In contrast to traditional deduplication solutions, clients that transfer data to the cloud certify duplication inside the cloud data. In virtualization, both limiting primary memory size and memory blockage are considered important bottlenecks. Memory deduplication identifies pages with the same content and merges them into a single data file, reducing memory usage, memory parceling, and improving execution. In cloud storage, the MPT is used to deduplication so that it is used in single copies of the same data for different data owners. If any data users try to replicate the same data, it will be mapped and related to the archive data, implying that the data can’t be stored away. To ensure cloud data security, encryption techniques are used to encrypt data throughout deduplication procedures and prior to outsourcing cloud data.

Blockchain-Based Secure Credit Card Storage System for E-Commerce

Recently, serious damages have occurred in e-commerce applications due to rapidly increasing data leaks and end-user vulnerabilities. Although the source of the vulnerabilities is different, attacks result in the theft of unsafe data. In particular, the theft of credit card information reveals a financial loss. In this study, a blockchain-based secure storage model has been developed in order to prevent the theft of credit card information in e-commerce applications as a result of a possible data leak. In the sample e-commerce application developed with ASP.NET, data other than credit cards are stored. Credit card data is transmitted to the blockchain over the API with SSL protection in the e-commerce application. The blockchain model was developed using MongoDB with the BigchainDB framework. The data in each block of the blockchain is encrypted with Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) 256 bits. The data integrity of the block is provided by the SHA256 algorithm. it is aimed to protect credit card data from a possible data leak with the proposed BigchainDB-based blockchain model.

Compositional Defence of Application Privacy in Resistant to Physical and Software Attacks in Untrusted Cloud Environment

Cloud computing facilities have become an increasing rise in demand for presenting computing sources. Various programs like monetary transactions, fitness care systems, video streaming, IoT programs want on-call for provisioning of cloud sources to guarantee timeliness and excessive availability. A shared culture for data interchange has evolved as a result of the fast progress of networking technology. The data security has become a difficult issue as a result of the vast volume of data that is exchanged via the internet. Thus there is a requirement for security to protect data that is transmitted across an insecure connection. In our proposed work, privacy, confidentiality, availability, integrity, and accountability that contribute to the security of information are ensured by cryptographic technique. This paper also describes an exhaustive study on the usage of hybrid algorithms i.e. the combination of Advanced Encryption Standards (AES) and Elliptical Curve Cryptography (ECC) to protect data leakage and protect the privacy of end-users and SHA256 algorithm to ensure data integrity. This type of hybrid encryption will help not only in concentrating software as well as physical attacks but also provide the model to deal with and prevent the application from these types of attacks; thus making the cloud application system more secure. The implemented web application can be used as a defence system for privacy and security in organizations as well as institutions where members of the organization can share the file or confidential data to other team members or colleagues without data leakage thus providing data privacy and security.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Naskah Dinas Elektronik Berbasis Web Menggunakan WDLC

In the modern era of technological development, the application of electronic official script management is a solution to the administrative and communication challenges of agencies during the pandemic, such as today, where administrative work needs to be done from home (work from home). With the condition of a high level of need, the management of official manuscripts in the XYZ organization still uses conventional methods. So, this raises obstructed letter distribution and loss documents problem, and waste of paper use. We propose the Electronic Service Manuscript Management Application to replace the official script management process that previously applied conventional methods to using electronic methods to solve this problem. Besides, we also implement security aspects in the SHA-512 algorithm to fulfill authentication, AES-128 to meet confidentiality, and RSA2048 to meet integrity and non-repudiation. Apart from the security aspect, functionally, the system is built based on the Guidelines for Electronic Service Manuscripts, which are tailored to the organization's needs. The system development uses the Web Development Life Cycle (WDLC) methodology using the Yii2 framework. From the research results, it is concluded that the Electronic Service Manuscript Management Application has been built according to the needs of the organization and can be a security alternative in the official script management process.
 
 Index Terms—digital signature; encryption; official script management; WDLC

Compact quantum random number generation using a linear optocoupler.

To date, various quantum random number schemes have been demonstrated. However, the cost, size, and final random bit generation rate usually limits their wide application on-shelf. To overcome these limitations, we propose and demonstrate a compact, simple, and low-cost quantum random number generation based on a linear optocoupler. Its integrated structure consists mainly of a light emitting diode and a photodetector. Random bits are generated by directly measuring the intensity noise of the output light, which originates from the random recombination between holes of the p region and electrons of the n region in a light emitting diode. Moreover, our system is robust against fluctuation of the operating environment, and can be extended to a parallel structure, which will be of great significance for the practical and commercial application of quantum random number generation. After post-processing by the SHA-256 algorithm, a random number generation rate of 43 Mbps is obtained. Finally, the final random bit sequences have low autocorrelation coefficients with a standard deviation of 3.16×10-4 and pass the NIST-Statistical Test Suite test.

Authentication by Encrypted Negative Password using SHA-256 and RSA Algorithm

Authentication by Encrypted Negative Password using SHA-256 and RSA Algorithm

Chaining Optimization Methodology: A New SHA-3 Implementation on Low-End Microcontrollers

Since the Keccak algorithm was selected by the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as the standard SHA-3 hash algorithm for replacing the currently used SHA-2 algorithm in 2015, various optimization methods have been studied in parallel and hardware environments. However, in a software environment, the SHA-3 algorithm is much slower than the existing SHA-2 family; therefore, the use of the SHA-3 algorithm is low in a limited environment using embedded devices such as a Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) enviornment. In this article, we propose a software optimization method that can be used generally to break through the speed limit of SHA-3. We combine the θ, π, and ρ processes into one, reducing memory access to the internal state more efficiently than conventional software methods. In addition, we present a new SHA-3 implementation for the proposed method in the most constrained environment, the 8-bit AVR microcontroller. This new implementation method, which we call the chaining optimization methodology, implicitly performs the π process of the f-function while minimizing memory access to the internal state of SHA-3. Through this, it achieves up to 26.1% performance improvement compared to the previous implementation in an AVR microcontroller and reduces the performance gap with the SHA-2 family to the maximum. Finally, we apply our SHA-3 implementation in Hash_Deterministic Random Bit Generator (Hash_DRBG), one of the upper algorithms of a hash function, to prove the applicability of our chaining optimization methodology on 8-bit AVR MCUs.

Biometric Based User Authentication and Privacy Preserving In Cloud Environment

Cloud technology provides advantage of storage services for individuals and organizations thus making file access easy and simple irrespective of location. The major concern is the security while the file is been outsourced. Maintaining integrity, file unchanged, gaining confidentiality during file outsourced plays an important role. In this paper, we propose identity based data outsourcing technique to provide data security during authorization and storage. For data authorization we propose finger print based authentication. The fingerprint based authentication is performed using Minutae Map algorithm (MM). For data security we convert the data owner files to hash values using SHA algorithm. Finally in the cloud storage stage, data security and data availability is addressed using multiple cloud storage system.

RAW DATA SECURITY BY USING ELGAMAL AND SHA 256 PUBLIC KEY ALGORITHM

The development of information technology has grown exponentially and various of data collections and its method has been obtained. In the era of big data, data has now become an asset that held important values, while in the implementation of data delivery, it clearly is not always safe. One of the method to secure data delivery is data encryption using Cryptography. Cryptography provides an encryption service to secure data delivery by transforming it to random values so that it can no longer be read. The goal in this study was to produce an application that could be used to encrypt data, using ElGamal's cryptography method and hash checking using the SHA256 algorithm. After encryption, to ensure the encrypted data is still the original data without any changes or manipulation by unauthorized 3rd party then done by checking the hash generated using SHA256 algorithm. The data used in this study was a sample of raw data from the ATPWTP survey (ability to pay and willing to pay) conducted by the BPS Cirebon (Central Statistics) in 2019 and the data was in the form of Excel and txt files. The encryption process resulted in a cipher larger than the plaintext and takes longer for the data encryption process than during the data cipher decryption process.

A Secure Framework for Record Exchange Between Medical Institutions

The Personal Health Record (PHR) is a framework of health information exchange. In the digital age, hospitals and medical institutions are moving to an online platform to store the medical record of patients because physical storage has become quite labor-intensive, expensive and also very inconvenient in terms of maintenance and retrieval while online storage overcomes those obstacles. But there are still numerous privacy concerns as confidential health information may be accessed by unauthorized people. Storage of medical records and other patients related information on third party servers may be vulnerable to breaches as third-party servers usually do not possess a lot of security. To assure the patient’s authority over to their PHRs, this method is used, to encrypt the PHRs before storing on a server and that data is linked with the blockchain. In this paper, we propose a model and mechanism for control of data access to Personal Health Records stored on the cloud. To achieve efficient data access control for Personal Health Records, we use AES and SHA algorithm as an approach to encrypt each PHR file. The analysis and results exhibit the security and efficiency of our proposed scheme.

Three factor authentication system with modified ECC based secured data transfer: untrusted cloud environment

Cloud computing (CC) is a technology that delivers its service by means of the internet. In the modern scenario, cloud storage services have gained attention. The cloud environment confronts data breaches expansively in cloud storage, which might bring about the disclosure of personal in addition to corporate data. Thus, the requirement arises for the creation of a more foremost authentication system. Customary authentication schemes depend on techniques, like Password Authentications Protocol (PAP), Challenge Handshakes Authentication Protocols (CHAP), as well as One-Time Pads (OTP), which are often susceptible to malevolent attacks as well as security threats. To shun such issues, this paper proposed a Modified ECC centred secure data transfer and a ‘3’-factor authentication scheme in the untrusted cloud environment. The proposed work comprises ‘3’ steps: authentication, data compression, and safe data transfer. In the authentication phase, the SHA-512 algorithm along with CCP is utilized. After that, the user-uploaded data is compressed utilizing CHA on the server-side. Next, MECC encrypts the compressed data, and then, safely uploaded it to the cloud server (CS). In the investigational appraisal, the proposed work is contrasted with the prevailing methods. The outcomes proved that the proposed work renders better security than the prevailing methods.

Evolutionary-based image encryption using biomolecules and non-coupled map lattice

Image encryption is an effective way of protecting multimedia data; it is done by transferring multimedia data into an undetectable format within the network context. In this paper, a new Chaotic Evolutionary Biomolecules Model (CEBM) based on the concepts of biological molecules (DNA and RNA) is presented for image encryption. The proposed model consists of four phases. In the first phase, a secret 256-bit key using the SHA-256 algorithm is assumed for the initial value of the non-coupled map lattice function. In the second phase, the Chaotic Rate operator is used for permutation. In the third phase, DNA XOR operators and RNA codons complement operator based on chaos are used for Diffusion. In the final phase, the steps taken 1, 2, and 3 are repeated by the number of the population of the early countries of Imperialist Competition Algorithm. The population is then optimized using imperialist competition algorithm operators. The results show the superiority of the proposed model over other models. In addition, the proposed model is highly resistant to common attacks and has an entropy value average of 7.99944.

A blockchain-based code copyright management system

With the increasing number of open-source software projects, code plagiarism has become one of the threats to the software industry. However, current research on code copyright protection mostly focuses on the approach for code plagiarism detection, failing to fundamentally solve the problem of copyright confirmation and protection. This paper proposes a blockchain-based code copyright management system. Firstly, an Abstract Syntax Tree-based code originality verification model is constructed. The originality of the uploaded code is determined through its similarity to other original codes. Secondly, the Peer-to-Peer blockchain network is designed to store the copyright information of the original code. The nodes in the blockchain network can verify the originality of the code based on the code originality verification model. Then, through the construction of blocks and legitimacy validation and linking of blocks, the blockchain-based code copyright management structure is built. The whole process guarantees that the copyright information is traceable and will not be tampered with. According to the experiments, the accuracy and processing time of the code originality verification model are shown to meet code originality verification requirements. The experiment also shows that the best storage type of the code copyright information is the code fingerprint which is a 256bits hash value converted from code eigenvalues. It performs better in both response speed and storage efficiency. Moreover, because of the uniqueness and irreversibility of the result from the SHA256 algorithm, the code fingerprint storage yields a better level of storage security. In summary, this paper proposes a blockchain-based code copyright management system which provides better response speed and storage efficiency.

A chaotic image encryption algorithm based on random dynamic mixing

This paper proposes a new chaotic system, combined with the dynamic mixing of pixel values, pixel bits, and binary bits encryption algorithms, which are used together in image encryption. The whole process is as follows. First, the original plain text image is converted into an initial key through the SHA-512 algorithm and related operations, then the initial key is applied to the proposed delayed feedback dynamic mixed linear-nonlinear coupled mapping lattices (DFDMLNCML) to obtain the chaotic matrix required for encryption, next, perform the encryption operation of mixed pixel values, pixel bits and binary bits, scrambling and diffusion are done together to improve the security of the algorithm. Finally, the average NPCR, average UACI is 99.6075, 33.4795, respectively, experimental results and various security analyses show that the performance of the system and algorithm is good, and it can resist ordinary attacks, such as selecting plaintext attacks, cropping attacks, and noise attacks.

Improved key of RSA Algorithm Generated from The image based on SHA256 Algorithm

At the present time, information security has become very necessary and is considered a very difficult problem in the event that it is exposed by the attackers and becomes easy and available to them. Therefore, data protection and non-disclosure to unauthorized persons are required to do so. The solution is to encrypt it and there are a large number of encryption algorithms in use. In this paper, both the RSA generic encryption algorithm and the hash algorithm known as SHA256 were used, in which the RSA algorithm was improved by generating the algorithm keys from an image generated with the SHA256 hashing algorithm. Where two keys are formed, one of which is public for encryption and is available and the other is a private key that is not disclosed only to the person who has access to the message, and effective encryption of the data was produced in addition to the retrieval of the original text. The proposed method has been programmed in VisualBaic.Net 2012 language.

HW/SW Architecture Exploration for an Efficient Implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-256

Hash functions are used in the majority of security protocol to guarantee the integrity and the authenticity. Among the most important hash functions is the SHA-2 family, which offers higher security and solved the insecurity problems of other popular algorithms as MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-0. However, theses security algorithms are characterized by a certain amount of complex computations and consume a lot of energy. In order to reduce the power consumption as required in the majority of embedded applications, a solution consists to exploit a critical part on accelerator (hardware). In this paper, we propose a hardware/software exploration for the implementation of SHA256 algorithm. For hardware design, two principal design methods are proceeded: Low level synthesis (LLS) and high level synthesis (HLS). The exploration allows the evaluation of performances in term of area, throughput and power consumption. The synthesis results under Zynq 7000 based-FPGA reflect a significant improvement of about 80% and 15% respectively in FPGA resources and throughput for the LLS hardware design compared to HLS solution. For better efficiency, hardware IPs are deduced and implemented within HW/SW system on chip. The experiments are performed using Xilinx ZC 702-based platform. The HW/SW LLS design records a gain of 10% to 25% in term of execution time and 73% in term of power consumption.