Sexual Behavior Questionnaire Research Articles

Risk of HIV transmission through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking suppressive antiretroviral therapy (PARTNER): final results of a multicentre, prospective, observational study

SummaryBackgroundThe level of evidence for HIV transmission risk through condomless sex in serodifferent gay couples with the HIV-positive partner taking virally suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) is limited compared with the evidence available for transmission risk in heterosexual couples. The aim of the second phase of the PARTNER study (PARTNER2) was to provide precise estimates of transmission risk in gay serodifferent partnerships.MethodsThe PARTNER study was a prospective observational study done at 75 sites in 14 European countries. The first phase of the study (PARTNER1; Sept 15, 2010, to May 31, 2014) recruited and followed up both heterosexual and gay serodifferent couples (HIV-positive partner taking suppressive ART) who reported condomless sex, whereas the PARTNER2 extension (to April 30, 2018) recruited and followed up gay couples only. At study visits, data collection included sexual behaviour questionnaires, HIV testing (HIV-negative partner), and HIV-1 viral load testing (HIV-positive partner). If a seroconversion occurred in the HIV-negative partner, anonymised phylogenetic analysis was done to compare HIV-1 pol and env sequences in both partners to identify linked transmissions. Couple-years of follow-up were eligible for inclusion if condomless sex was reported, use of pre-exposure prophylaxis or post-exposure prophylaxis was not reported by the HIV-negative partner, and the HIV-positive partner was virally suppressed (plasma HIV-1 RNA <200 copies per mL) at the most recent visit (within the past year). Incidence rate of HIV transmission was calculated as the number of phylogenetically linked HIV infections that occurred during eligible couple-years of follow-up divided by eligible couple-years of follow-up. Two-sided 95% CIs for the incidence rate of transmission were calculated using exact Poisson methods.FindingsBetween Sept 15, 2010, and July 31, 2017, 972 gay couples were enrolled, of which 782 provided 1593 eligible couple-years of follow-up with a median follow-up of 2·0 years (IQR 1·1–3·5). At baseline, median age for HIV-positive partners was 40 years (IQR 33–46) and couples reported condomless sex for a median of 1·0 years (IQR 0·4–2·9). During eligible couple-years of follow-up, couples reported condomless anal sex a total of 76 088 times. 288 (37%) of 777 HIV-negative men reported condomless sex with other partners. 15 new HIV infections occurred during eligible couple-years of follow-up, but none were phylogenetically linked within-couple transmissions, resulting in an HIV transmission rate of zero (upper 95% CI 0·23 per 100 couple-years of follow-up).InterpretationOur results provide a similar level of evidence on viral suppression and HIV transmission risk for gay men to that previously generated for heterosexual couples and suggest that the risk of HIV transmission in gay couples through condomless sex when HIV viral load is suppressed is effectively zero. Our findings support the message of the U=U (undetectable equals untransmittable) campaign, and the benefits of early testing and treatment for HIV.FundingNational Institute for Health Research.

Patient-Delivered Expedited Partner Therapy for Chlamydia trachomatis Infection Among Female Adolescents Using School-Based Health Centers

Expedited partner therapy (EPT) may reduce Chlamydia trachomatis reinfection. This pilot study was conducted to determine if female adolescents with C. trachomatis accept and deliver EPT to male sexual partners and whether it is associated with decreased C. trachomatis reinfection rates at 3 and 6 months. Forty-six female adolescents, aged 13 to 19years and diagnosed with C. trachomatis at two urban school-based health centers, participated in four visits over 6 months. Participants completed a self-administered self-efficacy scale and a sexual risk behavior and EPT questionnaire and were retested for C. trachomatis 3 and 6 months after treatment. Overall, 65% accepted EPT, and 73% of those who accepted EPT delivered EPT to their partners. Eighty percent completed the 3-month visit, of these, 30% tested positive for C. trachomatis; 57% completed the 6-month visit, and of these, 15% tested positive for C. trachomatis. Acceptance of EPT was associated with reductions in C.trachomatis reinfection at 3 months (p = .04) but not at 6 months (p = .10). Delivery of EPT was not associated with reductions in C. trachomatis reinfection at 3 or 6 months (p = .08 and p = .44, respectively). Self-efficacy scales did not predict acceptance and delivery of EPT. Although two-thirds of participants accepted EPT and acceptance of EPT was associated with reductions in C. trachomatis reinfection at 3 months, rates of reinfection were high. Implications of these findings are limited by the small sample size. Larger studies are needed to understand potential barriers to delivery of EPT.

Family Connectedness and Its Association With Sexual Risk-Taking Among Undergraduate Students at the University of Nairobi.

Background:Universities have a student population in the age range of 17 to 25 years, 75 % of whom are sexually active, with the median age of sexual debut at age 18 years. About half of all students are involved in risky sexual behaviour. Many interventions have decreased sexual risk behaviour in the short-term, but there is need for multilevel prevention, including targeting improvements in family relationships for sustained change. Perceived positive family connectedness has been found to be related to reduced sexual risk-taking among adolescents and young adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study evaluated the family connectedness and sexual behaviour of students aged 18 to 24 years at the University of Nairobi. There were 904 participants, both male and female, who were registered students of the University of Nairobi. After institutional and individual consent were granted, participants completed a self-administered questionnaire within their classes. The family subscale of the Hemingway Measure of Adolescent Connectedness was used to evaluate connectedness, and a sexual behaviour questionnaire was used to evaluate sexual risk-taking behaviour.Results:Six hundred forty (70.8%) of the respondents were sexually active – 372 males and 268 females. High-risk sex was reported by 203 male respondents (54.6%) and 117 females (43.7%). Reportedly abstinent participants had higher family connectedness scores than those who were sexually active (P<.001), and participants who reported less sexual risk-taking had higher mean family connectedness scores than those with higher sexual risk-taking (P<.001).Conclusion:Family connectedness had a significant influence on sexual risk-taking, and investment in family relationships could reduce risky sexual behaviour and potentially other risky behaviours among young adult university students.

Dynamics and Determinants of HPV Infection: The Michigan HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer (M-HOC) Study

IntroductionHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical and other anogenital cancers and is also associated with head and neck cancers. Incidence of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OPSCCs)...

Oral human papillomavirus infection in England and associated risk factors: a case–control study

ObjectivesThis study was conducted to determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for infection with oral high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in adult participants within England, and to explore any...

Clinical correlation between erectile function and ejaculatory function in the Czech male population

IntroductionThis study explores the relationship between erectile function and ejaculatory function, to inform the clinical psychosexological and sexual medicine practice treatment protocols.Materials and methodsA total of 1,004 Czech males aged between 15 and 84 years (m = 42.8 yrs; sd = 17.6 years) completed a sexual behavior questionnaire. A cross-sectional design was adopted. Erectile function was measured with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and ejaculatory function measured using self-report intravaginal ejaculation latency time and the Index of Premature Ejaculation (IPE). Linear regression analyses were used to explore the relationships between premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction.ResultsThe sample mean self-reported intravaginal ejaculatory latency time was 9.34 minutes. The overall mean on the IPE was 19.44 (sd = 2.368). The Control domain mean was 81.13 (sd = 17.22); Sexual Satisfaction domain mean 78.60 (sd = 20.59); and the Distress domain mean was 86.86 (sd = 18.32). The mean score on the IIEF-5 was 19.28 (sd = 2.53). The results indicate a relationship between premature ejaculation and erectile dysfunction. With age significantly associated with all measures.ConclusionsHigher levels of erectile function are associated with a better control and sexual satisfaction, and less distress about ejaculation. This association supports the consideration of this relationship in the development of new clinical practice guidelines for erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation.

Sexual Functioning After Childhood Abuse: The Influence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma Exposure

BackgroundImpairments in sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction are very common in women who have experienced childhood sexual abuse (CSA). A growing body of literature suggests a high prevalence of sexual distress in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the influence of sexual trauma exposure per se and the influence of PTSD symptoms on impairments in sexual functioning remain unclear. AimThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sexual trauma exposure and PTSD on sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction by comparing 3 groups of women. MethodsWomen with PTSD after CSA (N = 32), women with a history of CSA and/or physical abuse but without PTSD (trauma controls [TC]; N = 32), and healthy women (N = 32) were compared with regards to self-reported sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction. Trauma exposure was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, and PTSD was assessed with the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. OutcomesSexual functioning was assessed with the Sexual Experience and Behavior Questionnaire, and sexual satisfaction was assessed with the questionnaire Resources in Sexuality and Relationship. ResultsPTSD patients had significantly lower sexual functioning in some aspects of sexual experience (sexual aversion, sexual pain, and sexual satisfaction) but did not significantly differ in sexual arousal and orgasm from the other 2 groups. TC and healthy women did not significantly differ from each other on the measures of sexual functioning or sexual satisfaction. Clinical TranslationResults suggest that the development of PTSD has a greater impact on sexual functioning than does the experience of a traumatic event. This emphasizes the importance to address possible sexual distress and sexual satisfaction in women with PTSD by administering specific diagnostic instruments and by integrating specific interventions targeting sexual problems into a trauma-specific treatment. ConclusionsThe study is the first comparing PTSD patients and TC with healthy women with regards to sexual functioning. Limitations are selection and size of the samples, the assessment of sexual functioning by self-report measures only, and lack of consideration of other potentially relevant factors influencing sexuality. The findings suggest that the experience of sexual abuse does not necessarily lead to sexual impairment, whereas comparably low levels of sexual functioning seem to be prominent in PTSD patients after CSA. Further research is needed on how to improve treatment for this patient group.Bornefeld-Ettmann P, Steil R, Lieberz KA, et al. Sexual Functioning After Childhood Abuse: The Influence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Trauma Exposure. J Sex Med 2018;15:529–538.

Psychoticism as a Correlate of Involvement in Risky Sexual Behavior Among Students in Secondary Schools in Nyakach Sub-County Kisumu County, Kenya

Risky sexual Behavior is a common habit among young people in the world, but its relation with Psychoticism has not been explored exhaustively, especially in Kenya. The study aimed at establishing correlation between Psychoticism and involvement in risky sexual Behavior among students in secondary schools in Nyakach Sub-county using a Correlational research design. A multistage random sampling was used to determine a sample size of 46 schools (88%) and 390 students (22%). Data was collected using Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Risky Sexual Behavior Questionnaires. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages and mean) as well as inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation). The major findings of the study showed a significant relationship between Psychoticism and involvement in risky sexual Behavior (r=0.025). In conclusion the relationship is weak and positive hence psychotic personality is likely to participate in risky sex.

Differences in Sexual Behavior of Teenagers and Young Adults with Cerebral Palsy: The Role of Sexual Needs and Sexual Esteem

Sexuality is an inherent attribute of all human beings regardless of their race, religion and the level of physical fitness. The way it is perceived and manifested is determined by a number of biopsychosocial factors. In some people, including persons with cerebral palsy, the factors and their influence are rooted in the psychophysical condition of the human body. The aim of this study was to answer the question about how the levels of sexual esteem and sexual needs differentiate the sexual behaviors of young people with cerebral palsy. The study being presented was conducted with 62 young persons with cerebral palsy (half women and half men), who were selected using purposive sampling. They were aged 15–25 years and were individuals without cognitive difficulties. The research tool used was the Cerebral Palsy Individual’s Sexual Behavior Questionnaire developed by the authors. The findings of the study showed that half of the participants engaged in various sexual behaviors from the list that was presented to them. The frequencies of these engagements depended on the levels of their sexual esteem and sexual needs. Persons characterized by high levels of sexual esteem and sexual needs (much fewer than those with the low levels of both characteristics) engaged in sexual behaviors significantly more frequently. The most frequent among them was direct engagement in sexual activity (petting and sexual intercourse; p ≤ .001) and then exposure to sexually explicit magazines or films (p ≤ .05).

The impact of self-interviews on response patterns for sensitive topics: a randomized trial of electronic delivery methods for a sexual behaviour questionnaire in rural South Africa

BackgroundSelf-interviews, where the respondent rather than the interviewer enters answers to questions, have been proposed as a way to reduce social desirability bias associated with interviewer-led interviews. Computer-assisted self-interviews (CASI) are commonly proposed since the computer programme can guide respondents; however they require both language and computer literacy. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of using electronic methods to administer quantitative sexual behaviour questionnaires in the Somkhele demographic surveillance area (DSA) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.MethodsWe conducted a four-arm randomized trial of paper-and-pen-interview, computer-assisted personal-interview (CAPI), CASI and audio-CASI with an age-sex-urbanicity stratified sample of 504 adults resident in the DSA in 2015. We compared respondents’ answers to their responses to the same questions in previous surveillance rounds. We also conducted 48 cognitive interviews, dual-coding responses using the Framework approach.ResultsThree hundred forty (67%) individuals were interviewed and covariates and participation rates were balanced across arms. CASI and audio-CASI were significantly slower than interviewer-led interviews. Item non-response rates were higher in self-interview arms. In single-paper meta-analysis, self-interviewed individuals reported more socially undesirable sexual behaviours. Cognitive interviews found high acceptance of both self-interviews and the use of electronic methods, with some concerns that self-interview methods required more participant effort and literacy.ConclusionsElectronic data collection methods, including self-interview methods, proved feasible and acceptable for completing quantitative sexual behaviour questionnaires in a poor, rural South African setting. However, each method had both benefits and costs, and the choice of method should be based on context-specific criteria.

The effects of sex drive and paraphilic interests on paraphilic behaviours in a nonclinical sample of men and women

Research on samples of men and women from the general population suggests that paraphilic interests and behaviours are more common in men than in women, but the reasons for this sex difference are unclear. In addition, there is little research on how paraphilic interests lead to engagement in paraphilic behaviours. In this study, we assessed the frequency of engagement in a broad range of paraphilic behaviours in a nonclinical sample of men and women. We expected that men would report engaging in paraphilic behaviours more frequently than women. We also examined whether sex drive explained the sex difference in the frequency of engagement in paraphilic behaviours, as well as whether the relationship between paraphilic interests and frequency of engagement in paraphilic behaviours was stronger at high levels of sex drive. A sample of 305 men and 710 women completed an online survey assessing paraphilic interests and behaviours as well as three measures of sex drive. As expected, sex differences were found, with men reporting more frequent engagement in most paraphilic behaviours. After controlling for socially desirable responding, sex drive fully accounted for the male-biased sex differences. One measure of sex drive–the Sexual Behaviour and Desire Questionnaire–moderated the relationship between paraphilic interests and frequency of engagement in paraphilic behaviours, such that paraphilic interests were most strongly associated with paraphilic behaviours at high levels of sex drive. Taken together, these findings provide further support for the importance of sex drive in understanding the paraphilias.

Sexual Risk Behaviors and Condom Use Barriers in Iranian Men with Substance Use Disorders.

We aimed to investigate risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) and condom use barriers in Iranian men with substance use disorders (SUDs). Of the total 1800 outpatient drug free (ODF) and methadone maintenance treatment program (MMTP) active centers in Tehran, Iran, six were selected to participate in the current study. Data were collected (n = 300 men) using three questionnaires including a demographic questionnaire, the Risky Sexual Behavior Questionnaire (RSBQ), and the Condom Barriers Scale (CBS). The statistical software R, analysis of variance post hoc and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) logistic regression tests were used in data analysis. The majority, (n = 194, 64.7%) reported at least one lifetime episode of RSBs. Compared to married participants (23.1%), 88.5% of single and 87.0% of divorced men had a history of RSB. Generally, the lowest and highest subscale scores of the CBS were related to sexual experience (2.60 ± 0.71) and access/availability structure (3.77 ± 0.54), respectively. The results of MANOVA analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the CSB subscales based on the participants' education and marital status (P < 0.001). Only the partner barrier subscale had a significant negative relationship (P = 0.003) with RSB. Sexual dynamic of Iranian men with SUDs is different. Barriers to condom use seem to be socio-culturally determined. Culturally acceptable strategies need to be utilized in Iranian clinical settings reaching beyond simply condom accessibility for this at risk population.

Does Serum Homocysteine Explain the Connection Between Sexual Frequency and Cardiovascular Risk?

BackgroundSexual activity correlates with various health issues, and homocysteine is considered an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis. Research on the relation of sexual activity to sexual frequency and homocysteine is sparse. AimTo examine the association between sexual frequency and homocysteine in the general population in the United States. MethodsIn total, 2,267 eligible participants 20 to 59 years old who had serum homocysteine data and completed a sexual behavior questionnaire were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 2005 to 2006. The correlation between sexual frequency and serum homocysteine levels was analyzed using a linear regression model and an extended-model approach was performed for covariate adjustment. OutcomesIndividuals, especially men, in the lower quartiles of sexual frequency had significantly higher serum homocysteine levels, and a sex difference was identified in subgroup analysis. ResultsIn a model of quartile-based analysis after adjustment for age, sex, and race and ethnicity, the regression coefficient of the highest quartile of sexual frequency compared with the lowest quartile was −1.326 (P = .012). After further adjustment for multiple covariates, the inverse association between sexual frequency and serum homocysteine levels remained unchanged. Negative trends maintained statistical significance (P for trend < .05). In subgroup analysis by sex, a negative association between sexual frequency and serum homocysteine levels remained unchanged in men even after adjusting for multiple covariates, but not in women. Clinical ImplicationsClinical physicians in primary care should support patients’ sexual activity, and there are implications for health promotion programs. Strengths and LimitationsThis is the first observational investigation stratified by sex to evaluate the correlation between sexual frequency and serum homocysteine levels. The study was a cross-sectional observational investigation and the causal relation should be evaluated in a follow-up study. ConclusionDecreased sexual frequency correlated with higher homocysteine levels in a nationally representative sample of US adults, especially men; this might increase the risk of cardiovascular disease or other atherothrombotic events.Yang H-F, Kao T-W, Lin Y-Y, et al. Does Serum Homocysteine Explain the Connection Between Sexual Frequency and Cardiovascular Risk? J Sex Med 2017;14:910–917.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Self-Interviews for Sensitive Topics: A Randomized Trial of Electronic Delivery Methods for a Sexual Behaviour Questionnaire in Rural South Africa

Background: Self-interviews, where the respondent rather than the interviewer enters answers to questions, have been proposed as a way to reduce social desirability bias associated with interviewer-led interviews. Computer-assisted self-interviews (CASI) are commonly proposed since the computer programme can guide respondents; however they require both language and computer literacy. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of using electronic methods to administer quantitative sexual behaviour questionnaires in the Somkhele demographic surveillance area (DSA) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Methods: We conducted a four-arm randomized trial of paper-and-pen-interview, computer-assisted personal-interview (CAPI), CASI and audio-CASI with an age-sex-urbanicity stratified sample of 504 adults resident in the DSA in 2015. We compared respondents’ answers to their responses to the same questions in previous surveillance rounds. We also conducted 48 cognitive interviews, dual-coding responses using the Framework approach. Results: 340 (67%) individuals were interviewed and covariates and participation rates balanced across arms. CASI and audio-CASI were significantly slower than interviewer-led interviews. Item non-response rates were higher in self-interview arms. In meta-analysis of all questions, self-interviewed individuals reported more socially undesirable sexual behaviours. Cognitive interviews found high acceptance of both self-interviews and the use of electronic methods, with some concerns that self-interview methods required more participant effort and literacy. Conclusions: Electronic data collection methods, including self-interview methods, proved feasible and acceptable for completing quantitative sexual behaviour questionnaires in a poor, rural South African setting. However, each method had both benefits and costs, and the choice of method should be based on context-specific criteria.

Students as Prosocial Bystanders to Sexual Assault: Demographic Correlates of Intervention Norms, Intentions, and Missed Opportunities.

Sexual assault is a major public health issue. Bystander engagement programs are becoming widely used to combat sexual assault on college campuses. The purpose of this study was to examine students' intervention norms, intentions, opportunities, and behaviors as bystanders to sexual assault. Undergraduate students (N = 779) completed the Sexual Assault Bystander Behavior Questionnaire in the fall of 2014. The t tests revealed differences in students' intervention norms, intentions, opportunities, and missed opportunities based on sex, race/ethnicity, athletic participation, and fraternity/sorority membership. The findings support the use of additional measures to assess bystander behavior and to identify student subpopulations that may benefit from programs aimed at increasing prosocial intervention.

Role of sexual partner and social networking in fracture penis aetiology

Introduction Fractured penis is a well-recognised urological emergency resulting from blunt trauma to the erect penis. The incidence and severity of penile fracture mostly relies on the method of sexual practice adopted by the couple which again depends on their psychosocial behaviour. The aim of this study was to analyse the different circumstances that accompany this injury in relation to severity, such as associated urethral injury, and to address the contribution of the patients’ partners in possible aetiologies and prevalences. Methods A prospective observational study over two years of all patients presenting to our institution with a fractured penis. All patients who were subjected to detailed history and clinical examination, which included educational status, profession and access to internet. The patients’ partners were asked the same questions as well as a sexual behaviour questionnaire to grade their level of sexual appetite. Results Thirteen patients were included; all patients were married with an average age of 37. The coital positions associated with this injury were female on top position (four cases), T position (three cases), knee–elbow coital position (two), male superior coital position (two) and lateral coital position (one); one couple were unable to explain the exact position. Overall, 11/13 (85%) female partners showed moderate to high sexual appetite and only two (15.5%) showed low appetite. Out of the 26 patients and partners, only nine (34.6%) had a profession related to computers, but 16 (61.5%) of them had access to the internet. Conclusions High aggressive sexual behaviour may be a factor for vigorous sexual activity and increase the chance of penile injury. The exact role of social networking though not well established may precipitate more injury through the learning of different coital positions; ‘female on top position’ may be related to a higher incidence of fractured penis.

Personality as a Predictor of Involvement in Risky Sexual Behaviour: A Study Conducted Among Students in Secondary Schools in Nyakach Sub-county Kisumu County, Kenya

Risky sexual behaviour is a common habit among young people in the world, but its relation with personality has not been explored exhaustively, especially in Kenya. The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between personality sub-types and involvement in risky sexual behaviour among secondary school students in Nyakach Sub-county using a Correlational research design. A multistage random sampling was used to determine sample size of 46 schools (88%) and 390 students (22%). Data was collected using Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Risky Sexual Behaviour Questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages and mean) as well as inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation and multiple regressions). The major findings of the study showed relationship between personality and involvement in risky sexual behaviour (for introversion r=-0.439, extroversion r=0.786, neuroticism r=-0.410 and Psychoticism r=0.025). Multiple regression at R 2 =0.679 showing that personality subtypes are significant predicators of involvement in risky sexual behaviour at 67.9%. The study recommended that categorizing and profiling the students into their most dominant personality subtypes is one way that can be used to offer strategic counseling so as to handle various students depending on their personality subtypes.

Extraversion and Involvement in Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Students in Secondary Schools in Nyakach Sub-county Kisumu County, Kenya

Risky sexual behaviour is a common habit among young people in the world, but its relation with extraversion has not been explored exhaustively, especially in Kenya. The study aimed at establishing relationship between extraversion and involvement in risky sexual behaviour among students in secondary schools in Nyakach Sub-county using a Correlational research design. A multistage random sampling was used to determine a sample size of 46 schools (88%) and 390 students (22%). Data was collected using Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Risky Sexual Behaviour Questionnaires. The reliability of questionnaires was obtained through internal consistency, with Cronbach’s constant at 0.632 while validity through experts reviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages and mean) as well as inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation). The major findings of the study showed a significant relationship between extraversion and involvement in risky sexual behaviour (r=0.786). In conclusion the relationship is very strong and positive hence extroverts are more likely to participate in risky sex. The study recommended that categorizing and profiling the students into their most dominant personality subtypes is one way that can be used to offer strategic counseling so as to handle various students depending on their personality subtypes.

Personality as a Predictor of Involvement in Risky Sexual Behaviour: A Study Conducted Among Students in Secondary Schools in Nyakach Sub-county Kisumu County, Kenya

Risky sexual behaviour is a common habit among young people in the world, but its relation with personality has not been explored exhaustively, especially in Kenya. The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between personality sub-types and involvement in risky sexual behaviour among secondary school students in Nyakach Sub-county using a Correlational research design. A multistage random sampling was used to determine sample size of 46 schools (88%) and 390 students (22%). Data was collected using Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) and Risky Sexual Behaviour Questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages and mean) as well as inferential statistics (Pearson Correlation and multiple regressions). The major findings of the study showed relationship between personality and involvement in risky sexual behaviour (for introversion r=-0.439, extroversion r=0.786, neuroticism r=-0.410 and Psychoticism r=0.025). Multiple regression at R 2 =0.679 showing that personality subtypes are significant predicators of involvement in risky sexual behaviour at 67.9%. The study recommended that categorizing and profiling the students into their most dominant personality subtypes is one way that can be used to offer strategic counseling so as to handle various students depending on their personality subtypes.

Prevalencia de tipos de virus del papiloma humano en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres, en Chihuahua, México

The aim of this work was to determine human papilloma virus (HPV) high and low risk (HR and LR) genotypes prevalence, and other HPV infection associated risk factors, in men who have sex with men (MSM). A cross-sectional study was conducted, to this end, 104 MSM responded a social demographic and sexual behavior questionnaire and consented sampling of anal epithelium for molecular analysis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with β -globin primers as internal control, and HPV L1 region primers. Subsequently, typing was performed by sequencing. Prevalence of HPV in MSM was 34%: 10% HR and 24% LR. The most frequent oncogenic HPV types were 16 (20%), 73 (20%) and 45 (20%), and non-oncogenic VPH 11 (36%), 62 (28%) and 6 (12%). MSM less than 30 years old had greater HPV prevalence. Presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was not significantly associated to HPV infection in the studied population.