Severity Of Sports Injuries Research Articles

Extremity Injuries during Sporting Activities According to Life Course: Focusing on Fractures.

Background:The increased participation in sports has led to an increased number of sports-related injuries. We aimed to identify the incidence of sports-related injuries by life course and the risk factors for sports-related extremity fractures.Methods:We analyzed data of patients with sports-related extremity injuries from Emergency Department-based national injury surveillance systems, obtained from Jan 2013 to Dec 2016. A multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors of extremity fracture by life course after adjusting for sex, injury season, injury time, injury place, sports type, and mechanism of injury.Results:Overall, 23385 patients met our inclusion criteria. Soccer injuries were most common in the 5–14-year (32.4%), 15–24-year (43.0%), and 25–44-year groups (32.7%), and hiking injuries were most common in the 45–64-year (23.6%) and ≥65-year age groups (38.0%). The upper extremity injury and fracture rates were higher in the younger-age group; nevertheless, the injury and fracture rates of the lower extremities increased with increasing age. Moreover, the rate of hip and thigh injuries and fractures increased significantly in the ≥65-year age group.Conclusion:The incidence and severity of sports injuries are affected by player factors and the sports activity itself. The age of players is a major determinant that affects their medical and physiologic conditions and the sport of choice. The strategy for preventing sports injuries should be structured based on age.

The Role of Negative Emotions in the Aetiology of Non-Impact Sports Injuries: Interactions of the Stress Response and Motor Control Systems

The Role of Negative Emotions in the Aetiology of Non-Impact Sports Injuries: Interactions of the Stress Response and Motor Control Systems

Injuries in young female players in European team handball

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature, extent and severity of sports injuries in young female players in European team handball and to identify the etiological factors involved in the injuries. Twenty-two teams with 217 players, aged 16-18 years, participated in the study. A very high injury incidence during games was observed, with 40.7 injuries/1000 hours of game. Backplayers had the highest incidence (54.8/1000 hours), which is five times higher than any previously recorded injury incidence in players in European team handball. We found that 92.9% of injuries were traumatic and 7.1% were from overuse. One-hundred and twenty-four of the 211 injuries were traumatic injuries of the lower extremities. Of these 63 (51%) were without contact with an opponent. The study confirmed that European team handball is a sport that has a very high injury rate, especially regarding young female players. Field position and earlier injuries are major risk factors, with an earlier injury being the single highest risk factor and with backplayers having a significantly higher number of injuries than players in other field positions.

Information processing and accidental injuries.

The prevention of sports injuries is an important objective in the reduction of accidental injuries (de Loes & Goldie 1988; Lattila et al. 1982; Lindqvist 1989; Sandelin et al. 1987). Sports accidents are costly for society and the injured individual (de Loes 1990). Four areas can be identified in the sports injury prevention (Backx et al. 1991; Van Mechelen et al. 1987). The first area includes the analysis of the nature, extent and severity of sports injuries. Secondly, the aetiological factors involved in sports injuries are identified. Thirdly, the application of preventive measures is done, followed by analysis of the effects ofthe preventive measures. However, very few studies have looked at aetiological factors and preventative measures (Ekstrand & Gillquist 1983a; Torg et al. 1985). Several aetiological factors involved in sports injuries have been analysed (Backx et al. 1991; Lysens et al. 1989; Taimela et al. 1990a). Commonly, injury risk factors in sports are classified as activity related (extrinsic factors) and participant related (intrinsic factors). Each type of activity has its characteristic injury profile and degree of risk and the type of injuries varies widely (de Loes & Goldie 1988; Kujala et al. 1988). Extrinsic injury risk factors include, for example, training errors (Clement et al. 1981; McKenzie et al. 1985;Sedgwick et al. 1988) and environmental conditions, such as terrain, weather and equipment (Ekstrand & Gillquist 1983b; Ekstrand et al. 1983; Grace et al. 1988; Hulkko 1988; James et aI. 1978; McKenzie et al. 1985). The participant related injury risk factors include abnormal anatomy or biomechanics (Kujala 1986; Lysens et al. 1989), poor aerobic or muscle conditioning (Kerr & Minden 1988; Watson 1984),former injuries (Ekstrand & Gillquist 1983b; Lysens et al. 1984; Robey et al. 1971), psychological factors (Jackson et al. 1978; Taerk 1977; Valliant 1981) and accumulation of life stress (Bramwell et al. 1975; Coddington & Troxell 1980; Cryan & Alles 1983; Kerr & Minden 1988; Passer & Seese 1983). There are few studies concerning the relationship between central motor control and sports injuries even though it is presumable that low grade motor control predisposes to accidental injury. It has also been suggested in some papers that poor coordination and slow psychomotor speed predispose to injury (Beck & Day 1985; Beck & Wildermuth 1985; Edwards 1988; Inkelis et al. 1988; Kelley 1990) and some experimental evidence has been recently gained also with regard to the hypothesis. This review discusses findings on information processing and the musculoskeletal injuries to-date and offers suggestions for future study. The concept of central motor control is presented in detail as it represents an essential part of information processing requirements in sports.

Risk factors in sport.

The reporting of sports injuries has been generally inconsistent with modern epidemiological principles. Because of the approach to recording the incidence, nature, and severity of sports injuries, it is very difficult to assess statistically the risk factors of individual activities. Without this knowledge, one cannot isolate the many variables, both overt and covert, which contribute to injurious situations. Recommended practices are included within the paper.