Severe Cold Area Of China Research Articles

Effects of exposure to winter temperature step-changes on human subjective perceptions

An experimental study about the effect of three different air temperature step-changes (S10: 20 °C–10 °C–20 °C, S20: 20 °C–0 °C–20 °C, S40: 20 °C– −20 °C–20 °C) on human health and thermal comfort was conducted in severe cold area of China. Nine male and nine female subjects who have been accustomed to the local climate were recruited. Their subjective responses were measured by questionnaires. Besides, skin temperature was also monitored during the experiment. Results show that time effect of symptoms including cold hands or feet, dizziness, running or stuffy nose, dry throat and shiver is significant, indicating the dynamic effects of temperature alterations. Besides, the symptoms of running or stuffy nose was lagged to reach the highest percentage especially in large step condition S40. The most sensitive parts to temperature alterations are extremities like foot and hand. Significant differences in thermal sensation of local parts are mainly observed between small (S10) and large (S40) temperature steps, or medium (S20) and large (S40) steps. There exist asymmetries in human responses to temperature alterations showing as more intensive effect of down-steps than its counterparts in up-step situation. Psychological lead, the change in thermal perception being far ahead of that in skin temperature, was detected in both down-step and up-step; however, the leading phenomenon in up-step is less intensive than that in down-step.

Adaptive thermal comfort in university dormitories in the severe cold area of China

A field survey was conducted on students' thermal comfort in typical university dormitories from the late autumn to the early spring covering the whole space heating period in Harbin, China. It aims to research the influence of climatic adaptation and indoor thermal history on university students in the severe cold area of China. The indoor physical parameters were measured, while the participants answered the online questionnaires about their thermal sensation and thermal comfort, adaptive methods, etc. The results show that the mean thermal sensation votes (MTS) were always greater than PMV predictions. And the deviations between MTS and PMV were evidently discrepant in different seasons. Meanwhile, the thermal neutral temperatures varied in different seasons. As a long-lasting thermal exposure to the artificial heating environment, the participants' thermal adaptability to cold climate had been gradually undermined. Moreover, the participants were sensitive to the indoor temperature fluctuations, especially to the indoor temperature reduction after they had adapted to the indoor heating condition. The implications for energy use and human health during space heating were suggested.

Research on the Modular Living Walls System Based on Microclimate Adjustment in Severe Cold Areas of China

In the severe cold areas of China, the vertical greening systems are faced with many challenges, the popularization and development are much difficult. In this paper, the differences between modular living walls technology and other greening walls techniques are studied, and the advantages of modular living walls systems in cold areas are presented. Firstly, the paper introduces the techniques of modular living walls. Secondly, it expounds the modular living walls adjusting microclimate mechanism. Finally, the key points of construct modular living walls systems in severe cold areas of China are summarized, which are expected to advice and guide technology and policy development of living walls.

Field Investigation on Indoor Thermal Environment at a Rural Passive Solar House in Severe Cold Area of China

This paper focuses on a field investigation on indoor environment at a rural passive solar house in Yushu City, Jilin Province in the severe cold region of China. The air temperature and relative humidity at the solar house were monitored from Dec. 15th, 2014 to Mar. 15th, 2015. During the period, the authors went to the solar house every 3 or 4 weeks, manually measuring the air temperature, relative humidity, air speed, globe temperature and surface temperatures of exterior window and Kang. Besides the solar house, three energy-saving houses and two old rural houses were investigated. Peasants’ thermal responses were surveyed by questionnaires at the meantime.The results showed that the mean indoor air temperature of the solar house was 13.7°C, close to the design temperature of 14°C for rural houses in the severe cold areas of China. And the mean temperature of an old rural house monitored was only 10.5°C. The average relative humidity was 65.3% at the solar house, while it was 90.9% at the old rural house. Peasants in the solar house and energy-saving houses commonly felt warm, while peasants in the old houses mostly felt neutral or cool. So the solar walls had a positive effect on improving indoor thermal environment. The mean indoor air temperatures in the energy-saving houses and the solar house are higher than in the old houses. Peasants adapted to a relatively poor indoor environment by behavioral adjustments and mental preferences.

Thermal Comfort and Thermal Adaptation between Residential and Office Buildings in Severe Cold Area of China

Harbin is located in Chinese severe cold area. Local people stay indoors by most of time in winter. The occupants’ behavioural regulation was greatly different between residents and office staffs, which might lead to the differences of human thermal responses. A field study was conducted in residential and office buildings from September 2013 to May 2014. The thermal environmental parameters were continuously measured and 1050 subjective questionnaires were collected. The results show that the occupants’ behavioural thermal regulation was different between residents and office staffs periodically. There were deviations between indoor air temperature and neutral temperature. The subjects in office buildings expected more to lower the indoor air temperature in winter. The local occupants had adaptation to both cold climate and indoor environment. The strategy of maintaining indoor temperature was suggested according to the different building functions to save energy and keep comfortable.

Sustainability Study on GCHP Heating System in Severe Cold Area of China

In this paper, the mathematical models of a GCHP system and a Ground-couple heat pump system with air-soil thermal storage (GCHPASTS) were developed, and the 20-year performances of the two systems were simulated in severe cold area of china, respectively. The results show that the soil temperature declines gradually during the operation of a GCHP system, which leads to the decrease of the coefficient of performance (COP) and the heating effect of the heat pump year after year. On the contrary, the balance of ground thermal load can be realized during the operation of a GCHPASTS system, and the heating performance of heat pump is stable and efficient for long time. So, it can be proved that a GCHP system cant be used for heating alone, while a GCHPASTS system is feasibility.

我国严寒地区公共建筑节能降耗水平评价指标体系研究

我国严寒地区冬季采暖期长、公共建筑能耗水平较高，节能降耗水平评价成为促进区域建筑节能减排的关键因素。本文通过结合国内外先进经验，遵循评价指标体系构建原则，运用层次分析法、模糊隶属度函数等方法，构建了严寒地区公共建筑节能降耗水平评价指标体系，并以吉林省为实例进行了评价和分析。研究结果显示，吉林省公共建筑节能降耗水平为良，同时存在诸如采暖能耗高、可再生能源利用程度低、节能改造有待进一步提高等问题，指标体系切实可用。研究结果对促进严寒地区公共建筑节能减排具有一定的现实意义。 Because the heating period is long in the severe cold area of China, and the public buildings’ energy consumption is in a high level, evaluating of energy saving becomes the key factor in promoting public building’s energy saving. In this paper, analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy membership function method are used to construct a public building energy saving evaluation index system for cold region by combining the experience of building energy saving at home and abroad and constructing principles for evaluation index system. Jilin Province is chosen as an example to be evaluated and analyzed, according to the evaluation index system. The study results show that the energy saving level of public building in JilinProvinceis good. Meanwhile, there are some problems, such as high heating energy consumption, low utilization of renewable energy and low level of energy saving. Therefore, the evaluation index system is practicable. In a word, the study results are of practical significance to promote the urban public building energy saving in cold regions.