Serum Sialic Acid Levels Research Articles

The Study of Hemodialysis on the Change Rate of Serum Osteopontin, Sialic Acid, and Nitric Oxide Levels

Objective : Chronic renal failure (CRF) is one of the most prevalent diseases of human societies, especially in Iraq. Despite all advances that have been made so far, hemodialysis with all its complications is being applied as the novel treatment strategy for such individuals.Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional secreted glycoprotein that plays a crucial role in and inflammatory process.Our aim was to ascertain whether circulating osteopontin,sialic acid ,and NO levels are altered in patients with CRF before and after dialysis.Design and Methods: A total of 126 patients with HD were enrolled in this study. Serum OPN levels were measured using a commercial enzymelinked immunosorbent assay kit.Results: Osteopontin and Sialic acid levels were significantly higher in haemodialysed CKD patients than predialysed CKD patients and normal healthy controls. The levels of NO was significantly lower in CRF patients pre HD when compared with healthy controls and significantly increased in post HD as compared to pre HD. Conclusion: In our study, OPN SA, NO were found to be a valuable marker of severity of CKD.

Dynamics of connective tissue metabolites in the blood of rats of different age under hypokinesia

Topicality. Hypokinesia is a condition of insufficient motor activity of the body with limited pace and volume of movement, and is currently the fourth leading cause of endemic death in the world. It is known that hypokinesia can affect the metabolism of components of bone and cartilage, which is the basis for the development of pathological processes, but there are no biochemical markers of this process in the literature. Thus, currently, there is insufficient number of experimental scientific works devoted to the study of biochemical parameters characterizing the state of the connective tissue in the experiment to assess the impact of hypokinesia on the body, and this fact determines the relevance of the study. Aim. To study the dynamics of the main metabolites characterizing the state of the connective tissue in the blood serum in hypokinesia in rats of different ages. Materials and methods. The studies were performed on 42 white male rats aged 3 and 12 months, kept in the vivarium of the Sytenko Institute of Spine and Joint Pathology National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkiv. The conditions of hypokinesia were reproduced using a specially designed device that limited the mobility of the animal without disturbing the ventilation of the body. Animals were removed from the experiment by decapitation in Day 7 and 30 of immobilization under thiopental anesthesia. The content of sialic acids in the serum was determined by the Hess method, chondroitin sulfate – by Nemeth-Csoka method modified by L. I. Slutsky, the fractional composition of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) – by the reaction with resoquine. Results and discussion. In the study of the rat serum, it was found that in intact animals of 3 and 12 months of age the content of sialic acids was different; it was 2.94 ± 0.16 and 1.98 ± 0.09 mmol/L, respectively. After 7 days of hypokinesia, their concentration in young animals did not change, but in older animals, this figure increased. By Day 30, the serum sialic acid levels suddenly increased compared to intact animals. In animals of 12 months of age, the concentration of sialic acids in the blood serum increased by both Day 7 and Day 30 of hypokinesia, especially at the end of the experiment. Hypokinesia also showed a significant increase in serum concentrations of chondroitin sulfates on Day 7 of the experiment in animals of both age groups. At the same time, the level of these metabolites on Day 30 was at the same level. In young rats on Day 7 the fraction of GAG remained unchanged, but on Day 30 there was a significant decrease. During this period, the second fraction of GAG increased. In animals aged 12 months on Day 7 and 30, the content of most GAG fractions was lower than the values characterizing the fractional composition of GAG in intact rats. Conclusions. Thus, the determination of sialic acids, GAG fractions and chondroitin sulfates in the serum can be presented as a set of biochemical tests to assess disorders of the connective tissue metabolism while limiting the motor activity of the body. It has been found that the 30-day hypokinesia causes significant disorders of the connective tissue, and it is reflected in changes in the biochemical parameters of the serum of experimental rats.

Correlation between some haematological parameters, leukocyte ratios, parasitaemia and their prognostic value in canine trypanosomosis

African trypanosomosis is a disease of high economic importance in animals and humans caused by an apicomplexan haemoparasite of the genus Trypanosoma. Canine trypanosomosis is relatively common in Nigeria because of the high prevalence of the insect vector. The haematology, erythrocyte, and serum sialic acid levels of dogs experimentally infected with Federe strain of Trypanosoma brucei brucei was studied in a total of five (5) 4-month old dogs. Three of the dogs were randomly selected and inoculated subcutaneously with 1 × 106 of T. brucei, while the remaining two dogs served as the uninfected control. The parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV), total and differential white blood cell count, erythrocyte surface sialic acid (ESSA) and free serum sialic acid (FSSA) were determined twice a week. The lymphocyte/monocyte ratio (LMR) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were calculated. The infected dogs had a significantly lower PCV, total white blood cell count (TWBC), LMR and ESSA compared to the uninfected control group. There was a strong positive correlation between NLR and PCV decrease, moderate negative correlation between LMR and PCV decrease, strong negative correlation between LMR and ESSA changes, and a moderate positive correlation between ESSA changes and parasitaemia. The higher NLR in trypanosome infection associated with decreasing levels of PCV indicates a poor prognosis, and NLR may be a useful tool in estimating trypanosomosis effect on PCV in dogs. Similarly, the moderate negative and strong negative correlations between LMR with decreases in PCV and ESSA respectively indicates poor prognosis in the response to trypanosomosis in dogs. Thus, NLR, LMR and ESSA levels can be used as markers for predicting disease outcome in trypanosome infection in dogs. This is, however, not the case with parasitaemia as the clinico-pathologic effect of trypanosomosis cannot be estimated from the level of parasitaemia alone.

Relationship between Serum Sialic Acid Concentration and Diabetic Nephropathy in Egyptian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Aim: Diabetic nephropathy is a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), and it is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide. Sialic acid is considered as an acute-phase reactant. Serum sialic acid level was found to be increased in diabetic nephropathy patients. We aimed to measure the serum sialic acid concentration in patients with type 2 DM and to assess if it could be used as an early marker of diabetic nephropathy. Subjects and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was carried out on 40 patients subdivided into 3 groups, first group involved 25 patients with diabetic nephropathy, second group involved 15 patients without diabetic nephropathy and the third group involved 10 patients serving as control group. All patients were selected from those attending the outpatient diabetic clinic at Benha University Hospital between July 2017 and July 2018. Mean and standard deviation (±SD) were used for quantitative data, and t test, Fisher extract test, and regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant, whereas >0.05 statistically insignificant. Results: On comparing patients with diabetic nephropathy with the control group patients we found that serum sialic level is increased and this was statistically significant and also in diabetic patients with nephropathy when compared to diabetic patients without nephropathy. The age of the onset of the discovery of diabetes and the duration of diabetes had no impact on serum sialic acid level. Conclusion: This study showed that serum sialic acid level is significantly increased in patients with diabetic nephropathy, and it is positively correlated with the glycemic control parameters and negatively correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate, and it could be used as an early predictor of albuminuria and decrease of creatinine clearance.

Serum and Salivary Sialic Acid and Nitric Oxide Levels Estimation and Comparison after Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy in Generalised Chronic Periodontitis Patients

Introduction: An exigency for a biomarker arises to expeditiously detect the periodontal disease evolution and to advocate more robust therapy efficacy measurements. Nitric oxide and sialic acid have been proved to be potential inflammatory markers. Hence, the evaluation of the involvement of nitric oxide and sialic acid in periodontal disease will enable us to assimilate the aspect of the complex process of periodontal disease progression. Aim: To estimate and compare the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on serum and salivary sialic acid and nitric oxide levels in generalised chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: This study was a case-control as well as an interventional study. The subjects for this study were recruited from the Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Chennai from April 2017 to October 2018. Hundred patients were selected for this study. Control group consisted of 50 periodontally healthy subjects and test group consisted of 50 generalised chronic periodontitis subjects. After blood and saliva sample collection for determination of salivary and serum sialic acid and nitric oxide levels, evaluation of periodontal parameters like plaque index, probing pocket depth and Clinical Attachment Level (CAL) was done. Then the test group subjects underwent nonsurgical periodontal therapy and on 90th day post SRP parameters were re-evaluated. The collected data were analysed with IBM SPSS Statistics software, Version 23.0. In the above statistical tool the probability value 0.05 was considered as significant level. Results: The mean difference of plaque index, probing pocket depth, CAL, serum sialic acid, salivary sialic acid, serum Nitric Oxide (NO) and salivary nitric oxide: between the control and test group at baseline was -2.05, -5.01 mm, -5.56 mm, -12.515 mg/dL, -11.97 mg/dL, -129.762 μMol/L and -78.978 μMol/L respectively; for the test group at baseline and 90 days after nonsurgical periodontal therapy was 1.332, 3.15 mm, 3.285 mm, 14.206 mg/dL, 12.76 mg/dL, 130.082 μMol/L, 82.004 μMol/L, respectively. All the values were statistically significant with p-value <0.001. Conclusion: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy led to a decrease in the serum and salivary sialic acid and nitric oxide levels in subjects with generalised chronic periodontitis. A decrease in biochemical parameters was associated with a reduction in probing pocket depth and gain in attachment level.

Serum Sialic acid and plasma fibrinogen levels in type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy

Background: Diabetes is one of the most common chronic hyperglycemic syndromes, affecting nearly 347 million people worldwide. Serum sialic acid levels correlate positively with albuminuria, hence serum levels are raised even before clinical nephropathy is diagnosed. Another biological marker of DN is fibrinogen. Hence, the present study was undertaken to estimate serum sialic acid & plasma fibrinogen levels in DM & DN and to know whether these levels could be used as early predictors of DN. Objectives: To estimate Serum SA, Plasma Fibrinogen levels, FBS, HbA1c, Lipid profile, atherogenic ratios, Blood Urea, Serum Creatinine, eGFR & Urine albumin/Creatinine ratio in type 2 DM, DN patients and healthy controls. To correlate Serum SA and Plasma Fibrinogen levels with FBS, HbA1c, Lipid profile, Blood Urea, Serum Creatinine, eGFR and urine A/C ratio in type 2 DM and DN patients. To find out whether the levels of Serum SA and Plasma Fibrinogen levels can be used as markers for the early diagnosis of DN. Methodology: A case control study includes total of 150 patients, of which 50 were diabetic without any complications, 50 were diabetic nephropathy patients and remaining 50 were age matched healthy controls. Results: The duration of diabetes in DN patients was greater and statistically significant when compared to DM without nephropathy. The mean SA & fibrinogen levels in DN patients were increased & statistically significant when compared to DM without nephropathy.

Evaluation of L-fucose and Sialic Acid Levels in Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Control Subject

Background: Currently, glycans, which are known as functional molecules in the biological system, are being under study as potential cancer markers. This study aimed to determine the level of serum L-fucose and sialic acid as the biomarkers in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Materials and Methods: The patients with CRC (n=40, 20 men and 20 women) participated in the present study. The spectrophotometric method was used to measure the levels of L-fucose and sialic acid in the serum of the patients. SPSS (version 21) was used to analyze the obtained data. The results were expressed as mean ± SD. Results: The mean ± SD L-fucose level in patients with CRC was 27.46 ± 4.8 ng/mL, which was more than this level in the healthy control group (18.64±3.1 ng/mL). Also, the mean ± SD serum concentration of sialic acid in patients with CRC was 2.1 ± 0.41 ng/mL, which was more than the mean ± SD sialic acid level of 1.23±0.21 ng/mL in the healthy controls. Conclusion: Serum concentration of L-fucose and sialic acid increased significantly (P < 0.05) in patients with CRC compared with the healthy controls. We believe that determining serum L-fucose and sialic acid levels could be useful for the detection of CRC patients in the early stage.

The therapeutic potential of phytol towards Trypanosoma congolense infection and the inhibitory effects against trypanosomal sialidase

The search for novel therapeutic candidates against animal trypanosomiasis is an ongoing scientific endevour because of the negative impacts of the disease to the African livestock industry. In this study, the in vivo therapeutic potentials of phytol toward Trypanosoma congolense infection and the inhibitory effects on trypanosomal sialidase were investigated. Rats were infected with T. congolense and administered daily oral treatment of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW of phytol. Within the first 10 days of the treatment, no antitrypanosomal activity was recorded but a moderate trypanostatic activity was observed from day 17-day 21 pi. However, at 100 mg/kg BW, phytol demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) ameliorative potentials toward T. congolense-induced host-associated pathological damages such as anaemia, hepatic and renal damages; and the data was comparable to diminazine aceturate. Moreover, the T. congolense caused a significant (p < 0.05) increase in free serum sialic acid level which was significantly (p < 0.05) prevented in the presence of phytol (100 mg/kg BW). In an in vitro analysis, phytol inhibited partially purified T. congolense sialidase using an uncompetitive inhibition pattern with inhibition binding constant of 261.24 μmol/mL. Subsequently, molecular docking revealed that the compound binds to homology modelled trypanosomal sialidase with a binding free energy of −6.7 kcal/mol which was mediated via a single hydrogen bond while Trp324 and Pro274 were the critical binding residues. We concluded that phytol has moderate trypanostatic activity but with a great potential in mitigating the host-associated cellular damages while the anaemia amelioration was mediated, in part, through the inhibition of sialidase.

Evaluation of sialic acid levels in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients in NCR, Delhi

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, and it is associated with increased prevalence of microvascular complications. Serum sialic acid has developed as a potential risk factor for Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. In type-2 diabetic individuals, elevated serum sialic acid is often observed as compared to non-diabetic individuals.The study conducted in NCR, Delhi was a cross-sectional analysis on 70 participants between the age group of 30 to 70 years. This included two groups of thirty-five individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus recruited as cases (15 males and 20 females) and thirty-five individuals without diabetes taken as controls (16 males and 19 females). Fasting blood glucose and serum sialic acid in the both groups were measured.In the present study, serum sialic acid levels were shown to be increased in type-2 diabetes mellitus (76.60±7.89) compared to non-diabetics (39.66±9.55) with a statistically significant p-value of &amp;#60; 0.001. On the basis of present study, it is concluded that the serum sialic acid levels were found to be increased in type-2 diabetic patients of Delhi -NCR which reflect that these patients were at the risk of developing microvascular complications. Therefore, estimating sialic acid levels may aid in early diagnosis and prevention of microvascular complications caused by type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Variation of total serum sialic acid concentration in postmenopausal women.

Given its location and ubiquitous distribution, sialic acid can mediate or modulate a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes; however, there is scarce data regarding the associations between sialic acid serum levels and sex, age and menopause. The present study evaluated the age-related changes in serum sialic acid (SA) levels in 97 elderly subjects, including men and postmenopausal women. A significant increase in serum levels of sialic acid in postmenopausal women and a significant decrease in men were observed in an age-dependent manner. Furthermore, in postmenopausal women, positive correlations were observed between the total serum sialic acid level and age in all decades and subgroups. The total serum concentration of sialic acid in the postmenopausal women group exhibited a particular pattern; significantly lower levels were observed in subjects in the intermediate postmenopausal period compared with those in the first decade of post menopause and then higher levels again as the women get older (late climax), thus the concentration increased according to the age of the individual.

Evaluation of urinary oxidative stress markers, inflammatory sialoproteins and neopterin in pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) represents major cause for perinatal morbidity and mortality. Oxidative stress and altered inflammatory response may contribute to the pathogenesis of IUGR. The present study was aimed to investigate the urinary and blood levels of inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in women with IUGR. 23 pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction and 30 healthy pregnant women were included in the present study. Detailed demographic data were collected. Total protein, albumin, total anti-oxidant status ( TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), malondialdehyde (MDA), neopterin and protein bound sialic acid (PBSA) were estimated in the blood. TOS, TAS and neopterin were measured in urine samples of women with IUGR. Serum MDA (16.2 ± 1.8) and Sialic acid (2.5 ± 0.8) levels were significantly elevated in women with IUGR. Urinary TOS (20.4 ± 4.4) and OSI (5.4 ± 1.2) were significantly increased in pregnant women with IUGR. The cut off value in ROC analysis for urinary oxidative stress index was 4.6 for the diagnosis of IUGR. Oxidative stress in maternal blood is positively associated with the development of IUGR in pregnant women. Estimation of these parameters in serum and urine could serve as screening tool for the early prediction and diagnosis of IUGR which will further aid in the better management of neonatal health.

ASSOCIATION OF SERUM SIALIC ACID AND SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS WITH FASTING BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS IN TYPE-2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS

Objectives: The objective of the study was to estimate the serum sialic acid and serum uric acid levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and non-diabetic individuals and determining the association of serum sialic acid and serum uric acid levels with fasting blood glucose levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and also in non-diabetic individuals.&#x0D; Methods: The study was a cross-sectional analysis where 70 individuals in the age group of 30–70 years participated during 6 months period. This included two groups, one for type-2 diabetes patients as cases and other non-diabetics as controls. In each group, 35 individuals participated. There were 15 males and 20 females in type-2 diabetic group and 16 males and 19 females in non-diabetic group. Fasting blood glucose, serum sialic acid, and serum uric acid were estimated in both the groups.&#x0D; Results: In this study, the serum sialic acid levels of type-2 diabetes mellitus were shown to be increased (76.60 ± 7.89) when compared to non-diabetics (39.66 ± 9.55) with a statistically significant, p &lt; 0.001. The serum uric acid concentrations were also found to be slightly elevated in type-2 diabetes mellitus (4.48 ± 0.79) when compared to non-diabetics (4.28 ± 0.89) with a statistically non-significant, p = 0.323.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on this study, it is concluded that serum sialic acid and serum uric acid levels have been found to be positively associated with type- 2 diabetes mellitus in both men and women, indicating the risk of developing microvascular complications in those patients. Therefore, estimating the sialic acid and uric acid levels can aid in the early diagnosis and prevention of microvascular complications caused by type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Acrylamide reduces plasma antioxidant vitamin levels in rats due to increased oxidative damage

ABSTRACT Objective Acrylamide is a potentially neurotoxic and carcinogenic chemical and naturally creates during the heating process of carbohydrate-rich foods, such as potato chips and breakfast cereals. Acrylamide might be ingested by people via consuming food that contains it. Therefore, we investigated the effect of acrylamidegiven orally to male and female rats on plasma retinoic acid and α-tocopherol and serum sialic acid and malondialdehyde levels. Method A total of 50 Wistar rats were used (25 female and 25 male, three-four weeks old). The rats of each sex were given 2 and 5mg/kg/day acrylamide via drinking water for 90 days. At the end of the treatment, the animals were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Blood specimens were collected through cardiac puncture, and serum and plasma samples were analysed using the high-performance liquid chromatography technique with a Ultraviolet detector. Results The analysis of the plasma and serum samples revealed that serum sialic acid and malondialdehyde levels in both sexes given 5mg/kg/day acrylamide were significantly increased, and the serum sialic acid levels were higher in female rats given 2mg/kg/day acrylamide. The plasma retinoic acid and α-tocopherol levels significantly decreased in both sexes given only the highest dose. Conclusion The results show that acrylamide causes an increase in oxidative stress and leads to a decrease in the levels of retinoic acid and α-tocopherol which play a role in the defense mechanism against this stress.

Is sialic acid a promising marker for periodontal diseases?

Periodontal diseases are inflammatory chronic infections. Sialic acid (SA) is an acute phase reactant by itself. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between salivary and serum SA levels and clinical parameters in different forms of periodontal diseases. Systemically healthy subjects were included in the study; patients with chronic gingivitis (CG) (n = 10), chronic periodontitis (CP) (n = 10), and aggressive periodontitis (AgP) (n = 10), and ten volunteers with healthy periodontium as the control group. Total SA levels were determined by Warren's thiobarbituric acid method in whole saliva, parotis saliva, and serum samples of subjects before and 3 months after nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Full mouth clinical parameters including plaque index, gingival index, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were also recorded. Before treatment, in both periodontitis groups salivary and serum SA levels were higher than those of controls (P = 0.001). Both salivary and serum SA levels decreased significantly in the patient groups after treatment (P < 0.001). Multiple comparisons of baseline clinical parameters in all groups revealed significant differences (P = 0.001) and these parameters decreased significantly on the 90th day (P < 0.01). There were positive correlations between SA levels and periodontal indices of the CG, CP, and AgP groups (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that SA level in both saliva and serum may be a potentially useful marker to determine inflammatory changes and investigate different forms of periodontal diseases.

Effects of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Aegle marmelos&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (L.) Methanolic Leaf Extracts on Cardiovascular Parameters in Diabetic Rats

Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa is a widely found plant in India as well as in South Asia. For more than several centuries it is being widely used for its medicinal properties. The objective of the study was to evaluate the cardiovascular changes in alloxan induced diabetic rats treated with methanolic leaf extracts of Aegle marmelos. 5 treatment groups (namely control, diseased, low dose (100mg/kg), medium dose (250mg/kg) and high dose (500mg/kg) of methanolic leaf extracts were used in the study. The cardiovasculareffects were evaluated by the determination of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), Serum Sialic Acid, Glutathione Peroxidase, Serum Catalase, Ascorbic acid, Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride levels. High dose treatment group showed significant decrease in Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), Serum Sialic Acid, Glutathione Peroxidase, Serum Catalase, Ascorbic acid, Sodium, Potassium, and Chloride levels when compared with the diseased treatment groups. Though Low and medium dose treated animals showed insignificant decrease in these cardiovascular parameters when compared with high dose treatment group as well as diseased group. The effects of high dose treatment on cardiovascular parameters were very significant as that of control group. Through the cardiovascular parameters it is evident that the highdose of methonolic leaf extract of Aegle marmelos can be used the treatment of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications.

Relevance of serum and salivary sialic acid in oral cancer diagnostics.

To review the relevance of sialic acid as a tumour marker in oral cancer. Tumour marker are useful in the screening for early malignancy. Sialic acids are important in determining the surface properties of cells and has been implicated in cellular invasiveness, adhesiveness, and immunogenicity. Sialic acids are commonly found at the outermost end of glycan chains of all cell types. Increase in the levels of sialic acid in oral cancer indicates its importance as a tumour marker.Both serum and salivary sialic acid levels can be used as a screening tool and a diagnostic aid for oral cancer. Salivary sialic acid can be used as a non-invasive, cost effective and reliable diagnostic methods for screening and monitoring of oral cancer. In patients with oral cancer, glycoprotein metabolism is altered. Increase in the levels of sialic acid in oral cancer indicate its importance as a tumour marker. Changes in the serum is reflected in saliva. Salivary sialic acid can be used as non-invasive, cost effective and reliable diagnostic methods for screening and monitoring of oral cancer. Early the diagnosis, better the prognosis.

Evaluation of oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers and DNA damage in buffaloes naturally infected with Theileria annulata

Previously, we evaluated serum sialic acid (SA) levels in buffaloes naturally infected with T. annulata. In the current paper, we conducted a further study on oxidative/nitrosative stress biomarkers in erythrocyte lysate samples of the same buffaloes. DNA damage also was assessed. Additionally, we tested whether, there is any correlation between SA and the aforementioned indicators or not. To achieve these aims, several biomarkers including the activities of key antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), nitric oxide contents (NO), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and DNA damage levels were measured. The obtained results showed that the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and TAC levels decreased significantly as the percentage of parasitemia increased accordingly. Also, a significant increase in the levels of PCO, MDA, NO and DNA damage were recorded, depending on the degree of parasitemia. There was a significant correlation between oxidative/nitrosative stress indicators and SA. Conclusively, T. annulata infection in buffaloes is associated with a parasitic burden-dependent oxidative/nitrosative damages to erythrocytes and SA plays a crucial role in pathogenesis of the disease, as it is tightly correlated with oxidative/nitrosative indicators.

Estimation of Serum and Salivary Sialic Acid Level in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Background: Sialic acid is a glycoprotein that is considered as an important constituent of cell membrane. Altered glycosylation is one of the important molecular changes that accompany malignant transformation. Several studies in past have shown that changes in serum and salivary sialic acid levels in cancer patients correlate well with tumor burden. Some of the findings suggested that sialic acid levels could be elevated in cancer patients before the occurrence of clinical symptoms. The purpose of this study is to estimate serum and salivary sialic acid level in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients and correlate their level with the histopathological grading of oral squamous cell carcinoma.&#x0D; Methods: Blood and saliva samples were collected from 50 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and 50 healthy subjects. Serum and salivary sialic acid levels in both free and protein bound forms were measured spectrophotometrically. This was correlated with histopathological grades of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The statistical analysis was done using SPSS software.&#x0D; Results: A statistically significant rise in serum and salivary sialic acid level was noted in OSCC subjects compared to the controls. Furthermore, significant difference in both serum and salivary sialic acid level was noted between well and poorly differentiated OSCC.&#x0D; Conclusions: Our report suggests that sialic acid is a valuable biomarker of oral squamous cell carcinoma. It may be used to assess the histological grading of oral cancer and predict the disease outcome and response to the therapy.

Sialic acid: an early sensitive marker improves detection of nephropathy in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients

Sialic acid: an early sensitive marker improves detection of nephropathy in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients - IJCBR- Print ISSN No: - 2394-6369 Online ISSN No:- 2394-6377 Article DOI No:- 10.18231/j.ijcbr.2019.036, International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research-Int J Clin Biochem Res

Trypanostatic activity of geranylacetone: Mitigation of Trypanosoma congolense-associated pathological pertubations and insight into the mechanism of anaemia amelioration using in vitro and in silico models

Trypanosoma congolense is an important pathogen that wreaks havoc in the livestock industry of the African continent. This study evaluated the in vivo antitrypanosomal activity of geranylacetone and its ameliorative effect on the disease-induced anaemia and organ damages as well as its inhibitory effects against trypanosomal sialidase using in vitro and in silico techniques. Geranylacetone was used to treat T. congolense infected rats, at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg BW, for 14 days where it was found to reduce the parasite burden in the infected animals. Moreover, 100 mg/kg BW of geranylacetone significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the anaemia, hepatic and renal damages caused by the parasite. This is in addition to the alleviation of the parasite-induced hepatosplenomegaly and upsurge in free serum sialic acid levels in the infected animals which were associated with the observed anaemia amelioration by the compound. Consequently, bloodstream T. congolense sialidase was partially purified on DEAE cellulose column and inhibition kinetic studies revealed that the enzyme was inhibited by geranylacetone via an uncompetitive inhibition pattern. In silico analysis using molecular docking with Autodock Vina indicated that geranylacetone binds to trypanosomal sialidase with a minimum free binding energy of −5.8 kcal/mol which was mediated by 26 different kinds of non-covalent interactions excluding hydrogen bond whilst Asp163 and Phe421 had the highest number of the interactions. The data suggests that geranylacetone has trypanostatic activity and could protect animals against the T. congolense-induced anaemia through the inhibition of sialidase and/or the protection of the parasite-induced hepatosplenomegaly.