Serum Lipid Profile In Rats Research Articles

Modulation of the intestinal microbiota by apple cider vinegar in rats subjected to cafeteria diet

Etiology of obesity is complex and multifactorial. The intestinal microbiota seems to play a major role in the development of this pathology. In addition, environmental factors can modulate the composition of the intestinal microbiota and promote or prevent the development of metabolic abnormalities. Our previous work has shown that apple cider vinegar (ACV) improves the serum lipid profile in rats. This study aims to discern whether the ACV could modulate gut microbiota in Wistar rats subjected to a cafeteria diet. Twenty-four male adult Wistar rats (145 ± 05 g) were split into 3 groups with 8 rats each: Group (1): received standard laboratory diet and served as a control. Groups (2) and (3) received cafeteria diet for 90 days. Group (3) was daily administered apple cider vinegar (7 mL/kg) by gavage. Anthropometric measurements (weight, body length, BMI) are performed on Day 0 and Day 90. At the end of the experiment, animals are sacrificed and the contents of the colon and feces are freshly collected under sterile conditions to verify their microbial quality by a microbiological study. Our results show that after 90 days of experimentation, the ACV supplementation leads to a highly significant ( P ≤ 0.001) decrease in BMI in rats submitted to cafeteria-diet (0.56 ± 0.01 vs. 0.82 ± 0, 02). This is concomitant with a highly significant decrease ( P ≤ 0.001) in Firmicutes (Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium) level both at the colon and feces. These results testify to the effect of the ACV on the Firmicutes/Bacteriodetes ratio. In conclusion, our results indicate that administration of ACV for 12 weeks can modulate of body weight and gut microbiota in rats subjected to cafeteria-diet. This work can be a successful strategy for weight loss and obesity prevention.

Effect of Fennel and Dill Seeds on Serum Lipid Profiles of Rats Feeding High Fat Diet

Effect of Fennel and Dill Seeds on Serum Lipid Profiles of Rats Feeding High Fat Diet

Mammary cancer risk and serum lipid profile of rats supplemented with pomegranate seed oil and bitter melon extract

The objective of the present study was to determine the influence of dietary supplementation with pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and/or an aqueous extract of dried bitter melon fruits (BME) on breast cancer risk and fatty acid profile in serum of female rats with chemical carcinogen-inflicted mammary tumours. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 96) were fed control diet or experimental diets supplemented with 0.15 ml PSO/day, BME or jointly PSO and BME. After 21 weeks mammary tumours were subjected to histopathological examination and in serum fatty acids, 8-isoprostaglandin F2α content and indices of desaturases activity were analysed. Supplementation of the diet with PSO and BME did not inhibit the breast cancer formation. Conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA), present in PSO, were converted into cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), however, its content was lower in groups treated with a carcinogen. A similar tendency was observed for the content of SFA, MUFA, PUFA, 8-iso PGF2α and the activity of Δ6-desaturase. Enhanced pro-carcinogenic effect of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), caused by applied supplements, may be a result of their influence on DMBA metabolism.

Tofu and fish oil independently modulate serum lipid profiles in rats: Analyses of 10 class lipoprotein profiles and the global hepatic transcriptome

Soy protein and fish oil are food components that decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. Previous studies demonstrated that these food components reduced serum cholesterol levels and suppressed hepatic lipogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms of action of these food components remain unclear. Ten classes of serum lipoprotein profiles showed that dietary tofu, a soybean curd, suppressed cholesterol absorption, while fish oil reduced most of the lipoprotein classes in rats. Tofu and fish oil both halved the level of the lipoprotein class LAC1 (LDL-anti-protease complex), a 15-nm LDL-anti-protease complex, which is speculated to be a cause of atherosclerosis. Moreover, a global transcriptome analysis revealed that tofu inhibited the mRNA expression of genes involved in hepatic lipogenesis, while fish oil stimulated that of genes related to fatty acid degradation. Therefore, tofu and fish oil independently regulate lipid metabolism. The decrease observed in LAC1 may have been due to reduced cholesterol absorption in the tofu diet group and the interference of lipogenesis via the activation of polyunsaturated fatty acid detoxification in the fish oil group.

Dietary calcium affects body composition and lipid metabolism in rats.

Calcium (Ca) intakes may affect cardiovascular disease risk by altering body composition (body weight and fat) and serum lipid profile, but results have been inconsistent and the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. The effects of dietary Ca on body composition and lipid metabolism were examined in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high-fat, high-energy diets containing (g/kg) low (0.75Ca, 0.86 ± 0.05; 2Ca, 2.26 ± 0.02), normal (5Ca, 5.55 ± 0.08) or high (10Ca, 11.03 ± 0.17; 20Ca, 21.79 ± 0.15) Ca for 10 weeks. Rats fed the lowest Ca diet (0.75Ca) had lower (p < 0.05) body weight and fat mass compared to other groups. Rats fed the high Ca diets had lower serum total and LDL cholesterol compared to rats fed normal or low Ca. Liver total cholesterol was lower in rats fed high compared to low Ca. In general, liver mRNA expression of genes involved in cholesterol uptake from the circulation (Ldlr), cholesterol synthesis (Hmgcr and Hmgcs1), fatty acid oxidation (Cpt2) and cholesterol esterification (Acat2) were higher in rats fed higher Ca. Apparent digestibility of total trans, saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower in rats fed the high compared to the low Ca diets, with the largest effects seen on trans and saturated fatty acids. Fecal excretion of cholesterol and total bile acids was highest in rats fed the highest Ca diet (20Ca). The results suggest little effect of dietary Ca on body composition unless Ca intakes are very low. Decreased bile acid reabsorption and reduced absorption of neutral sterols and saturated and trans fatty acids may contribute to the better serum lipid profile in rats fed higher Ca.

Evaluation of serum lipid profile in children with nephrotic syndrome admitted in emergency ward of Government Tirunelveli Medical College and Hospital, India

Background: Nephrotic syndrome is a collection of clinical findings due to kidney damage. This includes protein in the urine, low blood albumin levels, high blood lipids, and significant edema. The objective of this study was to study the correlation between lipid profile and different types of nephrotic syndromeMethods: This cross-sectional study was done between March 2017 - October 2017 in the Department of Pediatrics, Tirunelveli Government Medical College. 40 cases of nephrotic syndrome between 1 to 12 years, which include all types of nephrotic syndrome. After history taking and clinical examination, blood samples were collected from the patients for lipid profile and analyzed with standard techniques.Results: In the 40 cases included in the present study mean serum albumin was low (mean = 2.212 gm %), mean total cholesterol (mean = 344.300 mg/dl) mean triglycerides (mean = 304.025 mg/dl) mean LDL (mean = 234.650 mg/dl) and mean VLDL (mean = 61.625 mg/dl) were elevated. HDL (mean = 46.07 mg/dl) with in normal limits. No significant changes observed.Conclusions: Serum cholesterol levels elevated significantly in relapse cases compared to the first episode. Serum cholesterol in SRNS cases shows statistically significant elevation compared to other types. LDL values were elevated in relapse cases compared to the first episode which were found out to be statistically insignificant. LDL values in SRNS cases show statistically significant elevation compared to first episodes and SDNS cases.

Study of the National Cooked Smoked Meat Products While Tests with Laboratory Animals at the Pathology Models with the Purpose to Confirm the set of Biocorrective Features

Conducted physico-chemical and biological studies of Goji berries and national products made it possible to obtain information on the bioavailability of nutrients included in the product, to evaluate their food value and nutritional value, and their functional orientation. The study of the processes of digestibility and absorption of the developed products on the gastric invitro model and the monolayer of the intestinal wall epithelium showed high absorption and assimilability of the low molecular weight (from 30 kDa and below) protein fraction of the studied product. The detected acceleration of the absorption of nutrients of the tested products was reflected positively on the dynamics of changes in the biochemical composition of the blood, which, in turn, will lead to an acceleration of the biocorrecting action of functional biologically active substances. As a result of the experiment it was established that Goji berries, characterized by high catalase activity, have a prominent antioxidant effect, helping to control free radical oxidation in the rat organism with hyperlipidemia by decrease of MDA concentration (to 30%) and improvement of blood serum antioxidant activity (to 40 %). A prominent hipolipidemic (lipid-lowering) effect of berries has been established, which consists in normalization of the blood serum lipid profile of rats with hyperlipidemia 28 days after the beginning of feeding (decrease in total cholesterol (by 1.5 times), low density lipoproteins (to 40%) and blood serum atherogenity index (by more than 50%) with increase of high-density lipoproteins (up to 45%).

Resistance training alone or combined with leucine supplementation improves the serum lipid profile of diabetic rats, whereas leucine alone does not.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidemia, which contributes to a higher risk of thrombosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. This study evaluated the effects of leucine and resistance training on the serum lipid profile in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes for 8 weeks. Wistar rats with neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with leucine supplementation (5%) and/or resistance training (3 days per week) for 8 weeks, and divided in DL (diabetic and leucine), DT (diabetic and resistance training group) and DLT (diabetic, leucine and resistance training) groups. Others 2 groups of animals received isonitrogen AIN-93M diet that was defined as a control diet: group D (diabetic untreated) and group C (non-diabetic). The decrease in serum total cholesterol and increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was observed in the resistance training-induced diabetic rats when compared with diabetic rats. There was no change in serum lipid profile in leucine-supplemented diabetic rats and no synergistic effect of leucine and resistance training. The fasting glucose levels were reduced in all animals treated compared to D group. The diabetic trained rats demonstrate a protective effect of resistance training on the serum lipid profile.

Hypolipidemic effect of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of Senna occidentalis in rats

Introduction: Senna occidentalis is a medicinal plant which is called “rai–rai” or “rai dorai” in Hausa. It is among the most commonly used plants that form the basis of primary healthcare for a majority of people living in rural and remote areas in Nigeria and other third world countries. Hyperlipidemia is a condition which is characterized by elevated levels of serum lipid profile. It is associated with many diseases such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Aims and Objectives: This study was aimed at assessing the effect of oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of S. occidentalis on serum lipid profile in rats. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening and effect of aqueous leaf extract of S. occidentalis on lipid profile was conducted. Thirty male albino rats were divided into six groups of 5 rats each. Group I was normal control, group II hyperlipidemic control, groups III, IV, and V were hyperlipidemic rats orally administered with 500 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 166 mg/kg of aqueous leaf extract of S. occidentalis , respectively, for 4 weeks, and group VI were hyperlipidemic rats orally administered with 10 mg/kg of ruvastatin for 4 weeks. At the end of the fourth week, the animals were sacrificed and their serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels were determined. Results: Results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, resins, and flavonoids. Significant ( P P S. occidentalis and those orally administered with 10 mg/kg of rosuvastatin when compared with group II. Rats orally administered with 250 mg/kg of the aqueous leaf extract were found to have significantly lower ( P Conclusion: It could be suggested that aqueous leaf extract of S. occidentalis at 500 mg/kg could cause antihyperlipidemic effect against dietary-induced hyperlipidemia.

Effects of feeding chevon modified by dietary supplementation of &lt;i&gt;Andrographis paniculata&lt;/i&gt; in rats as bioindicators

This study examined the effects of chevon-based pellets prepared from Longissimus thoracis muscle of Boer goats fed diet supplemented with Andrographis paniculata leaves (APL), Andrographis paniculata whole parts (APWP) and control (AP0) on serum lipid profile in rats. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats (4-5 months old) were randomly assigned to pellets containing either APWP chevon, APL chevon, AP0 chevon or rat chow powder and fed for 12 weeks. Serum lipid profile was assessed at 0, 6 and 12 weeks. Chevon-based pellets contained higher monounsaturated fatty acids than the rat chow powder. Plasma total cholesterol was higher ( P < 0.05) in rats fed AP0 chevon compared with those fed other diets at week 6. At weeks6 and 12, the APWP and APL rats had lower ( P < 0.05) total plasma cholesterol compared with AP0 and chow powder rats. At week 6, the level of HLD-cholesterol in rats fed APWP chevon was higher ( P < 0.05) than those fed other dietary treatments. At week 12, the APL and APWP rats had higher ( P < 0.05) plasma HDL-cholesterol than the chow powder and AP0 rats. At week 12, plasma LDL-cholesterol in rats fed AP0 meat was higher ( P < 0.05) than those fed other dietary treatments. At week 6, the APL and APWP rats had lower ( P <0.05) triglycerides than the chow powder and AP0 rats. At week 12, the plasma triglycerides in rats fed chow powder was higher ( P < 0.05) than those of rats fed other dietary treatments. Dietary APL and APWP chevon can modulate serum lipid profile in rats. Keywords: Andrographis paniculata , Chevon, Serum, Cholesterol, Fatty acid, Rats

Comparative Evaluation of Serum Lipid Profile in Patients with Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with that of Control Subjects: A Case Control Study.

Aim:The aim of the study was to evaluate the serum lipid profile among untreated oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients.Materials and Methods:This study was done in three groups of patients - OSMF, OSCC, and control. There are twenty participants in each group. Calorimetric method using semi-autoanalyzer was used for analyzing the lipid levels (cholesterol, triglycerides [TGL], and high-density lipids [HDL]) after collecting 2 ml of fasting blood from these patients. Low-density lipid [LDL] values were obtained by calculator method.Results:There was a significant decrease in serum lipid levels of patients with OSMF and OSCC.Conclusion:The decrease in lipid levels in OSMF and OSCC patients is due to its utilization by the cells during the cancer process.

&lt;b&gt;Coconut oil increases HDL-c and decreases triglycerides in wistar rats

Changes in body composition and serum lipid profile in rats, supplemented with coconut oil, are evaluated and compared to other lipid sources. Female Wistar rats received by gavage 1 mL kg -1 of saline, soybean oil, lard or coconut oil during 21 days. At the end of the study period, body composition, food intake, feces, urine, organ weight and serum lipid profile were assessed. No statistical differences between the groups were found in body composition, food intake, fecal and urinary analysis, and organ weight. In the case or plasma lipid concentrations, coconut oil and lard raised total cholesterol levels, without changes in LDL levels. On the other hand there was no change in total cholesterol levels in the soybean oil group. HDL fraction increased in all groups when compared to that in the saline group; this increase was more significant in the coconut oil group. There was significant reduction of serum triglycerides only in the coconut oil group when compared to the saline group. Supplementation with coconut oil did not interfere in weight and body composition of the animals used in current study, but revealed significant effect on the increase of HDL-c levels and decrease of serum triglycerides.

Impact of Chickpea‐ and Raw Plantain‐Based Gluten‐Free Snacks on Weight Gain, Serum Lipid Profile, and Insulin Resistance of Rats Fed with a High‐Fructose Diet

Two gluten‐free snacks containing chickpea, plantain, and maize flours at different concentrations were prepared. The impact of chickpea or plantain flour level on weight gain, insulin resistance, and serum lipid profile of rats fed a high‐fructose diet was evaluated. A dose of 0.93 g/kg was used in the experiments to simulate the snack consumption level by humans (average content of a small package, which is twice the portion recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture). Compared with a high‐fructose reference diet, consumption of both snacks decreased weight gain, fasting serum glucose, and triglycerides. The effect was more pronounced for snack B, with higher chickpea content. Consumption of these snacks may also have beneficial effects against obesity and cardiometabolic complications. Chickpea flour is a promising functional ingredient for the development of antiobesity foods.

Evaluation of serum lipid profile, body mass index, and waistline in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

ObjectivePeople with type 2 diabetes are at an increased risk of hypertension, arteriosclerosis, heart disease, and stroke. Glucose intolerance (insulin resistance) is the main feature of type 2 diabetes. Obesity leads to insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, etc. The aim of this study was to assess the biochemical parameters and measures of obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 2,273 males and 6,547 females previously healthy volunteers (aged 41–95 years old) were recruited by open invitation. The basic information, including age, sex, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waistline, hipline, menstrual cycle, and medical history, was collected by questionnaire survey and physical examination. Serum lipid profile, liver transaminase, blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c were obtained after 12 hours of fasting.ResultsAccording to our results, diabetic patients presented serum lipid abnormality. Elevated triglyceride (TG) levels (≥1.7 mmol/L) were noted in 19.69% of males and 20.40% of females, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (≤1.15 mmol/L) were noted in 21.96% of males and 15.74% of females. The combination of elevated TG and reduced HDL-C was the most prevalent of the combined lipid abnormalities. In contrast, no differences were observed in the levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in the levels of BMI and waistline between T2DM and non-T2DM participants. After adjustment for BMI, logistic regression analysis revealed that the subjects with BMI ≤20 kg/m2 and >30 kg/m2 had a significantly elevated hazard ratio of T2DM compared with participants having a BMI range of 20–30 kg/m2 in both males and females. However, there was a significant difference between T2DM patients and non-T2DM patients in waistline (χ2=8.57, P<0.001) than in BMI parameter (χ2=6.29, P<0.001).ConclusionThe present study shows for the first time that low levels of HDL-C, high levels of TG, and abnormal levels in BMI and waistline increase the risk of type 2 T2DM in Chinese people.

Cardiovascular Protective Effects Of Standardized Extracts And Isolated Compounds Of Selected Medicinal Plants From The Tropical Rainforest

Compounds with diverse chemical structures including phenols, xanthones, prenylflavonoids, benzophenones, alkaloids and triterpenoids, isolated from several Malaysian plants, were investigated to discover leads for development of new cardiovascular protective agents. The compounds were tested for their ability to inhibit platelet aggregation in human whole blood using an electrical impedance method and their ability to inhibit human LDL oxidation using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Standardized extracts of several plants were evaluated for their cardiovascular protective effects against isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction (MI) in rats and effects on serum lipid profiles of rats fed with high cholesterol diet (HCD) and their platelet-mediated antithrombotic effects. Among the compounds tested, xanthones from Guttiferae species showed strong inhibitory activities against platelet aggregation and LDL peroxidation. 2-(3-Methylbut-2-enyl)-1,3,5,-trihydroxyxanthone and 2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone showed strong inhibition on platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), macluraxanthone and 1, 7 dihydroxyxanthone showed significant and selective inhibitory activity against ADP-induced aggregation while rubraxanthone showed inhibitory activity against aggregation caused by all three inducers [1]. Recently we reported the isolation of a new xanthone, 1, 3, 6-trihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-(3′-methyl-2′-oxo-but-3′-enyl) xanthone and 1, 3, 5, 7-tetrahydroxyxanthone from Garcinia cantleyana var. cantleyana, with strong ability to inhibit LDL oxidation [2]. The standardized extracts of Zingiber officinale, Curcuma domestica and Labisia pumila var alata significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL levels and helped in improving high density lipoprotein (HDL) and oxidase enzymes levels on HCD rats in a dose-dependent way. The extracts also exhibited protective effects on biochemical and histopathological alterations of the cardiac muscle cells in Isoproterenol-induced MI rats [3, 4].

Effect of Coconut Kernel Residues on Serum Lipid Concentrations of Rats

The coconut kernel residues are underutilized by products in coconut milk and coconut oil industries. The residue from coconut milk (MR) and virgin coconut milk (VOR) can be used effectively for human consumption. Therefore, studying its nutritional effects on serum lipid profile is very important to promote for human consumption. The objective of this study was to determine the nutritional effect of VOR and MR incorporated diets on serum lipid profile of rats. The experimental diet was prepared by incorporating 10% or 20% VOR or 10% or 20% MR. The control diet did not include VOR or MR. The blood samples were drawn at base level and thereafter at 30 days intervals. The initial concentrations were compared with the concentrations at each days using unpaired t test for testing significant differences (p=0.05). The increase of serum TC concentration of rats fed with 10 and 20% MR and 20% VOR was19%, 17% and 16% respectively while the increase shown by control group and 10% VOR group was 20% and 22% respectively at 120 days although there is no significant change. Significant increase in serum HDL-C was shown by rats fed with 20% VOR in 30 days. Triacylglyceride, TAG, concentrations of rats fed with 20% VOR significantly decreased significantly by 22% in 120 days while the control group increased significantly by 31%. However, 10% VOR and 20% MR fed group showed insignificant decrease in serum TAG. This study reveals that VOR and MR can potentially decrease the serum level of TC and TAGs in human.

Protective Effect of Linseed Oil and Walnuts against Hypercholesterolemia Induced by Atherogenic Diet in Rats

Hypercholesterolemia is the most common pathologic process underlying atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Alpha–linolenic acid (ALA) is believed to benefit the cardiovascular system. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different levels of dietary ALA from linseed oil and walnut on serum lipid profile of rats fed on atherogenic diet (AD). Sixty male Sprague- Dawley rats weighed 121.3±10.6 g were divided into six groups. Rats were fed for 10 weeks on rodent diets contained 2% cholesterol , 3% corn oil and 20% fat whose source was from either palm stearin (saturated fat), corn oil, linseed oil or walnut at different levels of ALA that ranged from zero to 9.71%. Weight gain, liver weight, serum lipid profile and liver function parameters were determined. AD based on saturated fat resulted in significant alterations in serum lipids, increase in body weight gain and relative liver weight accompanied by negative effect on liver function parameters. Dietary ALA could counteract the detrimental effects brought about by the AD. The overall beneficial effects provided by high level of ALA were better than those given by low levels of ALA. Linseed oil exerted a hypolipidemic effect and could be considered as a promising functional food in cardiovascular disease.

Study on the effects of consumption of milk containing Artemia urmiana and Lactobacillus acidophilus on serum lipid profiles in rats that fed whit high-fat food

Study on the effects of consumption of milk containing Artemia urmiana and Lactobacillus acidophilus on serum lipid profiles in rats that fed whit high-fat food

Hypolipidaemic and haematological evaluation of the hydromethanolic extract of Ficus glumosa stem bark in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Diabetes mellitus is associated with dyslipidaemia and haematological disorders which lead to cardiovascular complications and anaemia respectively. In this study, hydromethanolic extract of Ficus glumosa was evaluated for its hypolipidaemic and haematological effects in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Treatment was done orally using 62.5, 125 and 250 mg/kg of F. glumosa extract (FGE) with glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) as standard reference drug for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, blood collected through direct heart puncture was used for evaluation of serum lipid profile and determination of haematological parameters. Organosomatic index evaluation of the liver, spleen and kidney was also done using standard procedures. All doses of the extract and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) caused dose-dependent and significant (p<0.05) reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) of the treated rats when compared with the control group. The extract and glibenclamide produced significant (p<0.05) increase in the serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the treated rats. The extract (62.5 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) caused a significant (p<0.05) increase in red blood cell (RBC), haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in the treated rats when compared to the negative control group. However, FGE (62.5 mg/kg) and glibenclamide (2 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) decrease in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) value of the treated rats. FGE (125 and 250 mg/kg) produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in the organosomatic index of kidney in treated rats. The results suggest that F. glumosa may be of help in diabetes-induced anaemia and dyslipidaemia associated with diabetes mellitus.

A High-Fat Diet Differentially Affects the Gut Metabolism and Blood Lipids of Rats Depending on the Type of Dietary Fat and Carbohydrate

The aim of this model study was to investigate how selected gut functions and serum lipid profile in rats on high-fat diets differed according to the type of fat (saturated vs. unsaturated) and carbohydrate (simple vs. complex). The experiment was conducted using 32 male Wistar rats distributed into 4 groups of 8 animals each. For 4 weeks, the animals were fed group-specific diets that were either rich in lard or soybean oil (16% of the diet) as the source of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids, respectively; further, each lard- and soybean oil-rich diet contained either fructose or corn starch (45.3% of the diet) as the source of simple or complex carbohydrates, respectively. Both dietary factors contributed to changes in the caecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, especially to the butyrate concentration, which was higher in rats fed lard- and corn starch-rich diets compared to soybean oil- and fructose-rich diets, respectively. The lowest butyrate concentration was observed in rats fed the soybean oil- and fructose-rich diet. On the other hand, the lard- and fructose-rich diet vs. the other dietary combinations significantly increased serum total cholesterol concentration, to more than two times serum triglyceride concentration and to more than five times the atherogenic index. In conclusion, a high-fat diet rich in fructose can unfavorably affect gut metabolism when unsaturated fats are predominant in the diet or the blood lipids when a diet is rich in saturated fats.