Serum Levels Of NF-κB Research Articles

Association Between Dietary Intake After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery and Antioxidant/inflammatory Status: A 6-Month Pilot Prospective Cohort Study.

Adipose tissue can increase levels of inflammation and oxidative stress, which explains the relationship between obesity and many chronic diseases. Weight loss, changes in adipose tissue metabolism, and dietary nutrient intake changes following bariatric surgery could affect a number of oxidative- and inflammation-related factors. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential relationship between dietary intake and inflammatory/antioxidant markers in the 6months following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB). This pilot prospective cohort study included 45 patients with severe obesity who underwent RYGB. The patients were assessed at three different time points: baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-surgery. Throughout the study, dietary intake data, levels of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), NF-κB, and serum levels of certain micronutrients were measured three times. Dietary macro- and micronutrient intake data were obtained three times throughout the study using the 24-h food recall questionnaire. The analysis of dietary indices in the present study found a significant positive correlation between the dietary intake of zinc, copper, MUFA, and serum TAC levels. It also revealed a significant inverse correlation between serum levels of NF-κB with vitamin E and PUFA intake. Additionally, there was a significant positive association between the amount of dietary carbohydrates and saturated fatty acids intake and the levels of NF-κB. Furthermore, within 3 to 6 months after the surgery, patients experienced an increase in serum levels of TAC, ferritin, vitamin D3, vitamin B12, and folate. However, there was a decrease in serum levels of NF-κB, zinc, and copper. Weight loss and nutritional status may potentially impact oxidative stress and inflammation levels within 6months following RYGB surgery. Further research is necessary to comprehensively investigate the different facets of this correlation and elucidate the precise underlying mechanism.

Effects of Combined Live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Bacillus Cereus Tablets on Post-Stroke Depression and Serum Inflammatory Factorse.

Although probiotics have been shown to improve several mental-related diseases, their association with post-stroke depression (PSD) remains unclear. This research aimed to investigate the effect of combined live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Bacillus cereus tablets on PSD and serum inflammatory factors. A total of 400 stroke patients treated from January 2020 to March 2022 in Shuyang Hospital were included and randomly divided into two groups: The observation group (n = 200) and the control group (n = 200). The control group was treated with conventional therapy, while the observation group was given combined live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Bacillus cereus tablets on the basis of conventional therapy. The Hamilton Depression Scale score was used to assess the degree and incidence of depression in the two groups. Recurrence and complications of PSD in stroke patients after treatment were followed up. In addition, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was employed for the detection of serum levels of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and logistics regression analysis was also performed for the correlation between the occurrence of PSD and NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels. The analysis of clinical baseline data showed that the two groups of patients were comparable. After treatment, the Hamilton Depression Scale score in the observation group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05), and the observation group had a lower incidence rate of PSD, follow-up recurrence rate and complications (p < 0.05). In addition, the observation group showed a significant decrease in the serum levels of NF-κB, IL-1β and TNF-α compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Further logistics regression analysis indicated that the levels of NF-κB (OR (odds ratio) = 3.337, p < 0.001), IL-1β (OR = 2.411, p < 0.001) and TNF-α (OR = 1.557, p < 0.001) were risk factors for the development of PSD. Combined live Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus and Bacillus cereus tablets can promote neurological recovery and remission of depression in stroke patients. Such effects may be achieved by regulating the levels of NF-κB, IL-1β and TNF-α.

Curcumenol improves renal function in 5/6 nephrectomy-induced chronic renal failure rats via the SIRT1/NF-κB pathway.

The present work aimed to explore the protective effects of curcumenol and evaluate its pharmacological mechanisms in 5/6 nephrectomy-induced chronic renal failure (CRF). Rats with CRF were administrated curcumenol and the effects on renal functions were investigated. Renal function examinations were carried out, whereas serum levels of inflammatory mediators, including NF-κB, MCP-1 and IL-1β were analyzed by ELISA. The mRNA expression levels of SIRT1, p65 and IκBα were measured by qRT-PCR, and the SIRT1 protein levels were analyzed by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Our results indicated that curcumenol significantly improved the renal functions in the CRF rats. Compared to the sham group, serum levels of NF-κB, MCP-1, IL-1β, and the mRNA expression levels of p65 were significantly increased (p < 0.01), whereas the mRNA expression level of IκBα was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) and the SIRT1 levels were dramatically down-regulated (p < 0.05) in the CRF groups. Treatment with curcumenol remarkably inhibited inflammatory responses as reflected by the reduced levels of inflammatory mediators (p < 0.01) and SIRT1 up-regulation (p < 0.05). Our findings suggested that curcumenol could improve the renal function in 5/6 nephrectomy-induced CRF rats, and the mechanisms might involve suppressing the associated inflammation and modulating the SIRT1 and NF-κB signaling pathways.

Association of NF-κB with Recurrence of Myocardial Infarction- A Study in North Indian Population

Background: Nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-κB) is a decisive transcription factor associated with vascular inflammation which is responsible for plaque destabilization and rupture. Objective: The present study aims to evaluate its levels in patients with recurrent Myocardial Infarction (MI) as compared to controls. Methods: To understand the mechanism of familial susceptibility we decided to study the levels of NF-κB. We enrolled 200 patients after detailed diagnosis, sub-grouping and consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study subjects were segregated into patients without family history and patients having family history of MI. Patients without family history were further sub-grouped into patients who had MI for the first time (n=63) and patients who had recurrentMI (n=37). Also, patients with family history of MI were further sub-grouped into patients who had MI for the first time (n=54) and patients who had recurrent MI (n=46). Serum NF-κB was estimated by ELISA. Results: Study subjects having recurrent episodes of MI had significantly higher level of NF-κB as compared to those who had first episode of MI (p=0.0018). Serum levels of NF-κB were significantly raised in patients with family history having first episode of MI when compared with those patients without family history (p=0.0007). Conclusions: The study suggests that NF-κB activation is pivotal in triggering coronaryinstability and causing recurrence in patients with previous history of unstable angina. Furthermore, family history can increase the susceptibility to increased CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) risk due to raised NF-κB levels in these patients as compared to those without family history.

The Beneficial Effect of Boswellic Acid on Bone Metabolism and Possible Mechanisms of Action in Experimental Osteoporosis.

Estrogen is instrumental in the pathological process of osteoporosis because a deficiency of this hormone increases the release of bone-resorbing cytokines. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), a constituent from Boswellia serrata, has an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, which leads to a decline in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) ligand, and consequently, a reduction in osteoclast activity. Hence, AKBA may be beneficial against bone loss during osteoporosis. Therefore, the current study intended to evaluate the beneficial effects of AKBA in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis and to investigate its mechanism of action. Sham-operation or ovariectomy female Sprague Dawley rats were used for evaluating the antiosteoporotic effect of AKBA in this study. AKBA (35 mg/kg, p.o.) and estradiol (0.05 mg/kg, i.m.) were administered for 42 days. At the end of the experiment, body and uterus weights, serum and urine calcium and phosphorus, serum alkaline phosphatase, and urinary creatinine levels, besides serum levels of NF-κB and TNF-α were determined. Weight, length, thickness, hardness, calcium content, as well as the bone mineral density of femur bone and lumbar vertebra were measured. A histopathological examination was also carried out. AKBA ameliorated all tested parameters and restored a normal histological structure. Thus, AKBA showed good antiosteoporotic activity, which may be mediated through its suppression of the NF-κB-induced TNF-α signaling pathway.

Serum LINC00305 expression and its genetic variant rs2850711 are associated with clinical and laboratory features of rheumatoid arthritis

ABSTRACT Background Long intergenic non-protein coding (lnc) RNA 00305 (LINC00305) is a pro-inflammatory atherosclerosis-associated lncRNA. We hypothesised that LINC00305 expression and its variant rs2850711 (A/T) are implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and linked with clinical and routine laboratory markers. Methods 100 RA patients and 100 healthy controls were recruited. LINC00305 genotyping and expression were performed using allelic-discrimination PCR and quantitative real-time PCR. LINC00305 diagnostic power was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Serum nuclear factor- κB (NF-κB) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) levels were determined by ELISA, standard laboratory markers by routine methods. Results LINC00305 expression was significantly increased in RA patients and positively correlated with DAS28, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody. In multivariate analysis, NF-κB, MMP-3 and LINC00305 were significant predictors of RA (P< 0.0001). Individuals carrying AT and TT genotypes of rs2850711 polymorphism had significantly more likely to have RA than AA genotype carriers (P< 0.05). LINC00305 expression, DAS28 score and serum levels of NF-κB and MMP-3 were significantly increased in the patients carrying LINC00305 AT and TT genotypes as compared with AA genotype patients (P< 0.01). Conclusion Increased expression level of LINC00305 and its rs2850711 genetic variant may play a role in the diagnosis and management of RA, and its severity and activity.

Intrarectally administered polaprezinc attenuates the development of dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

Polaprezinc (PZ), a chelate of zinc and L-carnosine, has been widely used in the treatment of gastric ulcers since 1994. In recent years, researchers have found PZ to have a beneficial effect on various experimentally induced models of colitis in mice. In the present study, 6% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) was used to induce a model of ulcerative colitis (UC) in Institute of Cancer Research mice. The therapeutic effect and mechanism of PZ action in a model of UC was studied in order to provide an experimental basis for the clinical application of PZ in UC treatment. The effect of PZ on UC was evaluated in five groups of mice: A vehicle control only group, a DSS model control group (DSS, 6%), a validated treatment control group (DSS 6% + Mesalamine), a low-dose PZ treatment group (DSS 6% + PZ 60 mg/kg) and a high-dose PZ group (DSS 6% + PZ 120 mg/kg). After the animals were sacrificed, blood was collected and the serum levels of NF-κB and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured. Changes in histology were observed by light microscopy. The protein levels of AKT, phosphorylated AKT and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) were determined by western blot analysis. The results suggested that PZ reduced the DSS-induced increase in the inflammatory proteins TNF-α and NF-κB in the UC model. The high-dose of PZ also increased the HSP70 protein level, inhibited AKT phosphorylation in a DSS-induced UC animal model, and decreased white blood cell and neutrophil % counts compared to levels in an untreated DSS control group. Histopathology indicated that the mice of the DSS model group had irregular colonic villi, a large number of inflammatory cells and mucosal damage, whereas mice of the group treated with PZ had small intestinal villus morphology and their villi showed signs of recovery from the damage of UC. The results of the present study indicated that PZ significantly alleviates DSS-induced UC in mice, relieves diarrhea, and inhibits the phosphorylation of inflammatory factors and the inflammatory AKT signaling pathway.

BRAF V600E and RET/PTC Promote the Activity of Nuclear Factor-κB, Inflammatory Mediators, and Lymph Node Metastasis in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Study of 50 Patients in Inner Mongolia.

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the BRAF V600E gene mutation and the RET/PTC gene rearrangement in the progression of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in 50 patients from Inner Mongolia.Material/MethodsClinical data, blood, and tissue samples were obtained from 50 patients with PTC and ten patients with benign thyroid adenoma. Expression of BRAF V600E, RET/PTC, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)1, CXCL2, C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL)2, and CCL3 were measured using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunohistochemistry, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsOf the 50 patients with PTC, 37 patients expressed the BRAF V600E gene mutation, eight patients expressed RET/PTC, and five patients showed concomitant BRAF V600E and RET/PTC. Time to recurrence for patients with PTC with BRAF V600E was significantly increased compared with patients with concomitant BRAF V600E mutation and RET/PTC rearrangement (P<0.05). Expression of BRAF V600E, RET/PTC, and concomitant expression of BRAF V600E and RET/PTC were significantly associated with patient age and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Serum levels of NF-κB, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β and CCL3, and tumor tissue levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, TGF-β, CXCL2 and CCL2 in patients with PTC were significantly increased compared with patients with benign thyroid adenoma, before and after surgery (P<0.05).ConclusionsExpression of the BRAF V600E mutation and RET/PTC translocation promoted the activity of NF-κB, expression of inflammatory mediators, and lymph node metastases in patients with PTC.

Biomarkers of chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea: a clinical study of intestinal microbiome alterations, inflammation and circulating matrix metalloproteinases

A common side effect of chemotherapy treatment is diarrhoea. Unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms of chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea (CD) are poorly understood. We aimed to determine if faecal microbes of CD patients were displaced, if faecal calprotectin increased during CD and if there were alterations in circulating matrix metalloproteinases, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), IL-1β and TNF. Twenty-six cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were enrolled and requested to provide stool samples and blood samples at various times during their chemotherapy cycle. Stool samples were analysed using conventional culture techniques and qRT-PCR. ELISA kits determined faecal calprotectin levels, levels of circulating matrix metalloproteinases and circulating NF-κB, IL-1β and TNF. The majority of patients with CD showed decreases in Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Bacteroides spp. and Enterococcus spp. Increases were observed in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. Methanogenic archaea were also quantified, with all patients except one showing a decrease. Faecal calprotectin levels were increased in 81.25 % of patients with CD. Circulating MMP-3 and MMP-9 significantly increased following chemotherapy. Circulating levels of NF-κB, IL-1β and TNF were increased following chemotherapy, although this did not reach significance. We demonstrated that CD is associated with marked changes in intestinal microflora, methanogenic archaea, matrix metalloproteinase and serum levels of NF-κB, IL-1β and TNF. These changes may result in diminished bacterial functions within the gut, altering gut function and initiating intestinal damage, resulting in the onset of diarrhoea. More importantly, these changes may provide clinicians with a possible new target for biomarkers of toxicity.

Serum levels of NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines following administration of mucotoxic drugs

Introduction:Alimentary tract (AT) mucositis is a serious complication of cancer treatment. Determining changes that occur in the AT can be difficult as invasive procedures are usually contraindicated in these patients. Changes in tissue levels of the transcription factor NF-κB and pro-inflammatory cytokines have been demonstrated. The aims of this study were to determine whether changes in serum levels of NF-κB, TNF, IL-1β and IL-6 following administration of different drugs predicted histological evidence of tissue damage.Materials and Methods:Female DA rats (n=243) were given a single dose of irinotecan (200mg/kg intraperitoneally), methotrexate (1.5mg/kg intramuscularly) or 5-fluorouracil (150mg/kg intraperitoneally) and killed 30, 60, 90 minutes, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48 or 72 hours later. Control rats received no treatment. Blood samples were taken via cardiac puncture and centrifuged at 5000 rpm to collect serum. Serum levels of NF-κB, and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Results:Changes in serum levels of NF-κB, TNF, IL-1β and IL-6 were observed following administration of each drug. These changes differed according to the drug administered. In most instances, peaks in serum levels occurred following initial histological changes, Although following MTX administration, serum IL-1β peaked before histological changes and following 5-FU administration, serum NF-κB, TNF, IL-1β and IL-6 all peaked before histological evidence of tissue damage.