Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Levels Research Articles

Resveratrol prevents high-calorie diet-induced learning and memory dysfunction in juvenile C57BL/6J mice

ABSTRACTObjective: Because resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to improve learning and memory, so we investigated the potential benefit of RSV on learning and memory deficits in juvenile mice fed with a HC diet and explored the molecular mechanisms underlying this process.Methods: Six-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into three different diet groups: control, HC diet, and HC + RSV diet. Serum insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Protein expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and western blotting.Results: Administration of RSV daily (30 mg/kg) prevented the HC diet-induced increase in juvenile animal body weight but did not improve any other physiological conditions, including fasting blood glucose and serum cholesterol, triglyceride, insulin, and IGF-1 levels. However, RSV did prevent learning and memory deficits in the HC group. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) was downregulated in the CA1 region of the hippocampus in both the HC and HC + RSV groups, but the reduction was significantly greater in the HC + RSV group (P < .01 compared with the HC group). Moreover, although the HC diet reduced the number of p16-positive neurons, the HC + RSV diet significantly upregulated p16 expression in the CA1 region of the hippocampus (P < .01 compared with the HC group).Conclusions: RSV protected against learning and memory impairments in juvenile animals fed with a HC diet, possibly via upregulation of p16 or downregulation of PPARγ in the hippocampal CA1 region.

Decreased Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Levels Are Associated with Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction in Small for Gestational Age Infants

To evaluate the impact of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) levels on cardiac function in small for gestational age (SGA) infants. This is a prospective, observational study. Serum IGF-1 levels at birth and echocardiography measurements at 1 week of age were compared between SGA and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants. Thirty-one SGA infants and 27 AGA infants were enrolled. Serum IGF-1 levels were lower in the SGA infants than in the AGA infants. SGA infants had lower mitral lateral annular systolic (S') and early diastolic (E') tissue Doppler imaging velocities compared with AGA infants (S', 5.1 ± 0.9 vs 5.7 ± 1.2 cm/s; E', 6.1 ± 1.5 cm/s vs 7.1 ± 1.3 cm/s; p < 0.05). Serum IGF-1 levels positively correlated with E' velocity in the entire population (r = 0.44, p < 0.001) and in SGA infants (r = 0.39, p < 0.05). In multivariate linear regression analysis, serum IGF-1 and S' velocity were independently associated with E' velocity in the entire population and in SGA infants. Decreased serum IGF-I levels could account for cardiac diastolic dysfunction in SGA infants.

Expression and significance of serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome

Objective:To investigate the expression and significance of serum insulinlike growth factor-1(IGF-1) in adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Method:One hundred and seven patients of OSAHS diagnosed with PSG were included in the observation group，which were divided into heavy, medium and light group according to AHI.Fifty case of healthy people without OSAHS were included in control group.Serum IGF-1 were measured by ELISA. Thirty patients of heavy OSAHS received surgery and CPAP treatment for three months,and were retested the levels of IGF-1 and PSG six months later.Result:①With the increase of OSAHS severity, the levels of serum IGF-1 were gradually decreased (F=37.732,P<0.01). There was no significant difference between mild group and healthy people (P>0.05), while there was significant differences between the remaining groups (P<0.01). ②Serum IGF-1 level has no correlation with BMI and age in OSAHS patients(P>0.05), and negatively correlated with LSaO₂,and positively correlated with AHI (P<0.01). ③Serum IGF-1 level［(46.56±3.74)μg/L］ increased slightly compared with those before treatment［(42.79±4.87）μg/L］ in 30 severe patients after treatment with 3 months CPAP and regimen (P<0.01). Serum IGF-1 level［(56.61±5.46)μg/L］ increased significantly after treatment for six months; AHI level (18.72±7.36) was significantly lower than that before treatment (48.77±10.51), and LSaO₂［(87.42±8.61)%］ increased significantly than that before treatment［(68.33±10.24)%］.Conclusion:OSAHS patients with decreased serum IGF-1 level may be associated with concurrent insulin resistance. Surgery combined with more than half a year of CPAP treatment can significantly reduce AHI, improve the level of LSaO₂ and serum IGF-1. Serum IGF-1 levels could be used as a monitor of efficacy evaluation.

Preoperative Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Level as a Prognostic Factor in Patients Undergoing Hepatic Resection for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

In this study, preoperative serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were determined in 216 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent hepatic resection to investigate a possible contribution of IGF-1 to the increased risk for HCC recurrence and mortality. During January 2010 and December 2013, 216 HCC patients receiving hepatectomy were recruited. The primary endpoint was the HCC recurrences within the 3-year follow-up. The secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The multivariate analyses with Cox regression model were applied to explore the clinical significance of IGF-1 serum levels and associated parameters on death and recurrence of HCC patients. The IGF-1 levels of included patients were determined, with a median value of 75.5 ng/mL (IQR, 40.3-93.0 ng/mL). The preoperative serum level of IGF-1 was negatively correlated with tumor size, Child-Pugh class, or tumor stage (P < 0.001 for all). In multivariate models comparing the first, second, and third quartiles with the fourth quartile of IGF-1, the levels of IGF-1 in Q1 and Q2 were associated with HCC recurrence, with an increased risk of 216% [hazard ratios (HR) = 3.16 (95% CI: 1.79-4.28)] and 106% [3.02 (1.36-3.11)]. Similarly, concentrations of IGF-1 in Q1 and Q2 were also related to all-cause mortality, with an increased recurrence risk of 238% [HR = 3.38 (95% CI: 1.85-4.36)] and 117% [3.02 (1.40-3.21)], respectively. Poor prognosis in HCC patients receiving hepatectomy could be indicated by low preoperative serum levels of IGF-1, which would be applied as a predictor.

Does IGF-1 play a role in the etiopathogenesis of non-functioning adrenocortical adenoma?

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) with the pathogenesis of non-functioning adrenocortical adenomas (NFAs). This study included 50 female patients (mean age 54years) with NFAs, 55 patients (mean age 48years; 20 male, 35 female) with acromegaly and 38 female control subjects (mean age 58years). Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) of the subjects were recorded and blood samples for IGF-1 were taken. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) score. Since most of the acromegaly patients had been using medicine that could have effected insulin resistance, HOMA scores were calculated only in patients with NFAs and the controls. Computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging was taken of the acromegalics and controls to detect adrenal mass frequency. The mean age was similar among the groups. As expected, the serum IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with acromegaly than in patients with NFAs and the controls (p < 0.001). Although BMI, WC, and serum IGF-1 levels were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in patients with NFAs, the HOMA scores were similar between patients with NFAs and control groups. Although none of the control subjects had adrenal masses, NFAs were detected in 14 (25%) out of 55 acromegalic patients. Higher serum IGF-1 levels in patients with NFAs compared to the control group and an increased prevalence of NFAs in acromegaly patients compared to control subjects and the general population suggest an association of IGF-1 with the etiopathogenesis of NFA.

Changes of insulin-like growth factor 1 axis in chronic kidney disease and its role in skeletal muscle atrophy

Objective: To investigate the changes of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its role in skeletal muscle atrophy. Methods: A total of 240 patients with CKD stage 1-5 (without dialysis treatment) were included between August 2016 and February 2017. Serum IGF-1 and IGF-1 binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were measured using chemiluminescence, and the influencing factors of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were analyzed. Besides, male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were randomly assigned to the sham-operated control group (Control, n=15) and the 5/6 nephrectomy group (n=15) as CKD animal model. The expressions of local IGF-1 and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) of skeletal muscles were evaluated at the level of transcription and protein by real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results: There was no significant correlation between changes of serum IGF-1 level and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (r=-0.066, P=0.307). However, after multivariable adjustment, serum IGFBP-3 increased with decreasing of eGFR (r=-0.181, P=0.005) in adult CKD patients. In multivariate analysis, age, eGFR, serum cholesterol level and 24 h urinary protein quantification were independent factors of serum IGFBP-3 in patients with CKD (R2=0.243, P<0.001). Animal experiments showed that the expression of IGF-1 mRNA and protein decreased in skeletal muscles of CKD rats. Expressions of IGF-1R mRNA and protein were slightly reduced and phosphorylation of IGF-1R was severely impaired in skeletal muscles of CKD rats. Conclusions: IGF-1 levels seem to be independent of renal function, but IGFBP-3 levels increased with decreasing of eGFR, which may cause a low affinity of IGF-1 with IGF-1R in skeletal muscles. Low affinity of IGF-1 with IGF-1R, as well as the decreasing of IGF-1 synthesis could lead to disorders of IGF-1R phosphorylation, and thus cause atrophy of skeletal muscles.

Effect of cerebrospinal fluid drainage after aneurysm clipping on hydrocephalus, cerebral vasospasm and serum IGF-1, sVCAM-1

Objective To investigate the value of cerebrospinal fluid drainage after aneurysm clipping in patients with intracranial aneurysm complicated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods 84 intracranial aneurysms patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage were selected, and they were randomly divided into study group (n=42) and control group (n=42). The control group used simple suture after aneurysm clipping, the study group was given lumbar cistern drainage by implementation of the dural suture tube after aneurysm clipping.Before and after hydrocephalus and cerebral vasospasm, treatment changes of serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) levels were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence rate of hydrocephalus of the study gruop was 4.8%, which was significantly lower than the 14.3% of the control group (χ2=9.743, P 0.05). The serum levels of IGF-1 and sVCAM-1 between the two groups had no statistically significant differences before operation (t=0.417, 0.603, all P>0.05). At the 8th day after operation, the serum levels of sVCAM-1 and IGF-1 of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group (t=7.335, 6.856, all P<0.05). Conclusion After aneurysm clipping, the lumbar cistern drainage tube drainage is beneficial to reduce hydrocephalus and cerebral vasospasm incidence, inhibit the expression of serum IGF-1, sVCAM-1, with less adverse reactions, it is worthy of application. Key words: Aneurysm clipping; Subarachnoid hemorrhage; Cerebrospinal fluid drainage; Hydrocephalus; Cerebral vasospasm

Effects of Moxibustion on the Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1

Moxibustion (艾灸) is a traditional Chinese medicine therapy performed using Artemisia argyii. Zusanli (足三里, ST36) is an acupoint in the stomach meridian, long associated in ancient Chinese medical practices with the extension of life span when moxibustion is applied to it. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels after application of moxibustion to ST36. Four healthy men and women participated in this 28-day trial and were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A received moxibustion treatment from days 1 to 14, while group B received moxibustion treatment from days 15 to 28. Blood samples were taken 5 times during this study to measure serum IGF-1 (s-IGF-1) levels. The s-IGF-1 levels increased in both groups after 7 and 14 d of moxibustion therapy (group A: 11.02% [7 d] and 29.65% [14 d]; group B: 169.12% [7 d] and 274.85% [14 d]). After moxibustion therapy had been completed (day 14), s-IGF-1 levels continued to increase in group A (increases on day 21 and day 28 were 53.19% and 61.45%, respectively). There were no adverse events in either group. The s-IGF-1 levels were significantly raised in both groups after 7 and 14 d of moxibustion therapy. Moreover, once therapy had been completed, s-IGF-1 levels continued to increase in group A up to 14 d after the treatment.

Association of insulin-like growth factor-1 and IGF binding protein-3 with 25-hydroxy vitamin D in pre-pubertal and adolescent Indian girls.

There is a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) in India. Molecular mechanisms suggest a strong relationship between vitamin D and growth factors. However, there is a paucity of literature with regard to a relationship between insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) and vitamin D particularly in subjects with VDD. The objective of the study was to assess the relationship between growth factors and serum vitamin D-parathormone (PTH) status in school girls and study the impact of vitamin D supplementation on growth factors in pre-pubertal girls with VDD. Our study subjects were apparently healthy school girls aged 6-18 years. The baseline height, weight, body mass index (BMI), pubertal status, serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD), PTH, IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were assessed in 847 girls aged 6-18 years and in 190 pre-pubertal girls with VDD following supplementation. The mean age, BMI and serum 25OHD of girls were 11.5±3.2 years, 18.7±4.8 kg/m2 and 9.9±5.6 ng/mL, respectively. VDD was observed in 94.6% of girls. Unadjusted serum IGF-1 levels and IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio were significantly higher in girls with severe VDD as compared to girls with mild-to-moderate VDD. However, these differences disappeared when adjusted for age, height or sexual maturation. The serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels increased significantly post supplementation with vitamin D. There were no differences in serum IGF-1 levels and the IGF-1/IGFBP-3 molar ratio among VDD categories when adjusted for age, height and sexual maturation in girls. Vitamin D supplementation resulted in a significant increase in serum IGF-1 levels in VDD pre-pubertal girls.

Comparative analysis of serum and tumor vascular endothelial growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, matrix metalloproteinase 7 levels in patients with ovarian cancer

Aim: To perform a comparative analysis with simultaneous measurement of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) in serum samples taken from healthy women and ovarian cancer patients; to perform association of these markers with their expression in primary tumors depending on clinical, morphological and biochemical characteristics of the disease and its prognosis. Materials and methods: We assessed 54 treatment-naive patients with ovarian cancer aged from 23 to 74 years (mean ± SD, 53.2 ± 1.9), being at various FIGO stages of the disease. The control group consisted of 120 healthy women of matched age and reproductive status, in whom serum biomarker levels were studied. Patient survival was assessed by the Kaplan-Meier method, with survival curves compared with log-rank test. All analyses were done with “STATISTICA” and SPSS software. Results: Serum VEGF levels in ovarian cancer patients were significantly (p 505 pg/ml (upper quartile in the control). With 505 pg/ml taken as a threshold, the test had sensitivity of 79.6% and specificity of 75%. Another cut-off value of serum VEGF level between the patients with ovarian cancer and the control group (510 pg/ml) was derived from ROC curves and 75% sensitivity and 78.2% specificity. No acceptable cut-off value for serum IGF1 to differentiate between the patients with ovarian cancer and the controls could be obtained from the ROC curves. Serum MMP7 levels in the patients with ovarian cancer were significantly higher than those in the control group (Mann-Whitney test p < 0.0001). With ROC curves, the best sensitivity to specificity ratio for MMP7 value of 4.6 ng/ml was obtained to differentiate between the patients with ovarian cancer and the controls (sensitivity 83.3%, and specificity 81%). The variance analysis did not reveal any association between serum VEGF, IGF1 and MMP7 and age of patients with ovarian cancer, tumor histology, concomitant somatic and gynecological diseases, and CA-125 levels. Serum VEGF and IGF1 levels did not correlate with the stage of ovarian cancer, in contrast to MMP7, whose levels were significantly higher in stages IIIc–IV. The median VEGF level significantly increased as the degree of differentiation decreased from 510 to 622 pg/ml (p < 0.002), while median IGF1, on the contrary, decreased from 219 to 116 pg/ml (p < 0.0001). There was a direct correlation between serum and tumor VEGF levels in ovarian cancer patients (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001). On the contrary, there was an inverse correlation between serum and tumor IGF1 levels (r = -0.68, p < 0.0001). Serum and tumor MMP7 levels remained unrelated to each other. Tumor VEGF, IGF1 and MMP7 content was unrelated to the age of the patients, their reproductive status, presence of concomitant somatic and gynecological diseases, histology of ovarian cancer, and serum CA-125 levels. VEGF levels in the tumor were not associated with the stage of ovarian cancer, but in patients with initial stages Ia and Ib stages MMP7 values significantly lower (2.1 ng/mg protein) compared to those in stages IIIc and IV (6.1 and 4.7 ng/mg protein, respectively, p < 0.05). Similar pattern was noted for IGF1: tumor IGF1 values in the patients with stages Ia–Ib were significantly lower (0.5 ng/mg protein) than those with stages IIIc–IV (median, 1.3–1.4 ng/mg protein). A significant increase in both serum and tumor VEGF levels was detected in the patients with ovarian cancer with decreased degree of differentiation. On the contrary, tumor IGF1 levels, but not serum ones, were significantly increased from 0.6 to 1.4 ng/ml in the patients with poorly differentiated ovarian cancer. MMP7 tumor expression did not depend on the degree of its differentiation. Serum VEGF levels above 700 pg/ml and tumor levels of above 590 ng/mg protein should be considered as unfavorable prognostic factors in patients with ovarian cancer.

Effect of recombinant human growth hormone on rotator cuff healing after arthroscopic repair: preliminary result of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label blinded end point clinical exploratory trial

This study evaluated the effect of systemic injection of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) on outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. This multicenter, prospective, randomized, comparative trial, randomized patients who underwent arthroscopic repair of large-sized rotator cuff tears into 3 groups: rhGH 4 mg group (n = 26), rhGH 8 mg group (n = 24) , and control group (n = 26). Sustained release rhGH was injected subcutaneously once weekly for 3 months postoperatively. The healing failure rate (primary end point), fatty infiltration, and atrophy of the supraspinatus muscle, and functional scores (Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons scores) were evaluated at 6 months. Range of motion, pain visual analog scale, and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 level were measured at each follow-up. The healing failure rate was similar between groups (rhGH 4 mg group, 30.8%; rhGH 8 mg group, 16.7%; and control group, 34.6%; all P > .05) The proportion of severe fatty infiltration (Goutallier grade ≥3) was 20.8% in the rhGH 8 mg group, 23.1% in the rhGH 4 mg group, and 34.6% in the control group (P > .05). Functional outcomes, range of motion, and pain visual analog scale were similar between groups (all P > .05). The rhGH 8 mg group showed more increased peak insulin-like growth factor-1 level (279.43 ng/mL) than the rhGH 4 mg group ((196.82 ng/mL) and control group (186.31 ng/mL), which was not statistically different (all P > .05). No rhGH injection-related major safety issues occurred. This preliminary study showed no statistically significant improvement in healing or outcomes related to the treatment of rhGH after rotator cuff repair. However, further study with more enrolled patients after resetting the rhGH dose or daily administration protocol would be mandatory.

Gender-Dependent Growth and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Responses to Growth Hormone Therapy in Prepubertal Growth Hormone-Deficient Children.

Gender seems to be an important factor influencing the response to recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) therapy in GH-deficient adolescents and adults. The results of studies evaluating gender-specific response to rhGH therapy in prepubertal GH-deficient children are divergent. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of gender on the growth and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) responses in 75 prepubertal GH-deficient children during the first 2 years of rhGH therapy. There were no baseline gender differences in age, bone age, anthropometrical parameters, and IGF-1 SDS for bone age. After the initiation of rhGH therapy, there were no gender-specific differences concerning the reduction of height deficit. Serum IGF-1 levels were higher in the prepubertal GH-deficient girls than in the age-matched boys, but the difference was not significant when expressed as IGF-1 SDS for bone age. The increase in IGF-1 SDS for bone age was significantly greater in girls versus boys after the first 6 months of therapy, comparable between girls and boys after the first year of therapy, and tended to be higher in boys after the second year of therapy. In conclusion, prepubertal GH-deficient girls and boys do not differ significantly in growth response in the first 2 years of rhGH therapy.

Association between Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 and Frailty among Older Adults.

Frailty is a course experienced in advanced aging. Identification of a biological factor associated with frailty is required. Although serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a potential factor related with frailty, consensus has not been reached regarding this relationship. This study aimed to investigate the association between IGF-1 and frailty in older adults. Cross-sectional study. Cohort study that was part of the "National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology - Study of Geriatric Syndromes." The study participants were 4133 older adults (mean age, 71.8 ± 5.4 years). We assessed serum IGF-1 levels and frailty status and collected demographic variables, including cognitive function, as covariates. Frailty and pre-frailty were present in 274 subjects (7%) and 1930 subjects (47%), respectively. Subjects were divided into four groups based on quartiles of IGF-1 levels. Multinomial logistic analysis showed that the lowest group had significant odds of pre-frailty (crude model: odds ratio [OR] 1.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-1.90, p < .001; adjusted model: OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.13-1.68, p = .002) and frailty (crude model: OR 3.42, 95% CI 2.38-4.92, p < .001; adjusted model: OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.02-2.32, p = .039), compared with the highest group. Lower serum IGF-1 levels were independently related with frailty in older adults.

Whole Body Vibration Retards Progression of Atherosclerosis via Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice.

Whole body vibration (WBV) has a marked impact on lipid metabolism and the endocrine system, which is related to the progression of atherosclerosis (AS). To investigate the effects of WBV, we measured the atherosclerotic plaque area of apolipoprotein E-knockout (ApoE−/−) AS mice, which were trained by WBV (15 Hz, 30 min) for 12 weeks. Simultaneously, serum levels of lipids, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and the mRNA and protein levels of the same in the aorta were compared between the control and WBV groups. The results indicated that WBV significantly reduced the atherosclerotic plaque area with lower very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in the blood. Moreover, the levels of IGF-1 in serum and expression of IL-6, IGF-1R, and p-IGF-1R protein in the mice aorta decreased significantly in the WBV group. In addition, we found that serum IGF-1 in mice increased to the highest concentration in 30 min after WBV for 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. These results suggested that appropriate WBV may delay the progression of AS, which was associated with acutely elevated serum IGF-1 and lower levels of IGF-1 and IL-6 in the aorta for long-term treatment.

Assessment of Serum Vitamin B12 Levels and Other Metabolic Parameters in Subjects With Different Values of Bone Mineral Density.

BackgroundControversial experimental and clinical evidences have raised questions regarding the role of B12 and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on osteoblast function and bone health. In this study, we aimed to determine if the serum levels of B12, IGF-1 and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) are associated with different degrees of bone mineral density (BMD).MethodsA total of 287 subjects (190 women and 97 men; mean age 53 years) volunteered for evaluation of BMD and serum levels of B12, IGF-1 and P1NP; BMD at lumbar spine and proximal femur was evaluated by means of dual-energy X-ray absorption (DEXA) and expressed as T-score; serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and IGF1 were measured with a chemiluminescent immunoassay on Access II Beckman Coulter and DiaSorin Liaison XL analyzers, respectively; P1NP was assessed in 61 women and 35 men with reduced T-score on Roche Modular platform.ResultsA total of 101 subjects (66 women and 35 men) had a reduced BMD (T-score < -1) or osteoporosis with a T-score < -2.5, while 186 (124 women and 62 men) had a normal BMD. No significant difference in the B12 levels was observed between the subjects with reduced BMD (mean 265.15 pg/mL, 95% CI: 236 - 294.25) and those with normal BMD (mean 243.91, 95% CI: 225.78 - 262.03) (P = 0.1990); lower levels of IGF-1 were observed in the group with reduced BMD (mean 138.7 pg/mL, 95% CI: 126.75 - 150.83) than in that with normal BMD (mean 167.34, 95% CI: 136.49 - 198.18) (P< 0.001); serum levels of P1NP were significantly lower in 22 subjects younger than 50 years (mean 44.8 ng/mL, 95% CI: 36.4 - 53.1) vs. 74 subjects > 50 years old (mean 53.3, 95% CI: 34.3 - 72.3) (P < 0.001), and in women (mean 45.3, 95% CI: 37.6 - 52.9) vs. men (mean 62, 95% CI: 23 - 101) (P < 0.001).ConclusionWe found no significant association between B12 levels and BMD, but significant associations of lower levels of IGF1 with reduced BMD and lower levels of P1NP with younger age and female sex were found; additional studies to further investigate the association of serum levels of B12, growth factors and biochemical turnover markers with human bone health are needed.

Effects of dietary advice on insulin-like growth factors among healthy newborns.

In fetal life, insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) 1, IGF 2 and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) 3 are essential growth factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of dietary intervention on insulin-like growth factors in the cord blood of neonates. The study involved 52 pregnant women who were followed up in Gazi University Medical School Hospital at Ankara, Turkey. They were randomly divided into two groups: The experimental group was involved in nutrition education. We measured IGF 1, IGF 2 and IGFBP 3 concentrations in cord blood from 52 neonates. In the experimental group, cord serum levels of IGF 1, IGF 2 were observed to be higher than that of control group. Dietary advice had positive effects on the cord serum IGF 1 and IGF 2 concentrations. Dietary advice during pregnancy proved to be effective in fetal development.

Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase – a potential biomarker for skeletal growth assessment

The present study was aimed to assess levels of serum Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and serum Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and comparing with cervical vertebral maturation index (CVMI) stages. Cross-sectional study. Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences, New Delhi, India. 150 subjects (75 males and 75 females) in the age group of 8-20 years. Subjects were divided into six CVMI stages. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay was performed for the estimation of serum BALP and serum IGF-1 levels. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to compare mean ranks of serum BALP and serum IGF-1 with different CVMI stages. Spearman correlation between serum BALP and serum IGF-1 was done across 6 CVMI stages. Peak serum IGF-1 levels were found at CVMI stages 4 and 3 for males and females respectively. Peak levels for serum BALP were found at stage 3 for both genders with significant differences from other stages. A statistically significant correlation was seen between serum IGF-1 and serum BALP from CVMI stages 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 (p < .01). BALP showed promising results and can be employed as a potential biomarker for the estimation of growth status.

Gene Expression and Clinical Manifestations in Iraqi Patients with Acromegaly

Introduction Acromegaly is initiated by extreme growth hormone (GH) secretion and secondary elevation of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). The occurrence of acromegaly is deliberate to be 3 to 4 cases per million for every year.1 Because GH secretion is pulsatile, elevated serum IGF-1 levels

The Extract of Lamium album and Urtica dioica Increase Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Level in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus is defined by hyperglycemia. Antidiabetic effects of Urtica dioica have been shown. Lamium album or nonstinging nettle is known to have useful impacts such as antioxidant and cytoprotective properties. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the serum concentration of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in diabetic rats given U. dioica and L. album extracts to distinguish any relationship between IGF-1 level and these plant extracts administration. Methods: In this experimental study, 32 male rats divided into four groups; normal, diabetic, diabetic treated with U. dioica (100 mg/kg/daily), diabetic treated with L. album (100 mg/kg/daily) for 28 days. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) and IGF-1 concentrations were measured. One way ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test was used for comparison between groups. In each group, FBS level among different times was compared using repeated measure ANOVA. Analysis was done using SPSS software version 22. Results: FBS level significantly increased in diabetic rats compared with control rats (P < 0.0001) but L. album and U. dioica decreased this level (P < 0.0001). Serum IGF-1 in diabetic rats was significantly lower than normal control rats (P < 0.0001), however both L. album and U. dioica caused significant increase in serum IGF-1 in diabetic rats (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.03 respectively) Conclusions: L. album and U. dioica might increase the level of serum IGF-1 in diabetes; with regard to insulin like activity of IGF-1, this might be viewed as a further support of positive influence of these plant extracts on this disease.

Maternal nutritional restriction during late gestation impairs development of the reproductive organs in both male and female lambs

Maternal nutritional restrictions during late gestation could lead to fetal hypoglycemia. Glucose levels in the fetal sheep regulate circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels, which stimulate cell proliferation and differentiation of reproductive organs after binding to its own receptor or estrogen receptors. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of subnutrition of ewes during the last trimester of gestation on the serum glucose/IGF1 levels and development of reproductive organs in their lambs.Pregnant ewes carrying singletons were randomly assigned to restricted (R ewes, n = 8) or control (C ewes, n = 8) groups (4 lambs of each gender/group) and fed with 50% or 100% of metabolic energy requirements from ∼100 days of gestation to term (∼147 days), respectively. Blood samples from lambs were taken on the first day after born and once at week for serum glucose and IGF1 determination. Lambs were euthanatized at 2 months of age, reproductive organs were weighted and tissue samples were collected from them for histology and to measure mRNA expression of IGF1 and its receptor (IGF1R) by qRT-PCR. Pre-partum glucose levels in R ewes were significantly lower compared to C ewes (p < .05). Compared to lambs born from C ewes, lambs born from R ewes showed lower serum levels of glucose and IGF1 during the first week of age (p < .05). At 2 month of age, these lambs had significant lower uterine and testicular weight and lower ovarian, uterine and testicular mRNA expressions of IGF1 and its receptor (p < .05). Histological findings showed that diameter of secondary and tertiary follicles in ovaries and number of endometrial glands in uterus of females, or number of Sertoli cells and seminiferous tubules and diameter, perimeter and tubular area in testicles of males were significantly lower in lambs born from R ewes compared to the respective organs of lambs born from the C ewes (p < .05). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that maternal subnutrition during late gestation affects IGF1 levels during fetal life and impairs reproductive development in the neonatal lamb, which could have permanent negative consequences in the future reproductive performance of the offspring.