Serum In Health Research Articles

Apple serum for health and beauty

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in harnessing the potential of natural ingredients for enhancing health and beauty. Apple serum, derived from apples, has gained prominence as a potent elixir with numerous benefits for both internal well-being and external appearance. This abstract provides an overview of the research and findings related to the application of apple serum in health and beauty. The primary components of apple serum include antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals that play a pivotal role in skin health, hair vitality, and overall bodily health. Apple serum is abundant in vitamin C, which aids in collagen production and provides anti-aging benefits by reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Moreover, the antioxidants in apple serum protect the skin from environmental stressors and promote a youthful complexion. The abstract concludes that apple serum is a versatile natural product with a myriad of applications for health and beauty. Further research is warranted to explore its potential benefits, mechanisms of action, and optimal usage for maximum efficacy. With its natural origins and multifaceted advantages, apple serum stands as a promising resource for those seeking a holistic approach to health and beauty enhancement.

Characterization of total adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and serum in health and inflammatory conditions in four different species: an analytical and clinical validation pilot study

BackgroundMeasurement of adenosine deaminase (ADA) can provide information about cell-mediated immunity. This report’s objective was to study the enzymatic activity of total ADA (tADA) and its isoenzymes ADA1 and ADA2 in canine, equine, porcine, and bovine serum and saliva and their changes in different inflammatory situations in each species. Besides, an automated method for ADA2 measurement was developed and validated.ResultstADA was present in serum and saliva of healthy animals of the four species. Erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA) concentration of 0.47 mM was needed for ADA1 inhibition in canine and porcine samples (serum and saliva) and bovine saliva, whereas for equine saliva 0.94 mM was needed. ADA2 activity was not detected in bovine serum and was very low or absent in equine serum and bovine saliva. An automated procedure to measure ADA2 consisting of adding EHNA to a commercial reagent for tADA measurement provided repetitive (coefficients of variation < 8.8% in serum and < 10% in saliva) and accurate (linearity of serial sample dilutions with R2 > 0.90) results, being equivalent to a manual incubation of the sample with EHNA at a similar concentration. Salivary tADA, as well as ADA1 and ADA2, were higher in dogs with leishmaniosis, horses with acute abdominal disease and pigs with lameness than in healthy animals. tADA and isoenzymes in saliva showed a positive significant correlation with serum ferritin in dogs (r = 0.602, P < 0.01; r = 0.555, P < 0.05; and r = 0.632, P < 0.01; respectively for tADA, ADA1 and ADA2) and serum C-reactive protein in pigs (r = 0.700, P < 0.01, for both tADA and ADA1; r = 0.770, P < 0.001, for ADA2), whereas salivary ADA2 significantly correlated with serum amyloid A in horses (r = 0.649, P < 0.01). In cows, salivary tADA and ADA1 significantly increased after calving, correlating with total white blood cell count (r = 0.487, P < 0.05, for both tADA and ADA1).ConclusionsThe activity of total ADA and its different isoenzymes, can be measured in serum and saliva of dogs, horses, pigs and cows by a simple and fast procedure described in this report. When measured in saliva, these analytes correlated with other biomarkers of inflammation and it could potentially be used as a biomarkers of inflammation and immune activation in the species of this study.

An Evaluation and Correlation of Leptin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum in Health, Gingivitis and Periodontitis

ABSTRACT Background and objective Plasma leptin is associated in patients with inflammatory diseases. A high concentration of leptin is associated with healthy gingival tissue. The purpose of this study was to assess the concentration of human leptin in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum within healthy and diseased gingiva, further to explore the possibility of using the levels of leptin in GCF and serum as a biochemical marker of periodontal disease progression. Materials and methods Ninety subjects were selected with age (30-39 years) and sex (15 males and 15 females) matched, to eliminate age and sex as confounders. The subjects were divided into three groups consisting of 30 subjects in each group based on the clinical and radiological parameters; healthy (group I), gingivitis (group II), periodontitis (group III), from whom the GCF samples were collected with Periopaper GCF collection strips (Proflow, Amityville, NY, USA) for 30 seconds and blood samples with 20-gauge needle syringe respectively. Leptin concentration was determined from individual GCF and serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The highest mean leptin concentration in GCF was observed in group I (2,664.30 pg/ml ± 324.73) and least mean leptin concentration was obtained in group III (1,309.43 pg/ml ± 202.45). The mean concentration of group II (1,639.43 pg/ml ± 344.46) was intermediate between the highest and lowest values. In contrast, the highest mean leptin concentration in serum was obtained for group III (12,086.57 pg/ml ± 1,698.23) and least mean leptin concentration was obtained for group I (8,715.09 pg/ml ± 1,649.19). The mean concentration of the group II (10,694.01 pg/ml ± 1,777.72) were intermediate between the highest and lowest values. Conclusion The results indicated a statistically significant decrease in the GCF leptin concentration and increase in serum leptin concentration as the periodontal disease progressed. How to cite this article Vadvadgi VH, Saini R, Padmawar N. An Evaluation and Correlation of Leptin in Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum in Health, Gingivitis and Periodontitis. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2012;1(2):93-97.

Comparison of the blood level of endogenous paramagnetics in health and pathology using proton magnetic relaxation

An experimental study is made of the longitudinal proton relaxation timeT1 in human serum in health and pathology as a function of the protein concentration using partially lyophilized samples. A comparison of the results with those obtained with modeled aqueous protein solutions and extrapolation of the dependences to the zero concentration demonstrate that the concentration of paramagnetic admixtures is the same in groups of healthy subjects and patients with malignant neoplasms who have reliably differentT1 values in native samples. There is no difference in the longitudinal proton relaxation time of the nonaqueous component of the serum between these groups.

Comparison of calculated and measured free thyroid hormones in serum in health and in abnormal states.

To evaluate a theoretical model for calculating free thyroid hormones, based on the law of mass action, we compared values for both calculated and measured free thyroxin and free triiodothyronine in a group of normal subjects. To determine whether the concentrations of circulating free hormones were also predictable from equilibrium considerations in abnormal states, we compared calculated and measured free thyroid hormone values in an additional population including pregnant women and hyperthyroid, hypothyroid, and "sick euthyroid" patients. Predictions based on the model were accurate in all these states except pregnancy, where there was some discrepancy between calculated and measured values for both hormones. In pregnant women with large abnormalities in thyroid-hormone-binding proteins, euthyroidism was accompanied by significantly lower free hormone concentrations, leading us to conclude that, in pregnancy, equilibrium may be reached at concentrations lower than those in other healthy subjects. Values for calculated and measured free thyroid hormones in "sick euthyroids" showed no discrepancy; however, we cannot exclude the possibility that non-dialyzable compounds are present that interfere with the hormone-protein binding.

Activities of bone and liver alkaline phosphatases in serum in health and disease

A heat-inactivation method for determining absolute activities of liver and bone alkaline phosphatases in serum has been applied extensively in routine diagnosis. Values for each isoenzyme in healthy individuals of different ages are reported together with results obtained in various diseases. Data from normal subjects show that bone alkaline phosphatase contributes about half the total alkaline phosphatase activity in adults. Liver phosphatase shows a slight increase with age. The method is also able to detect reliably the presence of carcinoplacental isoenzymes.

Apoenzyme of aspartate aminotransferase in serum in health and disease

Aspartate aminotransferase activity has been measured in the sera of normal subjects and in patients with various diseases both with and without addition of pyridoxal phosphate to the assay medium. Considerable quantities of apoaminotransferase were present in almost all samples. In normal subjects this potentially-active enzyme corresponds on average to about half the holoenzyme present before reactivation with pyridoxal phosphate. However, considerable variations between individuals were found in the amounts of apoaminotransferase present in serum, and also between groups of patients with various diseases.

Carnitine levels in human serum in health and disease

The level of carnitine in serum was examined in a control group and in different patient groups. A radiometric assay of carnitine with carnitine acetyltransferase and radioactively labeled acetyl-CoA was used. By the addition of dithionitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) to the incubation mixture to trap the CoASH released, the formation of radioactive acetylcarnitine was proportional to the carnitine concentration over a wide range. Carnitine was extracted from plasma after ethanol addition and the recovery of [ Me- 3H] carnitine added to serum was 102%. The serum level of carnitine was reduced in patients with myotonia congenita, Crohn's disease in some patients with malabsorption and in cases of anorexia nervosa. During hemodialysis the carnitine concentration was reduced to 25% of the value occurring before dialysis. Normal levels of carnitine were found in ulcerative colitis patients, most patients with malabsorption, in liver cirrhosis, in right-sided heart failure with liver stasis, in juvenile and adult onset diabetes, and in cardiomyopathies. Two patients with progressive cardiac failure with icterus and oliguria showed an eight-fold increase in serum carnitine levels.

Quantitative determination of conjugated bile acids in serum in acute hepatitis.

LITTLE information is available about the variation in concentration of bile acid in serum in health and disease. This is mainly a result of methodological difficulties which result from the solubility of bile acids which closely resembles that of other lipids. Serum extracts prepared according to previous techniques often contain small quantities of lipid material which cause errors in the assay of bile acids1. Attempts to separate these interfering substances are often associated with considerable losses of bile acids. These difficulties explain discrepancies in values for the concentration of normal bile acid in serum which have been reported to range between 0 and 60 mg/ml.2.

ESTIMATION OF THE LOW-DENSITY (BETA) LIPOPROTEINS OF SERUM IN HEALTH AND DISEASE USING LARGE MOLECULAR WEIGHT DEXTRAN SULPHATE.

Studies have been made of the factors affecting the specificity of the interaction between high molecular weight dextran sulphate and low-density lipoproteins, both in pure solution and in serum. The results have been used in the development of a simple assay method for the serum concentration of low-density lipoproteins in small volumes of serum. The results obtained by this assay procedure have been found to correlate acceptably with parallel estimations of low-density lipoproteins by an ultracentrifugal technique and by paper electrophoresis. The technique has been applied to a survey of serum levels of these proteins in a normal population. The results have been compared with data in the literature. Satisfactory agreement was found between mean levels, matched for age and sex, between the dextran sulphate method and those methods based ultimately on chemical estimation of one or more components of the isolated lipoproteins. A systematic difference was observed when the dextran sulphate method was compared with estimates based on analytical ultracentrifugation or turbidimetry using amylopectin sulphate.Some indication of the range of application of the dextran sulphate method in clinical chemistry is provided.

Chymotrypsin inhibition by human serum in health and disease.

SummaryThe antichymotrypsin content of serum, as found by this test, is not changed in early malignant disease. The presence of hidden metastatic cancer, however, can be detected. Thus the test may assist in the diagnosis of advanced malignancies or in detecting such lesions when they appear in an obscure state. False positive values with this procedure fall in the same group as with the methods which measure proteolysis.

Proteolytic Enzyme Inhibitors of Human Serum in Health and Disease.,

Methods are described for the determination of chymotrypsin and rennin inhibitors in serum. The many physiological and pathological conditions which influence their concentration are discussed.

THE ALBUMIN AND GLOBULIN CONTENT OF HUMAN BLOOD SERUM

In spite of numerous results found in literature, the albumin and globulin content of serum in health and disease has been reinvestigated by use of Robertson's¹method, because of the simplicity and freedom from possible error of the new technic as compared with that of former methods. The small amount of serum used is another advantage and has made possible the use of two controls on each serum examined by the writer. The results which can be obtained are uniform, especially if the writer's suggestions about the technic, which will soon be published, are followed and his automatic pipet²is used to assure accuracy of measurements. During the last seven months a number of normal serums have been examined. The average results differ slightly from those obtained by Robertson's method previously reported.³The total protein is lower than in the previous series, due to the fact