Serum HDL-C Levels Research Articles

Comparative analysis between fasting and postprandial apolipoprotein B and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio for atherosclerosis risk prediction in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects of central India

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (Type 2 DM), characterized by a relative insulin deficiency or insulin resistance, is associated with a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, which includes glucose intolerance, hypertension, a unique dyslipidemia, a procoagulant state, and an increase in macrovascular diseases. Aims and Objectives: The present study was conducted to correlate between fasting and postprandial apolipoprotein B and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio for predicting the risk of atherosclerosis in T2DM subjects. Materials and Methods: Sixty clinically diagnosed cases of T2DM (age group of 35–65 years and duration of diabetes of more than 5 years) were included in the study and sixty age- and sex-matched healthy subjects were taken as the controls. In both the study groups, we measured postprandial as well as fasting lipid profile, which comprised serum TC, triglycerides (TGs), HDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B. Ratio is calculated as TC/HDL-C in both fasting and postprandial state. The statistical analysis was done using the students unpaired’-test. Results: The results of the present study showed significantly increased levels of postprandial serum TC, TGs, LDL-C, and apo B as compared to those in the fasting state (P<0.05). The serum HDL-C level was significantly lower in the postprandial state as compared to that in the fasting state (P<0.05). Postprandial TC/HDL-C and apo B are increased significantly as compared to fasting condition in type 2 diabetes subjects. Conclusion: The findings suggest that postprandial lipid profile, apolipoprotein B, and TC/HDL-C ratio as a cardiovascular risk factor can be utilized as simple marker utilizing simple parameters in lipid profile that significantly increased in the postprandial state.Thus, Apolipoprotein B, the marker of the number of LDL particles (for atherosclerosis) in the circulation and TC/HDL-C ratio can be routinely estimated for the atherosclerosis risk assessment in type 2 diabetes subjects in the postprandial state.

The Effect of a Moderately Restricted Carbohydrate Diet on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese Women With Metabolic Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PurposeMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health concern that increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. In previous studies of MetS management, low-carbohydrate diets have been strongly emphasized, despite the fact that many apparently healthy individuals have difficulties adhering to these diets on a long-term basis. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the effects of a moderately restricted carbohydrate diet (MRCD) on cardiometabolic risk factors in women with MetS. MethodsThis parallel 3-month, single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in Tehran, Iran, among 70 women with overweight or obesity aged 20 to 50 years with MetS. Patients were randomly allocated to receive either MRCD (42%–45% carbohydrates and 35%–40% fats) (n = 35) or a normal weight loss diet (NWLD) (52%–55% carbohydrates and 25%–30% fats) (n = 35). Both diets contained the same quantity of protein, which accounted for 15% to 17% of total energy. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, lipid profile, and glycemic indices were all assessed before and after the intervention. FindingsCompared with the NWLD group, following an MRCD significantly decreased weight (−4.82 vs −2.40 kg; P = 0.01), body mass index (−1.88 vs −0.94 kg/m2; P = 0.01), waist circumference (−5.34 vs −2.75 cm; P = 0.01), hip circumference (−2.58 vs −1.11 cm; P = 0.01), serum triglyceride (−26.8 vs −7.19 mg/dL; P = 0.01), and increased serum HDL-C levels (1.89 vs. 0.24 mg/dL; P = 0.01). There was no significant difference between the 2 diets in waist-to-hip ratio, serum total cholesterol, serum LDL-C, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, insulin levels, or the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance. ImplicationsModerate carbohydrate replacement with dietary fats significantly improved weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, serum triglyceride, and HDL-C levels among women with MetS. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials identifier: IRCT20210307050621N1.

CARNOSINE-LOADED ORAL NIOSOMES AMELIORATE HIGH-FRUCTOSE-INDUCED METABOLIC SYNDROME IN RATS VIA MODULATION OF SIRT1, A METABOLIC MASTER SWITCH

Metabolic syndrome is a crucial health challenge, and the available therapeutic agents are still not effective. Carnosine, a cytoplasmic dipeptide, is a potent anti-glycation, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and chelating agent. However, whether carnosine would be assumed as a potential hypoglycemic agent or not, no decisive report with detailed mechanisms is found yet. As such, we suggest the carnosine-loaded in niosomes as a prospective solution to bypass its unwanted fast degradation by carnosinase which is considered as a major obstacle with the clinical application of carnosine as an oral drug therapy. Toward this, the purpose of our study is to assess the profits of oral administration of carnosine, and carnosine-loaded niosome in HFD-induced metabolic syndrome rats and to inspect some of the involved mechanisms. Initially, carnosine-loaded niosomes were prepared and characterized. Then, metabolic syndrome was provoked by 60% fructose diet in male Sprague Dawley rats where carnosine and carnosine-loaded niosomes were orally administered at doses 50 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively. In addition, biochemical and molecular studies were performed to clarify the possible mechanisms of action. Data showed that the consumption of 60% fructose diet displayed a tremendous increment in body weight, body mass index as well as a significant elevation in levels of serum glucose, insulin, TAG, TC, LDL-c, VLDL-c and FFA. Also, it showed a significant reduction in levels of serum HDL-c. Furthermore, HFD provoked up-regulation of SREBP-1c and FAS mRNA levels in adipose tissue. Also, it induced down-regulation of SIRT1, GLUT-4 mRNA levels in adipose tissue. We found that oral administration of either carnosine or carnosine-loaded niosome effectively reversed HFD-mediated alterations via SIRT1 activation. Overall, oral delivery of carnosine-loaded niosome had a better efficacy than oral carnosine, attenuating HFD-mediated alterations. Carnosine nano-formulation is a new excellent candidates for metabolic syndrome management and needs further exploration of its mechanisms.

Orange juice intake and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Dyslipidaemia is a metabolic anomaly which has been related to numerous morbidities. Orange juice (OJ) is a popular flavonoid-rich drink consumed worldwide. Due to the existing controversies regarding its impact on blood lipids, we decided to investigate the impact of OJ supplementation on lipid profile parameters. Major scientific databases (Cochrane library, Scopus, PubMed and Embase) were searched. Pooled effects sizes were reported as weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Out of 6334 articles retrieved by the initial search, 9 articles met our inclusion criteria. Overall, supplementation with OJ did not exert any significant effects on blood levels of TG (WMD -1·53 mg/dl, 95% CI -6·39, 3·32, P = 0·536), TC (WMD -5·91 mg/dl, 95% CI -13·26, 1·43, P = 0·114) or HDL-C (WMD 0·61 mg/ dl, 95% CI -0·61, 1·82, P = 0·333). OJ consumption did reduce LDL-C levels significantly (WMD -8·35 mg/dl, 95% CI -15·43, -1·26, P = 0·021). Overall, we showed that the consumption of OJ may not be beneficial in improving serum levels of TG, TC or HDL-C. Contrarily, we showed that daily intake of OJ, especially more than 500 ml/d, might be effective in reducing LDL-C levels. In the light of the existing inconsistencies, we propose that further high-quality interventions be conducted in order to make a solid conclusion.

Plum supplementation and lipid profile: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

Plums are abundant in bioactive compounds which have been associated with numerous health benefits. In the present study, we aimed at examining the impact of plum supplementation on lipid profile of individuals. Electronic bibliographical databases were searched for relevant randomised clinical trials. Articles meeting our eligibility criteria were included for data extraction and final analysis. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was estimated using a random-effect model. Of the total articles retrieved in the initial search, nine articles were found to be eligible to be included in the analysis. Our results show that plum supplementation significantly improves total cholesterols levels in the unhealthy individuals. Moreover, plum supplementation reduces the LDL-c levels in the pooled sample (WMD = -11⋅52 mg/dl; 95% CI -21⋅93, -1⋅11, P = 0⋅03, I 2 = 98⋅7%) and also in some of the subgroups of individuals (dried plum, unhealthy subjects, duration more than 8 weeks). Moreover, it had a significant reducing effect on TC levels just in unhealthy subjects. Although plum supplementation did not have any significant impact on serum levels of TG nor HDL-c. Our results show that supplementation with plums is potentially effective in reducing serum total cholesterol and LDL-c.

Nutritional, biochemical, and clinical determinants of hyperuricemia in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Relationship with clinical and renal disease activity.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the prototypical autoimmune disease considered as an independent risk factor for mortality by cardiovascular disease. Currently, uric acid is described as a novel biomarker associated with cardiometabolic risk. However, nutritional and serum determinants that influence hyperuricemia development in autoimmune diseases have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to assess the nutritional, biochemical, and cardiometabolic determinants of hyperuricemia and its relationship with clinical variables in SLE patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 167 SLE patients and 195 control subjects (CS). Nutrient intake, anthropometry, biochemical, and cardiometabolic indexes were evaluated. In SLE patients, adequate protein (OR = 0.4; p = 0.04) and carbohydrate (OR = 0.2; p = 0.01) intakes were associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia. SLE patients with hyperuricemia presented a higher risk of clinical (OR = 2.2; p = 0.03) and renal activity (OR = 3.4; p < 0.01), as well as triglycerides ≥150mg/dL (OR = 3.6; p < 0.01), hs-CRP ≥1mg/L (OR = 3.1; p < 0.01), Kannel score ≥3 (OR = 2.5; p = 0.02), and BMI ≥25kg/m2 (OR = 2.2; p = 0.02). Oppositely, serum levels of HDL-C ≥40mg/dL (OR = 0.2; p < 0.01) were associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia. According to the pharmacotherapy administered, prednisone treatment was associated with a high risk of hyperuricemia (OR = 4.7; p < 0.001). In contrast, the hydroxychloroquine treatment was associated with a lower risk of hyperuricemia (OR = 0.4; p = 0.02). In conclusion, SLE patients with hyperuricemia presented a high risk of clinical and renal activity as well as worse cardiometabolic status. Notably, an adequate intake of protein, carbohydrates, healthy HDL-C serum levels, and hydroxychloroquine treatment could be determinants of lower risk of hyperuricemia.

Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 Promotes Obesity Resistance in Mice.

Alterations in the gut microbiome have been linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes, in epidemiologic studies and studies of fecal transfer effects in germ-free mice. Here, we aimed to identify the effects of specific gut microbes on the phenotype of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). After eight weeks of HFD feeding, male C57BL/6J mice in the HFD group ranking in the upper and lower quartiles for body weight gain were considered obese prone and obese resistant, respectively. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and fecal transplantation (FMT) was conducted to determine whether the microbiota plays a causal role in phenotypic variation. Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 was more abundant in the gut microbes of mice with a lean phenotype than in those with an obese phenotype. Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 was identified as the most significant biomarker for alleviating obesity by random forest analysis. In a correlation analysis of serum parameters and body weight, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 was positively associated with serum HDL-C levels and negatively associated with serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels. To conclude, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 was identified as a novel microbiome biomarker for obesity resistance, which may serve as a basis for understanding the critical gut microbes responsible for obesity resistance. Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013 may serve as a target for microbiome-based diagnoses and treatments in the future.

Yurf-Bangash-Yousafzai Augur: Proposal of Carotid Plaque Formation Predictor Among General Population by Exploration of State-Of-The-Art for Automated Machine Learning

BackgroundCarotid plaque, recognized as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications, has been explored via machine learning. With Artificial intelligence in general and machine learning in particular exhibiting superior predictive and prognosticative capabilities, when compared with conventional statistical techniques, we explored the current state-of-the-art for automated Machine Learning to develop prediction algorithmic models for Carotid Plaque (CP) formation with the aim to optimise risk stratification and subsequent complication triaging among general population. MethodologyThe study population comprised 122 entrants— variables including subjective measures such as weight, height and smoking history as well as serum levels of HbA1c and HDL-C. The current state of the art (SOTA) for automated Machine Learning (aML) was adopted to develop predictive models using algorithms including Neural Network, eXtreme Gradient Boosting and CatBoost with the employment of hyperparameter tuning. Ensemble approach, which is the amalgamation of two or more than two algorithmic models to develop such a model which is better than either of its computive components, was superimposed. The training was achieved on 40% of the loaded dataset with the theretofore unexposed 60% of the said dataset used for testing that respective developed algorithmic model which came out to exhibit the highest macro weighted average Area Under the Receiver Operating Curve (mWA-AUROC) among the trained models. mWA-AUROC and accuracy, along with other parameters, were adopted to assess the predictive discriminative ability of the tested algorithmic model. ResultsA Decision Tree algorithmic model predicted CP formation with a perfect mWA-AUROC of 1.00 and an accuracy of 100% on the training partition (40% of the original dataset) along with an mWA-AUROC of 0.99 and an accuracy of 98.6% on the testing partition (60% of the original dataset). (Figure 1) A precision of 100% and a recall of 98.5%— such that an F1 score of 99.2%— was achieved on the testing partition by the respective algorithmic model— to be heretofore termed as the “Yurf-Bangash-Yousafzai augur”. The Yurf-Bangash-Yousafzai augur thus outsmarts the CP predictive model (having AUROC, accuracy and an F1 score each of 0.86) developed by Wu D et al. ConclusionsOur novel approach to developing a predictive risk model for CP formation by exploring SOTA for automated machine learning provides optimised predictions which, when incorporated into the respective risk stratification protocols, shall translate into a decrease in the morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular atherosclerotic events by assisting in risk stratification and subsequent complication triaging among the general population.These authors contributed equally to data curation, development of methodology, statistical analyses and writing with subsequent reviewing and editing of the abstract draft.These authors, indicated alphabetically, contributed equally to statistical analyses and validation.

The effect of eight weeks of Pilates with curcumin supplementation on liver enzymes and lipid profile in overweight and obese women

The current randomized, double-blind, clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effects of a 8-week curcumin supplementation plus Pilates training on liver enzymes level and lipid profile in overweight and obese females. 60 overweight and obese females randomly enrolled in this clinical trial with a four-group design which receiving one capsule containing 47.5 mg of curcumin or placebo daily with or without Pilates training for 8 weeks. Serum level of ALT, AST, LDL-C, HDL-C, T-Chol and TG were analyzed before and 24 h after the intervention. Pairwise t -test and MANCOVA were used for data analyzes. The results showed that weight, BMI, WHR and PBF decreased in the curcumin + Pilates group compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). According to the results, an 8-week Pilates and curcumin alone or in combination reduced serum ALT, LDL-C, TG and T-Chol (P < 0.01) compared with the control group. Also, serum AST levels decreased from 23.75 ± 2.14 to 19.37 ± 1.98 in the curcumin group (P = 0.017). Eight weeks of intervention with Pilates and curcumin alone or in combination seemed effective in improving lipid profile and reducing ALT enzyme levels in overweight and obese females. It also appears that the AST enzyme is only affected by curcumin supplementation. • Pilates training plus Curcumin supplement significantly decreased anthropometry indices. • Pilates and Curcumin alone or in combination led to significant changes in lipid profile. • Curcumin supplement significantly improve liver enzymes.

Abstract 15512: The Hepatic Lipid Type and Content Had an Impact on Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice

Introduction: It has been reported that nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. We have recently demonstrated that diet-induced steatohepatitis was associated with cardiac dysfunction and those were improved by the selective PPARα modulator, pemafibrate in wild type mice. Hypothesis: The aim of the study is to characterize the relationship between hepatic lipid content and inflammation, induced by two type of diets in diabetic mice model and to test the effect of pemafibrate on those. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) (40mg/kg for 4 days). Mice whose ad libitum blood glucose were 200-350mg/dl, were used as diabetic mice. In 11-week-old STZ induced diabetic mice were administered wild high fat/high cholesterol diet (WD group) or high fat/high cholesterol/ high sucrose/bile acids diet (NASH group), with or without pemafibrate for 12 weeks. Lipid profiles, liver cytokines, hepatic mRNA, liver histology were investigated. Results: Total cholesterol and unesterified cholesterol were significantly more accumulated in the NASH group compared to the WD group. Triglyceride were not changed between two groups. F4/80 positive area and sirius-red positive area were significantly increased in the NASH group compared to the WD group. Inflammatory cytokines such as Tnfa, Il1b and fibrosis associated genes Col1a1 and Col1a2 were also significantly increased in the NASH group, suggesting the presence of active inflammation and fibrosis in the NASH group. By co-administration with pemafibrate, serum HDL-C level was increased by 48.7% and the non-HDL-C level was decreased by 31.4% in the NASH/pemafibrate group. Importantly, total cholesterol and unesterified cholesterol were markedly decreased in the NASH/pemafibrate group. Along with those, F4/80 positive area and sirius-red positive area were decreased in the NASH/pemafibrate group by more than 50%. Hepatic Tnfa expression was decreased by 56.3% and Tgfb, Col1a1, Col1a2 was significantly decreased. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that more total cholesterol and unesterified accumulation induced hepatic inflammatory responses and fibrosis in the diabetic mice and pemafibrate had the beneficial impacts on those.

The effect of purple tea extract activity on selected metabolic syndrome parameters in mice

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities. Prevalence of MetS is documented at 50% and 87.5% in Africa and Kenya respectively. It is managed by combining lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy. Although Camellia sinensis TRFK306 has been proven to induce weight loss in mice and humans, its effect on metabolic syndrome is yet to be investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Camellia sinensis TRFK306 extract on MetS induced Sprague Dawley male rats. A total of thirty-five, six-weeks-old rats were acclimatized for one (1) week and randomized into 5 groups (n=7). Metabolic syndrome was induced using high- fat fructose diet for eight (8) weeks. Post-hoc statistical analysis using Tukey’s multiple comparison test was used to analyze the effect of freeze-dried extracts of Camellia Sinensis TRFK306 on various markers of metabolic syndrome. Random blood sugar levels revealed significant differences (p = &lt;0.0001), for experimental animals. Oral glucose tolerance results were significant (p = &lt;0.0001). Total serum triglyceride levels was significant (p = &lt;0.0001). Mean serum HDL-C levels revealed significant differences between the normal control and negative control (p = 0.0009), the negative control and low dose test (p = 0.0023), the negative control and high dose test (p = 0.0025) and the negative control and positive control (p = 0.0014). The mean serum LDL-C levels revealed significant difference (p= &lt;0.0001). Camellia Sinensis TRFK306 possessed significant beneficial effects on various markers of metabolic syndrome.

Study on the hypolipidemic effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide in hyperlipidemia rats based on the regulation of intestinal flora.

The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) on blood lipids and its regulation on the intestinal flora in hyperlipidemia rats, and explore the modern biological connotation of IOP in reducing blood lipids. In this study, we obtained the crude IOP by the water extraction and alcohol precipitation method, and then classified it by DEAE ion-exchange chromatography to obtain the acidic I. obliquus polysaccharide (IOP-A). After the administration of the IOP-A, the serum TC, TG, and LDL-C levels were significantly lower, while the serum HDL-C levels were significantly higher. The expression of CYP7A1 protein was considerably increased, whereas the expression of SREBP-1C protein was considerably decreased in the rat hepatic tissue. In addition, the IOP-A could significantly alleviate the hepatocyte fatty degeneration in the liver lobule of rats. We believe that the IOP-A can affect the composition of intestinal flora by reducing the relative abundance of Firmicutes and increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. These findings indicated that the IOP-A can regulate the dyslipidemia of hyperlipidemia rats, and its mechanism may be through regulating the CYP7A1 and SREBP-1C expression in the metabolism of lipids, and correcting the imbalance of intestinal flora structure caused by a high-fat diet.

Association of cluster determinant 36, scavenger receptor class B type 1, and major facilitator superfamily domain containing the 2a genetic polymorphism with serum lipid profile in aging population with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

BackgroundLipid metabolism disorder commonly happens in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which may be linked to genetic variants of lipid metabolism-related genes. However, few studies have explored the relationship between lipid metabolism-related gene polymorphism and serum lipid profile in aging subjects with T2DM. The present study was designed to explore the impact of genetic polymorphism of cluster determinant 36 (CD36) (rs1049673, rs1054516, rs2151916), scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SCARB1) (rs5888), and major facilitator superfamily domain containing the 2a (MFSD2A) (rs12083239, rs4233508, rs12072037) on the relationship between circulating lipids in aging subjects with T2DM.Methods205 T2DM patients and 205 age and gender matched control subjects were recruited. Information on demographic characteristics was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. Fasting venous blood samples were taken for lipid-related gene genotyping and serum lipid profile measurement. The Chi-square test was used to compare percentage differences and to calculate P-value for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Logistic regression and multiple linear regression were used to explore the risk or correlation between variables, and general linear model (GLM) was used to compare the means of serum lipids between the groups.ResultsIn T2DM group, CD36 rs1054516 and MFSD2A rs12072037 were correlated with serum TC level. In control group, CD36 rs1049673 was correlated with serum HDL-C level. Meanwhile, T2DM subjects with MFSD2A rs12083239 (CG), MFSD2A rs4233508 (TT), and MFSD2A rs12072037 (AA) had higher TG level than control subjects. T2DM subjects with CD36 rs1049673 (CG, GG), CD36 rs1054516 (CT), CD36 rs2151916 (TT, CT), SCARB1 rs5888 (GG), MFSD2A rs12083239 (GG, CG), MFSD2A rs4233508 (TT), and MFSD2A rs12072037 (CA, AA) had lower HDL-C level than control subjects. T2DM subjects with MFSD2A rs12072037 (AA) had lower LDL-C level than control subjects. In dominant model, major genotype (GG) of SCARB1 gene was associated with the risk of T2DM (OR = 0.636, P = 0.032).ConclusionThe genetic polymorphism of CD36 (rs1049673, rs1054516, rs2151916), SCARB1 (rs5888), and MFSD2A (rs12083239, rs4233508, rs12072037) were associated with serum lipids in T2DM subjects. The SCARB1 rs5888 major genotype (GG) was a protective factor for T2DM. Large scale cohort study is required to determine the relationship between lipid metabolism-related gene polymorphism, serum lipid profile and T2DM in aging subjects.

Risk factors and diagnostic prediction models for papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Thyroid nodules (TNs) represent a common scenario. More accurate pre-operative diagnosis of malignancy has become an overriding concern. This study incorporated demographic, serological, ultrasound, and biopsy data and aimed to compare a new diagnostic prediction model based on Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) with multivariate logistic regression model, to guide the decision of surgery. Records of 2,090 patients with TNs who underwent thyroid surgery were retrospectively reviewed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that Bethesda category (OR=1.90, P<0.001), TIRADS (OR=2.55, P<0.001), age (OR=0.97, P=0.002), nodule size (OR=0.53, P<0.001), and serum levels of Tg (OR=0.994, P=0.004) and HDL-C (OR=0.23, P=0.001) were statistically significant independent differentiators for patients with PTC and benign nodules. Both BPNN and regression models showed good accuracy in differentiating PTC from benign nodules (area under the curve [AUC], 0.948 and 0.924, respectively). Notably, the BPNN model showed a higher specificity (88.3% vs. 73.9%) and negative predictive value (83.7% vs. 45.8%) than the regression model, while the sensitivity (93.1% vs. 93.9%) was similar between two models. Stratified analysis based on Bethesda indeterminate cytology categories showed similar findings. Therefore, BPNN and regression models based on a combination of demographic, serological, ultrasound, and biopsy data, all of which were readily available in routine clinical practice, might help guide the decision of surgery for TNs.

Neck Circumference is Associated with Metabolic Syndrome Components in Chinese Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes.

IntroductionWe aimed to investigate the correlation between neck circumference (NC) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients.MethodsThis cross-section study included 610 patients with T2DM, including 312 males and 298 females. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), NC, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference, and blood pressure were measured. Serum glucose, lipid, and uric acid levels were examined. The correlation between NC and anthropometric parameters and metabolic disorders was analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to determine the best NC cutoff value for predicting MetS.ResultsEither in male or female subjects, NC was positively correlated with BMI, WC, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and serum triglyceride and uric acid levels and negatively correlated with serum HDL-C levels. NC is an independent influencing factor of female serum uric acid levels (standardized coefficient β = 0.141, t = 2.088, P = 0.038). NC of the MetS group was significantly larger than that of the non-MetS group (male 38.42±3.05 cm vs 36.20±2.90 cm, female 36.14±2.75 cm vs 34.01±2.94 cm, P < 0.001). The NC cutoff value for predicting MetS is 37.3 cm for males and 35.8cm for females. There was no difference between using cutoff points of NC and WC to recognize all MetS components in males and hyperuricemia in females (P>0.05).ConclusionNC is closely related to BMI, WC, and MetS components in T2DM. The cutoff points of NC can identify all MetS components in males and hyperuricemia in females with the same efficiency as WC.

Lipid Profile Levels in Smokers

Objective: The objective of this study was to record mean lipid profiles in smokers Methodology: All 200 (Two hundred) smokers were enrolled from Cardiology Department, Punjab Institute of cardiology Lahore during 2015 to 2016, the demographic profile of the patients’ was taken. Their ECG was done to ensure that they do not have any cardiac disease. After 12 hours over night fasting, blood samples were withdrawn from a cubital vein into blood tubes. The blood samples were sent to hospital laboratory for the analysis of lipid profile. Serum triglyceride (TG) level by GPO – PAP enzymatic colorimetric method, Serum total cholesterol (TC) level by CHOD – PAP enzymatic colorimetric method, Serum HDL-c level by precipitation method, Serum LDL-c level by using Friedewald’s formula, LDL-c = TC ˗ (HDL + TG/5), Serum VLDL-c level by using Friedewald’s formula VLDL-c = TG/5. Results: Of 200 cases 45%(n=90) were between 18-40 years of age while 55%(n=110) were between 41-60 years of age, mean+sd was calculated as 41.98+11.02 years, 89.5%(n=179) were male and 10.5%(n=21) were females, mean lipid profiles in smokers was calculated as 188.38+16 55 for total cholesterol, 157.33+15.93 triglycerides, 42.47+4.88 HDL, 114.44+13.43 LDL and 31.47+3.19 for VLDL. Conclusion: the smokers are at higher risk of developing dyslipidemia. Our results are encouraging for smokers to quit their habits to live a healthy life. Keywords: Smokers, lipid profile, mean

Young Age Onset Multivascular Pathology in a Patient with Severe Dyslipidemia: an Incidental Case or a Particular Type of Familial Hypercholesterolemia?

Abstract Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a genetic disorder that affects about 1 in 250 people and increases the likelihood of having coronary heart disease at a younger age. We present the case of a 55-year-old patient, known with inferior and anterior myocardial infarction treated by percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafts, Leriche syndrome, aortic abdominal aneurysm, and bilateral renal stents—pathologies with onset at a young age—who was admitted for fast-paced palpitations, accompanied by increased fatigue. The coronarography did not reveal any acute lesions, but the presence of ventricular tachycardia at admission required the implantation of a cardiac defibrillator. Since the patient presented with early onset severe systemic atherosclerosis, with a lipid profile dominated by hypo-HDL, doubled by an apolipoprotein A1 deficiency, we considered the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia. Due to the high-risk profile, the association between a statin and a PCSK9 inhibitor was initiated at discharge. At the 1-month follow-up control, a significant reduction of LDL-C has been achieved, with a simultaneous increase of HDL-C serum levels.

Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Metabolic Syndrome Criteria: Among Treated Hypertensive and Diabetic Females of Halabja

Background and aim&#x0D; The effect of Ramadan fasting (RF) among Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) patients is still argumentative. However, the majority of evidences demonstrated a beneficial effect on nearly most of metabolic criteria reduce the risk of MetS. Hypoglycemia is a significant consequence of diabetes that has been linked to an elevated the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and hypertensions. However, conflicted results have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of RF on Metabolic criteria among treated hypertensive and diabetic patients. &#x0D; Method&#x0D; This prospective observational study was carried out in a group of 73 female patients with MetS aged (20-45) years were evaluated week before and after Ramadan month having hypertension and diabetics of more than 2 years. All attending to Halabja Hospital and were treated with one daily medication based on doctor prescription. The sample random technic was used to calculate sample size and the computed sample size. The eligibility criteria for female patients having diabetic and hypertension were based on the International Diabetic Federation (IDF) definition criteria. A fasting blood sample was obtained, blood pressure was measured and BMI was calculated, fasting blood sugar, lipid profile were analyzed on all blood sample. &#x0D; Result &#x0D; There was a significant weight reduction and WC decreased. This result has been reflected on BMI as well ( p ? 0.0001). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed significant changes during the month of fasting. Overall, Ramadan fasting was found to decrease fasting glucose level. With regards to changes in lipid profile, fasting Ramadan was found to significant decrease in TC, and TG level. There was no significant change in serum LDL-C after Ramadan compared to baseline, however, we found a decrease in serum HDL-C levels but this change were not paralleled by any significant changes.&#x0D; Conclusions&#x0D; This study shows a significant improvement in cardiovascular risk factors such as lipids profile, systolic blood pressure, weight, BMI and waist circumference in subjects with a previous history of hypertensions and hyperglycemia. &#x0D;

Relationship between serum levels of BDNF and HDL-cholesterol in women with metabolic syndrome

Background and Aims : Recently, a link between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation and cardiovascular disease has been suggested. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between serum levels of BDNF and HDL-C in women with metabolic syndrome.

Alteration in serum oxidative stress balance in patients with different circulating high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels

Introduction and ObjectivesHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is known to be a key player in reverse cholesterol transport and this function is associated with its atheroprotective role. Low HDL-C is a strong independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, premature atherosclerosis and increased oxidative stress. However, the clinical benefit of high HDL-C through diet or drug therapy is still controversial. MethodsThis study included 50 patients with isolated low HDL-C (≤35 mg/dl), 52 patients with isolated high HDL-C (≥70 mg/dl), and 33 age- and gender-matched controls with normal HDL-C. ‘Isolated’ was defined as excluding all clinical conditions associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation, which may affect the structural state of HDL-C. In addition to arylesterase (ARES) activity and plasma thiol levels, laboratory parameters associated with oxidative stress were also assessed. ResultsLevels of ARES (758 [169-1150] vs. 945 [480-1215] and 821 U/l [266-1220]; p<0.01) and total thiols (233±41 vs. 259±46 μmol/l; p=0.02) were markedly higher in patients with high HDL-C. More importantly, total antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress index, creatine and serum ARES levels were associated with changes in serum HDL-C levels. ConclusionIn patients with isolated high HDL-C, we determined that while serum ARES activity and plasma thiol concentrations were significantly higher, the other markers associated with oxidative stress decreased markedly. Additionally, the present study demonstrated that serum oxidative stress status is very important to maintain the positive effects of HDL-C.