Series Motor Research Articles

Prototype Model of Electric Locomotive Traction System

Abstract: Electrical locomotive is driven by DC series motor of 12V. The torque produced by motors is used to move the locomotive. The main supply to the motor is given through pantographs. The total length of path is 6 feet approximately. The other main equipment are rectifiers, Step-down transformer. Rectifier is used for conversion of alternating current to direct current, Step-down transformers used for convert high voltage power to a low voltage The railway is one of the largest and oldest methods of the transportation in our country serving many people in many ways. The major problem in railways is derailing and obstruction to the locomotive in different ways. Traction is basically two types, electrical traction and nonelectric traction. Electric traction is most advantageous and economical with less maintenance when compared to other.

Low Harmonics Plug-in Home Charging Electric Vehicle Battery Charger BMS State of Charge Balancing using Priority and Sequencing Technique

Poor battery state of health (SOH) or unit cell replacement of a damaged battery may cause an imbalance in the state of charge (SOC) or battery voltage terminal of electric vehicle (EV) batteries, which can negatively impact EV performance and EV batteries when charging. Battery Management System (BMS) monitor charges safely and efficiently. BMS can maximize battery life, can estimate SOC and State of health (SOH). EV Charger charge batteries individually in sequence (parallel) or, at once while in series connection. BMS cell balance controls battery charging in series or parallel using macro charging circuits. This study discusses series motor DC drive Electric Car (EC) Battery Management System (BMS) utilizing macro charging circuit and cell balancing control method. The MATLAB/Simulink software used to test the control algorithm shows that the proposed BMS cell balancing algorithm works effectively and meets our expectations.

Series Motor Four Quadrants DC Chopper For DC Drive Electric Vehicle Driving Cycle Test

The most common need for electric car is to be able to carry a maximum load of 850-1300 kg. The expected maximum speed of the electric vehicle (EC) is about at 110-120 km/h and the acceleration is for 60Km/h in less than 10 seconds. To determine whether the DC Drive EV performance is up to a standard requirement for the end user’s such as maximum speed, cruising speed, acceleration, deceleration, stability, safety, etc., an EV’s full design must go through some sort of testing. This study examined the use of a series motor and a four-quadrant DC chopper (FQDC) for typical driving cycle tests like the New European Driving Cycle to test these special requirements of a DC drive electric automobile (NEDC). Using Matlab/Simulink software and vehicle dynamics equations, a simulation model of the DC Drive EV is created in order to examine and investigate the performance under the NEDC test applied to the FQDC in order to make sure that it complies with the NEDC requirements. From the test findings, it can be inferred that the FQDC is capable of meeting all NEDC standards.

Series Motor Four Quadrants Drive DC Chopper Controllers Noise Cancellation

DC Series motor armature reaction causes EMI. EMI generates noise signals that affect feedback sensor readings, feedback controller function, and controller halting. This paper discusses software discrete filter and RLC hardware filter noise cancellation and filtering. The filter eliminates EMI-induced IGBT gate firing noise. Matlab/Simulink tests the filter circuit and digital filter control method, confirming software and hardware filter implementation.

Automatic Speed Control of DC Series Motor by Using Arduino

Automatic Speed Control of DC Series Motor by Using Arduino

Differential decline of physical fitness with age according to Body Mass Index levels.

The main objective of this study was to assess the association between age and physical fitness and motor fitness components according to BMI levels, in men and women separately, and to test if this association is different between BMI levels. This cross-sectional study was based on a pre-existing database from the DiagnoHealth battery, a French series of physical fitness and motor fitness tests designed by the Institut des Rencontres de la Forme (IRFO; Wattignies, France). Analyses were perfomed on 6830 women (65.8%) and 3356 men (34.2%) aged from 50 to 80 years. In this French series several physical fitness and motor fitness components were measured: cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), speed, upper muscular endurance, lower muscular endurance, lower body muscular strengh, agility, balance, and flexibility. From the results of these tests, a specific score named Quotient of Physical Condition was calculated. Associations between age and physical fitness and motor fitness components according to BMI levels were modelized using linear regression for quantitative components, and ordinal logistic regression for ordinal components. Analyses were performed separately for women and men. A significant association of age with physical fitness and motor fitness performance in each BMI levels were observed in women except for lower muscular endurance, muscular strength and flexibility in obese women. A significant association of age with physical fitness and motor fitness performance in each BMI levels were observed in men except for upper/lower muscular endurance and flexibility in obese men. The present results shown that most of physical fitness and motor fitness decrease with age in women and men. Lower muscular endurance, muscular strength and flexibility did not change in obese women, thereas upper/lower muscular endurance and flexibility did not change in obese men. This finding is particularly revelant for guiding prevention strategies for maintaining physical fitness and motor fitness performance, which is one of the most important component of healthy aging and wellbeing.

Effect of Faulty Solenoid Starter on the DC Series Motor Performance in Railway Industry

Effect of Faulty Solenoid Starter on the DC Series Motor Performance in Railway Industry

Speed Control of DC Series Motor PV System via Improved Harmony Search Algorithm

This article introduces the speed adjustment of the DC motor solar system. The developed design matter of the speed controller is established as an optimization problem. Improved Harmony Search Algorithm (IHSA) is employed to seek for optimum Proportional Integral (PI) parameters of speed controller by diminishing the time domain cost function. The performance of the suggested IHSA based speed control of DC motor has been contrasted with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the traditional PI controller found by Ziegler Nichols (ZN) under diverse operating cases and disturbances. The results of the suggested IHSA are confirmed via time domain analysis, and diverse performance indices. Simulation results have proven the influence of the developed approach in adjusting the speed of the DC motor over PSO and traditional algorithms.

Improved Harmony Search Algorithm for Speed Control of DC Series Motor PV System

This article introduces the speed control of the DC motor solar system. The developed design matter of the speed controller is established as an optimization problem. Improved Harmony Search Algorithm (IHSA) is employed to seek for optimum Proportional Integral (PI) parameters of speed controller by diminishing the time domain cost function. The performance of the suggested IHSA based speed control of DC motor has been contrasted with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the traditional PI controller found by Ziegler Nichols (ZN) under diverse operating cases and disturbances. The results of the suggested IHSA are confirmed via time domain analysis, and diverse performance indices. Simulation results have proven the influence of the developed approach in adjusting the speed of the DC motor over PSO and traditional algorithms.

Be Gay Do Crime

This essay deals with queer theory and how it applies to the videogame Cloudpunk and the comic series Motor Crush. Both of these texts use cyberpunk settings to tell stories about finding hope in community. Each text features protagonists trying to navigate worlds where legal success is highly competitive and practically impossible. They must therefore turn to community building, mutual aid, and criminal activity to find happiness. This analysis views the texts through the lens of queer time and queer space making practices as outlined by J Jack Halberstam and Jose Esteban Muñoz. Central to this article’s exploration of these texts is the characters inability and/or refusal to fit neatly into the worlds they inhabit, and how they must therefore find success outside of accepted channels. Success is only found by these characters through an attitude that can be summarised by the queer anarchist meme “be gay, do crime”, which connotes a sense of mischief, solidarity, and standing up to authority. The rigid social hierarchies that are built into the dystopian worlds is reflected in the infrastructure of the cities, which do not account for anyone living outside of an accepted norm. It is therefore considered an act of radical solidarity to break the rules if it is in support of others.

Industrial Power Control by Integral Cycle Switching Without Generating Harmonics

This project is intended to attain vital cycle switching – a technique to get rid of the complete cycle, cycles, or fractions of cycles of an AC signal. It is a renowned and aged technique of managing AC power, principally across linear loads for instance heaters brought into play in electric oven. However, the concept of achieving the cycle stealing of voltage waveform by the use of Arduino can be very precise as per the program written in Arduino C language so that the actual time-average voltage or currently experienced at the load is proportionately lower than the whole signal if applied to the load. In this project, we are using a comparator for zero crossing detection which is fed as an interrupt to the Arduino Here, delivers the output based on the interrupt received as the reference for generating triggering pulses. Using these pulses, we drive the Opto-isolators for triggering the TRIAC to achieve integral cycle control as per the input switches interfaced to the microcontroller. In place of a linear load to be used in the output, a series motor or lamp can be used to verify the output. One side effect of utilizing this scheme is an imbalance in the input current or voltage waveform as the cycles are switched on and off across the load. A lamp is provided in this project in place of a motor for demonstration purpose. The project output with a lamp appears to be a simple project of lamp flickering but the real objective is to verify in a CRO/DSO ,whether at the random switching also the load switches on at zero cross of the waveform or not. The power supply consists of a step-down transformer 230/12V, which steps down the voltage to 12V AC. This is converted to a DC using a Bridge rectifier. The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter, and it is then regulated to +5V using a voltage regulator 7805, which is required for the operation of the microcontroller and other components. Furthermore, this project can be enriched by using a feedback mechanism to automatically maintain the desired output to the load by appropriate cycle stealing

Study and Analysis of Dual Mode Operation of Single DC Motor (Series and Separately Excitation Modes)

This paper presents a novel idea of a method to run DC series motor and then into DC separately excited mode and vice versa during operation. The purpose of this paper is to give an analysis of a real-time study performed experimentally for both series and separately excited operation of DC motor. The DC motor initially started in series mode giving high torque at a constant load in the form of an inertia wheel as starting load. The motor is then switched to separately excited DC mode with the help of switches after attaining the required number of rpm or speed. High speed with sufficient torque and good controllability is observed in separately excited DC motor mode. Eventually, this system has been proven with experimental results and proposed for numerous applications, especially where high starting torque and less speed are required and after that, high speed is required. Analyzing results with the help of MATLAB previously, a hardware-based real-time operating system has been provided. This setup can be proposed for various applications such as battery-operated DC machines especially Electric Vehicles and off-road Electric Vehicles and Solar powered applications as well.

Modeling and Analysis of Mamdani Two-Term Controllers Using Non-Uniformly Distributed Multiple Fuzzy Sets and CoA/CoG Defuzzification

While fuzzy controllers with multiple fuzzy sets and non-uniformly distributed membership functions have the potential to provide better system performance, from the literature, it appears to the authors that till now, no one has found exact mathematical models of fuzzy PI/PD controllers with non-uniformly distributed multiple fuzzy sets and Center of Area (CoA) defuzzification. To bridge this gap, in this paper, analytical structures of the general Mamdani type fuzzy PI/PD controllers are presented using unequally distributed multiple fuzzy sets, Minimum (Min) t-norm, Maximum (Max) s-norm, Larsen Product (LP) inference, and CoA defuzzification. For the purpose of comparison, analytical structures of the controllers are also obtained using Center of Sums (CoS) defuzzification. Properties of the newly obtained controllers are analyzed and compared. Since digital computers are often used for simulation, a rough estimate of the computational complexities and memory requirements are provided. To show the applicability of the newly developed controllers, a nonlinear DC series motor and a nonlinear plant with dead-time are considered. The effectiveness of the proposed controllers is finally shown through a detailed system performance comparison.

Photovoltaic Power System Supplying DC Series Motor.(Dept.E)

In this paper the electrical performance of a DC series motor supplied by a photovoltaic power supply (PVPS) through a pc chopper is evaluated. A PVPS is operated at a maximum power point. this means that it consists of photovoltaic array and a maximum power traking system . The later is used to trak maximum power point. A DC chopper is used for controlling thr motor current and the motor torque the effect of insolation level on the motor current suppliing at different speed and at various firing anglesof thyristor is presented. The effect of series connections of solar cells on the motor performance is also studied. The effect of DC chopper-which is consider as a control unit- upon the motor performance is illustrated. The relationship between the motor current and intensity of radiation at different speed is studied. The study shows that: the motor current increases with increasing of the illumination and the main thyristor ON time. Besides, the motor current is inversely proportional to the motor speed. The effect of series combination is also illustrated. The study shows that a linear variation of motor current wiyh the number of series cells.

Research on servo motor motion control system based on Beckhoff PLC

In order to meet the requirements of high precision, reliability and real-time control of biaxial motion.Taking Beckhoff PLC CX9020 and Yaskawa Σ - 7S series AC servo controller as the control core, using Yaskawa SGM7J series motor and servo driver matching, the X-Y double axis servo motion control system is designed, and the overall hardware design of the control system is carried out. This paper focuses on the parameter setting, analog and digital acquisition, programming and HMI interface setting of servo motor control system. The debugging operation shows that the system runs stably and meets the control requirements of accurate positioning.

New Series Motor Four Quadrants Drive DC Chopper for Economical EV Part5: Parallel mode

This is part five of an eight-part series of a new Four quadrant dc chopper. The paper describes the parallel mode of the proposed Four Quadrants DC Chopper (FQDC) for a series motor. The mode is designed to overcome a disadvantage of dc series motors which is the speed reduction under load. First, it is studied via simulation using Matlab/Simulink model. Then the FQDC is experimentally tested on a 0.65kW series motor in a lab setup. Finally, a MATLAB/Simulink model is developed to apply the FQDC to a 35kW series motor that propels an electric car (EV). The results indicate that the proposed technique manages to prevent the speed drop of a dc series motor when loaded. This is evident when the EV is subjected to a hill climb.

Series Motor Four Quadrants Drive DC Chopper Part3:Field Weakening mode

This paper describes the operation of a field weakening mode of a new four quadrants DC chopper (FQDC) that can be used to extend the speed of an Electric Car (EC). A mathematical model and real experiment are used to verify the effectiveness of the field weakening mode of the proposed FQDC. First, Matlab/Simulink is used to simulate the system under study and the results indicate that the proposed approach is effective. This is followed by a real experiment using a prototype electric vehicle driven by a DC series motor. The results of the experiment show that the proposed FQDC successfully performed the operation as intended.

Fuzzy-PID based control scheme for PMDC series motor speed control

Background/Objectives: PID controllers are widely used in different industrial appliations especially in achieving stable speed control of DC motors. Hower, due to their limitations, most often other methods like Sliding Mode controller, or fuzzy based controller are used. Since the Fuzzy controlers are more adaptive to non-linearity. This study is to analyse a fuzzy-based speed control scheme for tuning/adusting the performance of PID controller for the purpose of speed control of DC motor under the load condition. Methods/Statistical Analysis: Because of low precision and slow response in different control schemes, a performance comparison is shown between three different control approaches for the DC motor speed control. MATLAB’s Simulink platform is used to realize DC Motor and to implement the PID, Fuzzy and Fuzzy-based PID controllers to run the DC motor on the desired speed. Fuzzy controller is based on very few rule & performance is analyzed considering the load. Findings: The performance of three controllers is evaluated in terms of transient domain characteristics like Percentage overshoot, settling and rise times and percentage error under load (2000 rpm). The PID controller has the highest overshoot and hence a faster rise time while FLC has significantly reduced the overshoot, therefore causing rise time to increase. For the Fuzzy-PID controller the percentage overshoot has almost vanished. The rise time also decreased as compared to the FLC. The simulated controller’s responses confirm that Fuzzy-based PID controller has better performance comparing to independent PID and FLC controllers. Novel/Applications: In this work, the design of an intelligent Fuzzy-PID controller for the speed control of the DC motor with reduced complexity and a faster response using with minimum number of Fuzzy rules producing more optimized performance is presented. The design of a control strategy that has capability to control nonlinear behaviors and to stabilize the performance of linear systems specially to provide optimized performance for speed tracking system which is an important aspect in real time system design. Keywords: PMDC motor; PID Controller; fuzzy controller; fuzzy-based PID controller; transient response

Optimal selection of the linear induction motor spacing for the medium-low speed maglev vehicle

ABSTRACT Based on the one-dimensional field theory for linear induction motor (LIM), the analytical model of two adjacent series motors was built, then the relationships between spacing and traction, current, voltage, etc., were derived. The theoretical calculation results were directly verified by finite element simulation and indirectly verified by experiments. Eventually, the selection method for LIM spacing in medium-low speed maglev was proposed. The results show that the spacing affects the backward travelling wave of LIM1 (the first LIM) and the forward travelling wave of LIM2 (the second LIM), thus affects the traction of the motors; the variation range of LIM2 traction influenced by spacing can be as great as 1kN; a reasonable spacing can effectively improve the traction. The selection method of the spacing can provide technical guidance for the design of the medium-low speed maglev, and effectively improve the traction performance of the vehicles.

Experimental based Comparative Analysis and Characteristics of DC Series Motor by using Different Techniques

In this paper, distinct techniques of speed controlling of a DC motor & its characteristics are discussed. DC series motor control by using resistive controller with and without PLC is proposed. The DC motor has a wide range of speed control, which can be used in robots, drilling, cutting, and household and other occasions. The motor voltage can be changed by inserting a resistor in series with DC motor. In this paper, armature resistive drive control technology and motor control PLC technology are used to control motor speed. PLC is used to control resistance of motor, thereby reducing driving voltage to change the speed. The results confirm the authenticity efficiency of the expected method of controlling motor speed.