Exploratory Sequential Mixed Methods Approach Research Articles

Prevalence of Men and Women in Wildlife Management and Conservation and Sustainable Community Based Conservancies in Narok County, Kenya

Gender equity and women’s empowerment are prerequisites to effective biodiversity conservation, climate action and meeting the Sustainable Development Goals. In view of its ecological, social, and economic value, wildlife is an important renewable natural resource. Its significance is felt in areas such as rural development, land-use planning, food supply, tourism, scientific research, and cultural heritage. A better understanding of the different roles, knowledge, needs and aspirations of women and men with regard to wildlife management and conservation can help us achieve the twin goals of better conservation outcomes and increased gender equity. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of men and women in wildlife management and conservation and sustainable community based conservancies within the Maasai Mara ecosystem, Narok County, Kenya with the aim of coming up with the best strategies to enhance gender-responsive and sustainable wildlife ecosystem. The study was carried out in four Maasai Mara wildlife conservancies. A descriptive survey and sequential explanatory mixed-method approach were adopted for the study. A sample size of 167 respondents comprising wildlife managers, conservancy, landowners, and conservancy rangers participated in the study. Data collection was done using questionnaires, Focused Group discussion and interviews. The data collected quantitatively was analysed using descriptive statistics and the findings were presented using percentages, graphs, and tables. The findings showed that there were gender differentials in prevalence of men and women in wildlife management and conservation in the Maasai Mara ecosystem. Women were underrepresented as staff, wildlife managers, and landowners in the conservancies. The study recommends that the wildlife conservancies, institutions, and managers should find ways of incorporating more women into wildlife management and conservation as well as employ gender advocacy and empowerment programmes to facilitate gender equity in wildlife ecosystems.

Intervening to eliminate the centre-effect variation in home dialysis use: protocol for Inter-CEPt—a sequential mixed-methods study designing an intervention bundle

IntroductionUse of home dialysis by centres in the UK varies considerably and is decreasing despite attempts to encourage greater use. Knowing what drives this unwarranted variation requires in-depth understanding of...

55-OR: Veterans with Type 2 Diabetes: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding Diabetes Distress

Diabetes Distress (DD, i.e., regimen, emotional, interpersonal, clinician) in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with poor glycemic control, poorer diet and exercise, and more T2DM complications. We describe a multi-phased study to develop and test a tailored intervention to reduce DD to improve health outcomes. Phases 1-3 identified factors related to DD in Veterans with T2DM to inform intervention development. We used an explanatory sequential mixed methods design to identify how Veterans with T2DM experienced DD. Veterans (n=210) completed measures (DD, depression, empowerment, stigma) . A subset of Veterans (n=36) also completed in-depth qualitative interviews. We fit a multivariable linear regression to examine associations with DD score. We completed thematic analysis on interview transcripts. We integrated measurement and interview data using matrices and analyzed results by medication type, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) , and severity of DD (low, moderate, high) . Mean age was 63 years (SD 10.2) ; 15% female; 69% non-white; 56% on insulin; mean A1c 8.9% (SD 2.0) ; mean DD score was 2.0 (SD 0.9) , indicating moderate distress. In the regression model, female gender (β= -0.31; 95% CI: -0.57, -0.04) , diagnosis of multiple mental health comorbidities vs. one condition (β=-0.29; 95% CI: -0.55, -0.03) , higher depression symptom (β=0.15; severity (95% CI: 0.08, 0.23) and stigma (β=0.02; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.04) were associated with higher DD. Higher T2DM self-efficacy (β=-0.34; 95% CI: -0.51, -0.18) was associated with lower DD. Interviews elaborated on themes including the impact of pain and comorbidities on DD. Integrating the measurement and interview data indicated that experiences of DD varies by many characteristics based on medication type, HbA1c, and severity of DD. Elucidating contributors to DD in Veterans using mixed methods will improve our ability to develop a tailored intervention addressing DD in a manner relevant to Veteran populations. Disclosure A.Lewinski: Other Relationship; Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc., PhRMA Foundation. S.J.Barcinas: None. H.B.Bosworth: Advisory Panel; Sanofi, Board Member; preventics diagnostics, Consultant; VIDYA, webmed, Research Support; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, improved Patient Outcomes, Merck & Co., Inc., Novo Nordisk, Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. M.J.Crowley: None. A.S.Jeffreys: None. C.Coffman: None. C.Whitfield: None. T.Howard: None. A.Shapiro: None. E.S.Mcconnell: None. P.Tanabe: None. Funding Durham Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation (CIN 13-4) and VA HSR&D grants #18-234 (to AAL) and #08-027 (to HBB) .

Mobile learning application: Infusing critical thinking in the EFL classroom.

The emergence of mobile learning applications facilitates the pedagogical approach to developing students’ critical thinking. However, there is a scarcity of investigation on mobile learning applications’ impact on developing critical thinking as the learning outcome. Thus, this study reports the effect of a mobile learning application, ‘English with Noni’, designed to infuse critical thinking instruction in EFL classes on students’ critical thinking level by employing a sequential explanatory mixed-method approach. A quasi-experimental study was conducted to examine the critical thinking level of 65 students of a junior high school in Jakarta, Indonesia, by administering a post-test assessed using a SOLO rubric. Semi-structured interviews to explore students’ responses from using the ‘English with Noni’ application and class observation contributed to the qualitative findings. The quantitative result showed that the critical thinking level of the experimental group using this application improved significantly more than the controlled group did. The qualitative result suggested that the experimental group had positive responses to using it. They confirmed that it was interesting. They also admitted that it contributed to developing their critical thinking (i.e., predicting, providing reasons, expressing viewpoints, finding alternatives, and making conclusions), language skills (i.e., listening, reading, and writing), and sub-skill (vocabulary). The findings imply that critical thinking activities and learning affordances provided in the ‘English with Noni’ application is a potential tool to enhance students’ critical thinking infused in the EFL class, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic situation, by emphasizing self-regulated learning.

Real world complexities of periodization in a youth soccer academy: An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach

ABSTRACT The purpose of the study was to (1) assess the training load experienced during pre-season and in-season meso-cycles within youth academy soccer players and (2) investigate the extent to which the intended periodized approach was implemented, considering those factors that affected its realization. An explanatory sequential mixed-method design comprising two phases was adopted. Phase 1 encompassed the quantitative analysis of training load data, using 10 Hz GPS, and consisted of 17 youth academy soccer players (age 17 ± 1 yrs; stature 179 ± 9 cm; body mass 72 ± 9 kg), from a professional English soccer academy. Phase 2 involved the collection of qualitative data in relation to the data collected in phase 1 of the study. Three semi-structured interviews were conducted with the lead strength and conditioning coach at the same academy, to gain his reflections on the data, its alignments with desired outcomes, and factors that impacted on the enactment of the periodized training programme. The results provide original information on the training load experienced within a youth soccer academy and novel insights into the complex realities of enacting periodized training programmes in practice.

Balaton Lake (virtual) projected and perceived destination image amid Covid-19 pandemic.

In days gone by, Balaton Lake predominately attracted domestic tourists, without focusing on the countries which neighbour Hungary and their respective markets. However, as a consequence of the Covid-19 pandemic, domestic and regional tourism flows have been stimulated, as travel restrictions resulted in a tendency towards travel to local and neighbouring destinations. In line with these trends, the research investigates the congruence of both Balaton Lake’s projected and perceived (virtual) destination image in the era of Covid-19, with Serbia being considered as a neighbouring and emitting market. The study deployed a sequential exploratory mixed-method approach (qualitative and then quantitative). The study contributes to the existing knowledge by addressing the gap between the visual and textual content of a projected (virtual) destination image and by acknowledging non-visitor perception of destination image in the context of pronounced regional international travel.

An evaluation of the impact of the Coronavirus (COVID 19) pandemic on interventional radiographers' wellbeing

BackgroundInterventional radiographers have substantially contributed to patient care during the pandemic by providing imaging guidance during minimally invasive procedures. The aim of this research is to quantify the impact of the pandemic on an interventional radiographers’ wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsEthical approval was obtained at the outset of this study. An explanatory sequential mixed methods approach, using questionnaires and interviews, was used to explore and evaluate interventional radiographers' wellbeing; physical, mental and social. An electronic self-administered questionnaire was administered to interventional radiographers and a semi-structured interview was conducted on two respondents. ResultsResponses were received from 40 interventional radiographers. Physical, mental and social wellbeing of interventional radiographers deteriorated since the onset of COVID-19. All forms of wellbeing were negatively impacted during the pandemic with mental wellbeing (82.5%) the most impacted, closely followed by physical (75%) and social wellbeing (50%). Half of responding interventional radiographers reported being “highly stressed” while working during COVID-19. Physical activity levels decreased, caffeine consumption increased and consumption of a healthy diet decreased. Almost all interventional radiographers (95%) had anxiety about passing the virus onto family or friends and 60% of noted a deterioration in relationship with friends. Three key themes identified included the importance of teamwork, the physical demand and mental impacts of working in interventional radiology during the pandemic. ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on interventional radiographers' wellbeing. The implications of staff having a diminished sense of wellbeing is that productivity is likely to have been reduced and potentially related burnout can lead to illness. This research highlights the need to focus on identifying methods of addressing the shortcomings in support services and identifying the specific needs of interventional radiographers to improve their wellbeing.

Influence Of External Examination On The Teaching And Learning Of Mathematics At The Secondary Education In Pakistan

This study explores the influence of external examination on teaching and learning of Mathematics at the secondary schools affiliated with provincial and private examination boards in Pakistan. By employing the explanatory sequential mixed-method approach, this study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the Mathematics examination papers of last five years from both provincial and private examination boards were reviewed and analyzed to understand (1) the cognitive complexities required from the learners to solve the questions, (2) the frequency and variety in which the questions were repeated and (3) the chapters of prescribed books from which the questions are selected in the examination of last five years. In the second phase, semi-structured interviews with teachers and students were conducted, along with participatory observation to understand how the examination patterns shape their teaching and learning. The findings revealed that the external examination directly influences teachers’ teaching, and indirectly students’ learning. Both the positive and negative effects of the external examination were found on the teaching and learning strategies of teachers and students, respectively.

When are performance-approach goals more adaptive for Chinese EFL learners? It depends on their underlying reasons

Abstract It has been debated for years whether performance-approach goals represents a maladaptive form of students’ motivation. Recently, researchers proposed that students’ reasons underlying their performance-approach goals may further our understanding of the nature of these goals (goal complexes). With a sequential explanatory mixed-method approach, we examined the function of performance-approach goal complexes on students’ L2 self-efficacy and anxiety, by surveying 283 Chinese college EFL-learners and conducting semi-structured interviews with six purposefully-selected students. Quantitative analyses showed that our data partly supported the proposed mediation model. Students’ controlled reasons to have performance-approach goals showed a significant direct effect on both their L2 anxiety (positively) and L2 self-efficacy (negatively). Conversely, students’ autonomous reasons showed a positive effect on their L2 self-efficacy, and a negative effect on their L2 anxiety, indirectly through their performance-approach goals. Qualitative interviews provided further insights into the mechanism of the model. Pedagogical implications and directions for future studies are discussed.

Is Infant birth weight and mothers perceived birth size associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in Ghana?

IntroductionDespite widespread advocacy for exclusive breastfeeding, and the associated benefits of exclusive breastfeeding for both infants and mothers, there is low prevalence in both developed and developing countries. Additionally, although several studies have been conducted on exclusive breastfeeding, very few of such studies have linked birth weight and birth size to exclusive breastfeeding. This study seeks to examine the influence of birth weight and birth size on exclusive breastfeeding.MethodologyThis study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed method approach using both quantitative and qualitative methods. The quantitative approach used cross-sectional data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (GDHS) and the qualitative data from interviews with exclusive breastfeeding mothers from two health facilities in La Nkwantanang Municipal Assembly in Accra, Ghana. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine whether infants birth weight and mothers perceived birth size are associated with the practice of exclusive breastfeeding while the qualitative data provided further insights into the findings from the quantitative analysis.ResultsMajority (85%) of the infants in the study were of normal birth weight while 52% of the infants were perceived by their mothers to be of small birth size. The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was found to be 54.8%. The birth weight of infants and mothers’ perceived birth size were found to be significant predictors of exclusive breastfeeding. Infants of normal birth weight (OR = 7.532; 95% CI: 2.171–26.132) and high birth weight (OR = 6.654; 95% CI: 1.477–29.978) were more likely to be exclusively breastfed compared to low-birth-weight infants. Similarly, infants perceived to be of normal birth size were more likely (OR = 1.908; 95% CI: 1.058–3.441) to be exclusively breastfed compared to infants perceived to be of small birth size. The findings from the qualitative analysis show that birth weight rather than birth size influence mothers’ decision to practice exclusive breastfeeding.ConclusionThe findings of the study underscore the relevance of infant birth weight and perceived birth size in the practice of exclusive breastfeeding and highlights the need to incorporate both actual measurement of birth weight, and perception of infant’s birth size into policies targeted at exclusive breastfeeding. There is the need for deliberate targeted efforts at women who deliver infants of low birth weight and women who perceive their children to be of small birth size to practice exclusive breastfeeding.

Bereaved parents’ perspectives on their child’s end-of-life care: connecting a self-report questionnaire and interview data from the nationwide Paediatric End-of-LIfe CAre Needs in Switzerland (PELICAN) study

BackgroundPaediatric Palliative Care (PPC) focuses on ensuring the best possible quality of life for the child and his/her family by extending beyond the physical domain into psychosocial and spiritual wellbeing. A deep understanding of what is important to parents is crucial in guiding the further evaluation and improvement of PPC and end-of-life (EOL) care services. Much can be learned from specific positive and negative experiences of bereaved parents with the EOL care of their child. This report builds upon a questionnaire survey as part of the national Paediatric End-of-LIfe CAre Needs in Switzerland (PELICAN) study.MethodsOne part of the PELICAN study was set up to assess and explore the parental perspectives on their child’s EOL care. Interview data were used to explain the extremely positive and negative results of a quantitative survey in an explanatory sequential mixed-methods approach. Data integration occurred at different points: during sampling of the interview participants, when designing the interview guide and during analysis. A narrative approach was applied to combine the qualitative results reported here with the already published quantitative survey results.ResultsEighteen mothers (60%) and twelve fathers (40%) participated in 20 family interviews. All parents reported having both positive and negative experiences during their child’s illness and EOL, which was characterised by many ups and downs. The families transitioned through phases with a prospect of a cure for some children as well as setbacks and changing health status of the child which influenced prognosis, leading to the challenge of making extremely difficult decisions. Severely negative experiences still haunted and bothered the parents at the time when the interview took place.ConclusionsA deep understanding of the perspectives and needs of parents going through the devastating event of losing a child is important and a prerequisite to providing compassionate care. This complex care needs to recognise and respond to the suffering not only of the child but of the parents and the whole family. Communication and shared decision-making remain pivotal, as do still improvable elements of care that should build on trustful relationships between families and healthcare professionals.

Supporting Experiential Learning Opportunities for Students With Disabilities

Limited research explores the experiences of disability resource professionals who support students with disabilities in accessing experiential learning outside the classroom environment. This study used an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach to investigate whether and how accommodations are provided to and used by students with disabilities (SWDs) during experiential learning outside the classroom. Findings suggest that many higher education institutions focus on the classroom needs of SWDs to the exclusion of other, equally critical academic needs. Themes identified in both a national survey and qualitative interviews highlight the need to provide additional support for SWDs outside the classroom.

Student internship experiences: areas for improvement and student choices of internship practices

PurposeThis paper investigates areas for improvement in internship practices from the perspectives of key stakeholders, such as university department leaders, host company leaders, lecturers, work supervisors, graduates, and final year students. Student choices of internship practices are also reported.Design/methodology/approachAn exploratory sequential mixed methods approach was implementing that included three focus groups, 15 individual in-depth interviews, and 461 responses to a student survey. In the qualitative phase, deductive thematic analysis was employed to explore areas for improvement in internship practices. In the quantitative phase, descriptive statistical analysis, and two non-parametric tests were used: the Mann–Whitney tests and Kruskal–Wallis tests, followed by pairwise comparisons to identify student choices of internship practices.FindingsThe corroboration and triangulation of the qualitative and quantitative data sets revealed three distinct areas for improvement in internship practices in Vietnamese universities. These are internship learning outcomes, internship support, and internship assessment. Findings highlighted the crucial role of industry stakeholders, including work supervisors in the entire process of the internship, as well as the key responsibility of universities in improving student internship experiences.Originality/valueAreas for improvement and student choices of internship practices in Vietnamese universities have not been discussed previously. Findings carry practical, policy and theoretical implications for higher education in Vietnam and other countries striving to enhance student internship experiences. Hence, this study contributes to the Vietnamese and international WIL literature with its findings emerging from a complex mixed-methods design. This methodological approach offers enhanced reliability and validity of findings compared to previous research in the field that relied on a single data set.

Employing e-tandem language learning method to enhance speaking skills and willingness to communicate: the case of EFL learners

The present study adopted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach to explore the impact of e-tandem on English as a foreign language (EFL) learners’ speaking skills (i.e. speaking fluency and coherence, lexicon, grammatical range and accuracy, and pronunciation) and willingness to communicate (WTC). To this end, two classes at a language institute were randomly assigned to an experimental group (e-tandem group) with 22 EFL learners and a control group (conventional group) with 20 EFL learners. The learners in the e-tandem class communicated with foreign English speakers online using Tandem, a language exchange application, and those in the conventional class had collaborative speaking activities during the class time. IELTS speaking skill test, willingness-to-communicate scale, and an individual semi-structured interview were used to collect the required quantitative and qualitative data. Paired samples t-test and one-way ANCOVA, used to analyse the quantitative data, indicated that e-tandem and conventional classes developed the EFL learners’ speaking skills and WTC; however, the e-tandem group outperformed the conventional group on speaking skills and WTC. Thematic analysis, applied to analyse the qualitative data, generated a number of themes and categories signifying the e-tandem learners’ positive attitudes and perceptions towards the e-tandem-based collaborative speaking activities. Pedagogical implications are discussed for collaborative speaking courses in EFL settings.

Development and Psychometric Evaluation of Family Caregivers' Hardiness Scale: A Sequential-Exploratory Mixed-Method Study.

ObjectiveCaring for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a stressful situation and an overwhelming task for family caregivers. Therefore, these caregivers need to have their hardiness empowered to provide proper and appropriate care to these older adults. From the introduction of the concept of hardiness, few studies have been conducted to assess the hardiness of caregivers of patients with AD. Presumably, one reason for this knowledge gap is the lack of a proper scale to evaluate hardiness in this group. This study was conducted to develop a reliable and valid Family Caregivers’ Hardiness Scale (FCHS) to measure this concept accurately among Iranian family caregivers sample.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional study with a sequential-exploratory mixed-method approach. The concept of family caregivers’ hardiness was clarified using deductive content analysis, and item pools were generated. In the psychometric step, the samples were 435 family caregivers with a mean age of 50.26 (SD ± 13.24), and the data were gathered via an online form questionnaire. In this step, the items of the FCHS were evaluated using face and content validity. Then, the factor structure was determined and confirmed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) followed by convergent and divergent validity, respectively. Finally, scale reliability, including stability, and internal consistency were evaluated.ResultsThe finding revealed that FCHS consists of five factors, namely, “Religious Coping” (5 items), “Self-Management” (6 items), “Empathic Communication” (3 items), “Family Affective Commitment” (3 items), and “Purposeful Interaction” (4 items) that explained 58.72% of the total variance. The results of CFA showed a good model fit. Reliability showed acceptable internal consistency and stability.ConclusionBased on the results of the psychometric evaluation of the FCHS, turned out that the concept of hardiness in Iranian family caregivers is a multidimensional concept that is most focused on individual-cultural values, emotional family relationships, and social relationships. The designed scale also has acceptable validity and reliability features that can be used in future studies to measure this concept in family caregivers.

Pre-service Teachers’ Perceptions of and Knowledge for Mathematical Modelling in Ghana

Mathematical modelling, in general, improves problem-solving skills and can lead to innovation. Using an explanatory sequential mixed method approach, this study considered West African pre-service teachers’ concepts of mathematical modelling as they tried to solve modelling-type application problems. The study was conducted in selected tertiary institutions in Ghana to determine pre-service teacher preparedness for teaching mathematical modelling at secondary schools. Modelling-type tasks were given to 30 undergraduate pre-service mathematics teachers who had completed several content courses. After attempting these tasks, questionnaires elicited further information about their views of and familiarity with modelling. A careful analysis of the written responses revealed that the majority understood some basic ideas of modelling. However, four of the respondents demonstrated minimal understanding of mathematical modelling concepts, and those four were interviewed about their perceptions. Analysis of the four selected pre-service secondary math teachers’ written responses revealed both conceptual and procedural errors, and the interviews revealed that they had little familiarity with the mathematical modelling. Authors suggest that modelling should be part of the West African senior high school mathematics curriculum to build confidence and capabilities among students, who are next generation’s teachers, and this will generatively propagate economic development.

Physical educators’ experiences and perceptions towards teaching autistic children: a mixed methods approach

ABSTRACT Background: Physical educators often reported being ill-equipped to teach autistic children. Furthermore, autistic children often report having negative experiences in physical education. The physical educator is key to shaping these experiences; however, research examining these educators’ perspective towards teaching autistic children is limited. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore physical educators’ experiences working with autistic children. Method: A sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was utilized by first administering a questionnaire to physical educators about their perceptions towards teaching autistic children, and second, conducting in-depth interviews with a subset of the sample. Results: Survey data revealed that participants perceived that a variety of autistic characteristics challenging their ability to effectively teach autistic children. These challenges were further elaborated on in qualitative data in the theme of ‘autism is a spectrum: an array of challenges’. Moreover, participants discussed strategies employed to effectively work with autistic children (theme 2: ‘best practices’), including the importance of relationship building (theme 3: ‘relationship building is vital’). Conclusions/Implications: Although physical educators are using various evidence-based practices and hold some views that the challenges autistic children face are partly attributed to society and the structures within it, a medical model viewpoint continues to be prominent. Future research should examine how physical educators form their views towards teaching autistic children.

Developing and psychometric testing of the evaluation tool for disaster exercises design stage: A mixed method study.

BackgroundExercise in different health sectors is an important step in preparing programs for disaster risk management. The present study aimed to develop and validate a tool for evaluating disaster exercises during the design stage in the health sector.MethodsThis methodological study was conducted in two phases using an explanatory sequential mixed method approach. Semi-structured interviews with 25 disaster-related health professionals were conducted during the qualitative phase (item generation), and a systematic review was done to evaluate items pool of disaster exercises design stage tool. The quantitative phase (item reduction) assessed both face and content validity, as well as reliability using Cronbach’s alpha and intra-class correlation coefficient.ResultsAt the first stage four main categories and eleven subcategories were extracted from the data, the main categories including "coordination, command and guidance of exercise", "hardware and software requirements of exercise ", "organizational exercise resources", and "communication and exercise public information". The initial items pool included 164 items that were reduced to 50 after the assessment of validity (face and content). Cronbach’s alpha (0.89) and intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.72) tests indicated that the tool is also reliable.ConclusionThe research findings provide a new categorization perspective to understand the disaster exercises evaluation in the health sector. The existing 50-item tool can evaluate disaster exercises design stage in the health sector through collecting data with appropriate validity and reliability.

Situating zoonotic diseases in peacebuilding and development theories: Prioritizing zoonoses in Jordan.

Zoonotic diseases are projected to be a serious public threat in the coming decades. In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended that Jordan prioritize their list of zoonoses, partially in response to the influx of Syrian refugees. We write this paper to expand the One Health framework by situating zoonotic diseases in peacebuilding and development theories in order to prioritize zoonotic diseases in Jordan. We employ an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach to create a modified version of the Center for Disease Control's (CDC) One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization (OHZDP) tool. We use an integrative literature review to develop a list of zoonoses to be prioritized. We expand the One Health framework by arguing health inequity is a form of violence, and thus promotion of health equity is a form of peacebuilding. We undertake thematic and statistical analyses to assess the 12 previously published OHZDP tools to evaluate necessity for change to the process given COVID-19 and the refugee situation in Jordan. In these analyses we use drivers of health indicators as measurements for peacebuilding and development, given these drivers are related to health inequities, to guide weighting of the criteria in our tool for Jordan. We apply our modified OHZDP tool to prioritize our disease list. We find it necessary to give socioeconomic factors greater consideration and to distribute weighting more evenly among all criteria within the tool when prioritizing zoonotic diseases in better reflect the Jordanian context and incorporate the refugee population. We find the priority zoonoses within Jordan to be bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, and COVID-19, with most having a disproportionately negative impact on refugees. In Jordan's case, zoonotic diseases represent an area where promoting social equity for individuals is essential to the larger society. In this sense managing zoonoses is an area uniquely suited for peacebuilding.

#CancelCulture: Examining definitions and motivations

While cancel culture has become a social media buzzword, scholarly understanding of this phenomenon is still at its nascent stage. To contribute to a more nuanced understanding of cancel culture, this study uses a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach by starting with in-depth interviews with social media users ( n = 20) followed by a national online survey ( n = 786) in Singapore. Through the interviews, we found that our participants understand cancel culture as more than just a mob engaged in public shaming on social media; it also involves perceptions of power imbalance and social justice. Building on these perspectives from our interviews, we tested the framework of theory of planned behavior in predicting intention to engage in cancel culture and expanded it by examining the effects of people’s belief in a just world using an online national survey in Singapore. The analysis showed that attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control were positively related to intention to engage in cancel culture, while general belief in a just world was a negative predictor.