In the recycling process of spent lithium-ion batteries (SLIBs), rapid and effective separation of the cathode material and current collector aluminium (Al) foil is a significant and difficult step. However, traditional separation methods have some drawbacks, including high energy consumption and cost and toxicity. In this study, we selected oxalic acid (OA), a green and low-cost simple organic acid, as the separating agent. Within 6 minutes of oxalic acid treatment, more than 99% of the nickel-manganese-cobalt (NCM) cathode materials are separated from the current collector Al foil. The mechanism analysis shows that the reaction of oxalic acid with the surface of the Al foil destroys the connection between the Al foil and the adhesive, while the oxalate protective layer formed on the surface of the NCM cathode material prevents further corrosion of the NCM cathode material, maintaining a good structural integrity. This green and efficient separation method provides an economical and viable solution for SLIB regeneration or upcycling.

Advanced tools and methodologies for identification, characterization, and quantification of micro/nano plastics in environmental matrices.

Bio-inspired ionic liquid design: An advanced and environmentally friendly microextraction method for the selective separation and precise quantification of gallic acid in complex plant-derived matrices.

Multi-scale mechanisms and environmental implications of dissolved organic matter-metal ions interactions in aquatic environments: A review.

Determination of 226Ra by chemical separation and radioactive equilibrium method

Recent advances in modern extracellular vesicle isolation and separation techniques.

Zuclopenthixol was reported to treat schizophrenia, psychoses, and acute bipolar mania. 2-Chlorothioxanthon is reported to be zuclopenthixol official Impurity C (IMP C), and it is considered to be zuclopenthixol synthetic precursor. IMP C was reported to have toxicity on mRNA and protein expression. Environmentally validated HPTLC and HUPLC were developed for the simultaneous analysis of zuclopenthixol and IMP C in the analytical standard form and in pharmaceutical form, according to ICH guidelines. Regarding the HPTLC method, zuclopenthixol and its toxic impurity were separated using a mobile phase consisting of dichloromethane:ethyl acetate:triethylamine (6:4.5:0.4, v/v), and the scanning wavelength was 257 nm. For the HUPLC method, the simultaneous separation was completed within 2 min using Waters, CORTECS C8 (4.6 mm × 150, 2.7 μm) as a stationary phase. The applied mobile phase was an isocratic mixture of methanol:water (80:20, v/v), pH was 3.25 ± 0.02 using orthophosphoric acid, pumping at 3 mL/min, and the detection wavelength was 257 nm. To evaluate the greenness value of the presented methods, the Eco-Scale Assessment method, Analytical Greenness Metric, and Green Analytical Procedure Index were applied. The practicality of the analytical methods was evaluated using the Blue Applicability Grade Index. Additionally, the analytical whiteness was determined via the RGB algorithm.

Sn is the main isobaric interference for Cd isotopic compositions determination. To eliminate the Sn, two step separation methods using anion resin combined with commercially available TRU and UTEVA extraction...

In the contemporary landscape, polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases have garnered significant popularity for several reasons: (i) their broad application range, (ii) the availability of diverse chemistry options in both coated and immobilized forms, and (iii) their substantial loading capacity, advantageous for preparative-scale operations. Undoubtedly, chiral separations continue to be a focal point, especially within the pharmaceutical sector, where supercritical fluid chromatography is swiftly gaining traction. However, its utilization presents greater complexity compared to high-performance liquid chromatography. The provided examples serve to elucidate the development of analytical-scale chiral separation methods and the impact of each operational parameter, such as flow rate, outlet pressure, and temperature variations, on chiral separation.

Sustainable recovery of phospholipid-enriched polar lipids from scallop processing wastes for multifunctional application.

A first comprehensive quantification of microplastic contamination in the gastrointestinal tract of endangered caspian seals (Pusa caspica) from the Caspian Sea.

Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography purification and structural characterization of xylobiose isomers synthesized by β-xylosidase.

Enzymatic reactions usually occur with a high substrate, product, or substrate-product stereoselectivity. In many instances, information on the stereochemical disposition of biologically active metabolites is indispensable for a complete understanding of biological processes and metabolic states. This raised interest in structural isomerism and stereoisomerism in metabolomics and lipidomics. While structural and geometrical isomers, as well as diastereomers, can be principally distinguished by achiral liquid chromatography (LC) and also ion-mobility mass spectrometry (MS), enantiomers require enantioselective separation methods. While untargeted enantioselective metabolomics is mostly based on the derivatization of metabolites with a chiral derivatizing agent, followed by LC separation on achiral columns and hyphenation with high-resolution mass spectrometry, targeted enantioselective LC with chiral stationary phases mostly employs robust triple quadrupole (QqQ) mass spectrometry for detection. It is a powerful technology, yet it focuses primarily on a broad, metabolite class-wide coverage. This chapter describes four distinct fields of application of targeted enantioselective LC-tandem mass spectrometry assays for important and representative metabolite classes. The first one deals with the enantioselective analysis of oxylipins using polysaccharide-based chiral columns, with protocols applicable for platelets and plasma; the second focuses on 3-hydroxyfatty acid enantiomer separations in plasma and platelets; the third application provides two workflows for proteinogenic enantioselective amino acid analysis; and the fourth application proposes methodologies for enantioselective short branched-chain fatty acid analysis. Critical aspects are discussed.

Signal separation method based on large aperture multistatic radar for escort jamming suppression

An efficient lung sound separation algorithm base on GIHO-VMD.

A separation method of vibration signals for transformers based on high-resolution adaptive TIFROM

A study on the separation method of radiation noise contributions from multiple ship equipment based on reverse transfer path analysis

Performance of analytical techniques for microplastic and nanoplastic quantification in the presence of clay.

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) from dismantled WEEE contain various materials such as polymers, ceramics, wood, and metals. Metal recovery is the main objective of effective and appropriate recycling of PCB waste. In addition to precious metals (Ag, Au, Pd, etc.), this waste contains other valuable metals (Cu, Sn, Fe, Al, etc.). A crucial step in the recovery process is the concentration of metal particles. This study aims to determine an effective process for enriching metal particles, using simple methods suitable for developing countries, in order to recover metals, particularly precious metals, contained in PCBs. Two types of crushed PCBs, from RAM memory and mobile phone waste, were studied. Two concentration methods were used: a magnetic separation method using a neodymium magnet and a gravimetric separation method using a vibrating table. The results showed that magnetic separation, although not very effective, reduced the amount of magnetic metals. Gravimetric separation showed that the [0.355-0.09] mm particle size was more suitable for separation by vibrating table than the other particle sizes tested in this study (< 0.09 mm, [0.71-0.355] mm, and [1.5-0.71] mm). The precious metal yields for this particle size range between 73% and 87%.

Solid-state batteries have attracted much attention due to their safety and energy density. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) shows great application potential due to its excellent flexibility, mechanical properties, and processing performance. However, limited ionic conductivity restricts its application. In addition, suppressing the growth of lithium dendrites is another key issue to be solved in solid-state batteries. Adding ionic conductive fillers (e.g., Li7La3Zr2O12) to increase ionic conductivity is the main method. In previous work, we found that surface modification of Li7La3Zr2O12 with gallium-based liquid metal can improve interfacial compatibility and inhibit the growth of lithium dendrites, thereby improving the battery's performance. In this study, we combined LM-modified Li7La3Zr2O12 with PVPF-HFP and used the phase separation method to fabricate composite films with a porous network. After absorbing the electrolyte, gel electrolytes (GPEs) were obtained. With the modification of the filler and optimization of pore size and connectivity, the gel electrolyte achieved an ionic conductivity of 3.8 × 10-3 S·cm-1 at room temperature. The half-cell equipped with the modified gel electrolyte can cycle 400 times at 1C with a retention rate of 96.24%, showing promising cycling stability. This research provides insight into the design and application of gel electrolytes.