Sense Of Defeat Research Articles

Relationship between marital satisfaction and defeat in IVF-ET: based on actor-partner interdependence model approach

Objective A person’s marital satisfaction is a strong predictor of their own mental health outcomes. However, marital satisfaction results from both spouses’ experiences, so a partner’s marital satisfaction also affects his or her mental health outcomes. This study adopted the actor-partner interdependence model approach (APIM) to evaluate the relationship between marital satisfaction and sense of defeat in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) couples. Methods and measures In this cross-sectional study, 181 infertile couples undergoing IVF-ET treatment were recruited using the Marital Satisfaction Scale of the ENRICH Marital Quality Questionnaire and Defeat Scale. Through APIM and Pearson analysis, the path relationship between marital satisfaction and defeat was analyzed. Results The varying degrees of defeat in IVF-ET couples, are closely related to actors’ and partners’ marital satisfaction. In terms of actor effects, the Marital Satisfaction of both husbands (β = −0.71, p < 0.001) and wives (β = −0.46, p = 0.001) have a significant effect on individual Defeat. With regard to partner effects, husbands’ Marital Satisfaction (β = −0.23, p = 0.038) has a significant impact on wives’ Defeat and the wives’ Marital Satisfaction (β = −0.45, p = −0.005) has a significant impact on husbands’ Defeat. Conclusion IVF-ET couples must be looked at as a whole, and it is critical to include couples and not just men or women when studying infertility. The importance of their interaction is essential to improve the psychosocial adaptation of infertile couples in IVF-ET treatment.

Randomised controlled trial of automated VR therapy to improve positive self-beliefs and psychological well-being in young people diagnosed with psychosis: a study protocol for the Phoenix VR self-confidence therapy trial

IntroductionThe confidence of young people diagnosed with psychosis is often low. Positive self-beliefs may be few and negative self-beliefs many. A sense of defeat and failure is common. Young people...

Sense of Defeat, Social Status and Oral Health among Forensic Psychiatric Patients

Abstract Aims The aim was to examine how sense of defeat and social status are related to perceived oral health, tooth brushing, and oral health-related quality of life among Dutch male forensic psychiatric patients. Methods The sample consisted of 40 hospitalized forensic psychiatric patients participated. The questionnaire included five questions about moments of tooth brushing, scales for sense of defeat and subjective social status, a scale from 1 to 10 for perceived oral health and a Dutch version of the Oral Health Impact Profile- 14 (OHIP-14). Results The results showed that on the basis of a factor analysis of the OHIP-14, three meaningful scales could be constructed, i.e., functional limitations, social discomfort, and psychological inhibitions. The major results revealed that sense of defeat correlated negatively with tooth brushing after breakfast and before going to sleep, positively with social discomfort because of one’s teeth, mouth, or dentures, not with functional limitations, and negatively with self-perceived oral health. Social status correlated positively with tooth brushing before going to sleep, with psychological inhibitions, but not with social discomfort, and neither with functional limitations. Conclusions and implications The major conclusion is that sense of defeat and social status have theoretically meaningful relations with oral self-care and oral health. Oral health professionals working with male forensic psychiatric patients should be sensitive to the sense of defeat these patients may experience, and to the fact that this may be associated with problems with their oral health and with a lack of oral self-care.

Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Impact of Workplace Violence among Physicians.

There is a dearth of objective data and studies pertaining to the prevalence and consequences of workplace violence against physicians in Nepal. This study aims to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and implications of workplace violence on Nepalese physicians. We conducted a cross-sectional study from March 2021 to August 2021. Nepal Medical Council-certified physicians currently working in Nepal were included in the study. Baseline characteristics, types of violence experienced, patterns, psychosocial impacts, and changes in patient management were collected. Out of 318 responses received, 302 responses met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis. One-hundred and ninety (62.9%) respondents had ever faced workplace violence. Madhesh Province had the highest prevalence (81.5%). Verbal abuse (93.2%) was the most common type of violence encountered. We found a significant association between workplace violence and hours worked each week. We also found an association between workplace violence and years of experience. Our study found a significant increase in stress/depression/anxiety/idea of persecution, sense of defeat, job turnover, and loss of productivity/income with the increase in severity of workplace violence. Workplace violence is largely prevalent among Nepalese physicians. In the aftermath of workplace violence, a physician can undergo a multitude of adverse psychosocial consequences leading to a further decrease in productivity. More insights through research, formal training, and policy implementation are necessary to overcome this largely ignored problem of the medical fraternity in Nepal.

Individual Competitiveness, Sense of Defeat, and Organizational Commitment: Comparisons Between Iranian and USA Employees

Competition can result in improved productivity, but it can also result in feelings of defeat in those who lose the competition. According to Balconi and Vanutelli (2016), competition involving interpersonal interactions implies a process of social comparison. Competition may produce multiple effects directly related to self-perception and the social significance of the competition. The present study compared staff employees in universities in Iran and the USA (150 respondents in each country) to determine whether organizational commitment, competitiveness and feelings of defeat are associated. Iranian and American employees did not differ in their mean scores on organizational commitment, competitiveness or feelings of defeat. In both countries, those scoring higher for competitiveness had lower scores for feelings of defeat. However, while scores for organizational commitment and competitiveness were positively ass

The Study of Motivation in the Suicidal Process: The Motivational Interview for Suicidality.

Introduction: Suicide is the outcome of a process starting with the experiences of an unbearable pain or hopelessness, passing from suicidal ideation and planning, to possible para-suicidal behaviors or actual attempts. Recent studies have evidenced the necessity to integrate approaches based on the identification of psychopathological diagnoses and other variables as possible predictors of suicidal conduct with a more clinically based approach. A clinical assessment is needed that focuses on the patients' mental state with respect to thoughts concerning death and suicide. In particular, a qualitative assessment of motivations underlying the suicidal process could represent an effective guide for clinicians engaged in the difficult field of preventing adolescents' suicidal gestures. Most instruments investigating the suicidal motivation are self-report measures, possibly resulting in a lack of sufficiently valid assessment of this area. In the present work, we present the Motivational Interview for Suicidality in Adolescence (MIS-A) aiming at identifying the motivational areas sustaining suicidal ideation and gestures in this phase of development.Materials and Methods: The identification of the different areas derives from a thorough review of the empirical literature subsequently vetted by expert clinicians who selected specific reasons behind suicidal ideation and gesture.Result: The MIS is a semi-structured clinician-report interview. The interview is composed of seven areas and 14 sub-areas, evaluated on a four-point Likert scale: illness motivated attempts area, chronic presence of internal pessimistic criticism area, sense of defeat and entrapment area, relational area, external motivated crisis area, extreme and unusual cases area, and lack of control area.Conclusions: The path followed in the creation of the MIS reflects both an empirically orientated and a clinically informed approach. Creating this MIS is the first step within a wider research project that will allow one to test the reliability of the instrument.

Development and validation of the hypersomnia-specific beliefs scale

Objective/BackgroundPatients with Central hypersomnia, especially Narcolepsy type 1 and Idiopathic Hypersomnia (NT1 and IHS) often have psychological frustration in their daily lives. We aimed to develop the first scale of hypersomnia-specific beliefs (HSB). Patients/methodsWe developed the HSB scale consisting of three factors (“aversion toward doze”, “hypersensitivity toward others” reactions about my doze”, and “sense of defeat caused by doze”) with 12 items through interviews to 11 patients with NT1 and IHS. Validity and reliability of the HSB were evaluated cross-sectionally with 166 patients with NT1 and IHS and 375 controls. Simultaneously, scores of patient health questionnaire −2(PHQ-2), mini-Social Phobia Inventory (mini-SPIN), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were obtained. ResultsThis 3-factor model had enough fitness (χ2 = 60.25, df = 51, p = 0.18, TLI = 0.99, CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.03), Cronbach's α coefficient being 0.90. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.76. Also, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC = 0.88) confirmed good discrimination ability. A cut-off score of 38 resulted in a sensitivity of 90% and a specificity of 75%. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that these scales were independently associated with the HSB score; the PHQ-2 (β = 0.24, p = 0.002), mini-SPIN (β = 0.29, p < 0.001) and ESS (β = 0.15, p = 0.048). ConclusionsOur data suggest that the HSB scale measured beliefs in NT1 and IHS patients with good validity, reliability, and discrimination ability. The HSB scale assesses the negative beliefs specific to patents with NT1 and IHS. This scale could be applied to the development of novel psychotherapeutic approach to patients with NT1 and IHS.

Challenges experienced with early introduction and sustained consumption of allergenic foods in the Enquiring About Tolerance (EAT) study: A qualitative analysis

BackgroundThe early introduction group participants of the Enquiring About Tolerance study were asked to undertake a proscriptive regimen of early introduction and sustained consumption of 6 allergenic foods. It was envisaged that this might be challenging, and early introduction group families were presented with an open-text question to express any problems they were experiencing with the regimen in recurring online questionnaires.ObjectiveWe sought to analyze these open-text questionnaire responses with the aim of identifying challenges associated with the introduction and regular consumption of allergenic foods.MethodsThree combinations of interim questionnaire responses were selected for analysis, representing the early period (4, 5, and 6 months), middle period (8 and 12 months), and late period (24 and 36 months) of participation in the Enquiring About Tolerance study. Responses were assigned a code to describe their content and subsequently grouped into themes to portray key messages. A thematic content analysis allowed for conversion of qualitative codes into quantitative summaries.ResultsThree main challenges to allergenic food consumption were identified. First, some children refused the allergenic food, causing a sense of defeat among caregivers. Second, caregivers were concerned that allergenic foods might be causing a reaction, triggering a need for reassurance. Third, practical problems associated with the regimen compromised caregivers' capacity to persist.ConclusionUnderstanding the challenges experienced with allergenic food introduction and sustained consumption is the necessary precursor to developing specific communication and support strategies that could be used by caregivers, practitioners, policymakers, and key stakeholders to address these problems.

Sense of Defeat, Social Status and Oral Health Among Forensic Psychiatric Patients

0

Sense of Defeat, Social Status and Oral Health Among Forensic Psychiatric Patients

Aim: The aim was to examine how sense of defeat and social status are related to perceived oral health, tooth brushing, and oral health-related quality of life among Dutch male forensic psychiatric patients.Methods: The sample consisted of 40 hospitalized forensic psychiatric patients participated. The questionnaire included five questions about moments of tooth brushing, scales for sense of defeat and subjective social status, a scale from 1 to 10 for perceived oral health and a Dutch version of the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14).Results: The results showed that on the basis of a factor analysis of the OHIP-14, three meaningful scales could be constructed, i.e., functional limitations, social discomfort, and psychological inhibitions. The major results revealed that sense of defeat correlated negatively with tooth brushing after breakfast and before going to sleep, positively with social discomfort because of one’s teeth, mouth, or dentures, not with functional limitations, and negatively with self-perceived oral health. Social status correlated positively with tooth brushing before going to sleep, with psychological inhibitions, but not with social discomfort, and neither with functional limitations.Conclusions and implications: The major conclusion is that sense of defeat and social status have theoretically meaningful relations with oral self-care and oral health. Oral health professionals working with male forensic psychiatric patients should be sensitive to the sense of defeat these patients may experience, and to the fact that this may be associated with problems with their oral health and with a lack of oral self-care.

Comparative Literature and Hegel's Historical Thinking

Haun saussy opens his influential discussion of past and present conceptions of comparative literature, “exquisite cadavers Stitched from Fresh Nightmares,” by linking them in an apparently historic claim to victory: “Comparative literature has, in a sense, won its battles” (3). The ambiguous nature of that claim, and the real subject of Saussy's ensuing discussion, is indicated, however, by the qualifying phrase “in a sense.” Inanothersense, Saussy implies, the achievements of comparative literature remain open to debate. For, despite the widespread adoption by national-literature departments of comparative literature's theoretical methods of inquiry, comparative approaches to literature continue to be considered inessential or secondary to the defining aim of national-literature departments—investigating and describing the reality of historically grounded national traditions and identities. Saussy's “sense” of victory is thus snatched from the jaws of an unapologetic sense of defeat:What needs propagating is the comparative reflex, the comparative way of thinking, not the departmental name; and if those are to spread at the cost of identity and institutional reward, so much the worse for identity.—It so happens that identity is the pivot of our triumph—and our wraithlikeness. (5)

Kannjawou par Lyonel Trouillot

Reviews 233 discovery of love has somehow humanized him. Such things may happen in life, but not convincingly in this novel. Florida State University, emeritus William Cloonan Trouillot, Lyonel. Kannjawou. Arles: Actes Sud, 2016. ISBN 978-2-330-05875-3. Pp. 193. 18 a. An impoverished street serves as a microcosm of the whole in Trouillot’s new novel. Following a similar approach used by another Haitian author, Emmelie Prophète in Impasse Dignité (FR 86.6), Trouillot dissects the dynamics and dysfunction of his country via a focused study of a group of friends living in lack on the “rue de l’Enterrement.” Leading up to the local decaying cemetery, this street is not an altogether bad location to inhabit, we are told by Man Jeanne, the novel’s doyenne of sage advice and adages, since its presence and the tinkling sound of grave robbers toiling away in the night are helpful mortality reminders of just how soon all the street’s residents will join the ranks of the dead. The novel’s broader backdrop is a humanitarian occupation of Haiti by various international NGOs with numerous and equally damning references to the American Occupation of the country (1915–1934). Charlemagne Péralte’s contribution as a guerilla fighter during that period is lauded in the text and his photo prominently on display serves as inspiration for the more currently militant minded in the group. The band of five, as the clan is referred to, consists of the narrator, a self-described scribe whose penchant for studying life’s itineraries fuels the journal we are reading, his brother Popol, Wodné, and two sisters Sophonie and Joëlle. Following a brief sketch of the early years of the group’s friendship, the narrative quickly moves to the current status of young adulthood with its limited prospects for future success and overall sense of defeat: “Comment se révolter contre un ennemi qui change sans cesse de ton et de visage?” (21). To push back in some concrete way against the occupation, the friends form a cultural center in an alley, offering books, discussion, and wisdom as dispensed by the local, formally radical university professor, with whom the narrator has formed a bond via shared literature, despite their different class standings. Pivotal in the text is the neighborhood restaurant-bar, the Kannjawou, which serves as a dividing line between the rich NGO administrators who can afford to frequent it and the band of locals whose only member to enter does so through a wait staff door. A perfectly chosen metaphor of irony and class division, the term Kannjawou in creole connotes a vast celebration, a sharing, economically off limits to those of the rue de l’Enterrement in need of it most. The text’s chapters with their evocative style read easily and the panoply of characters and events that appear in its pages does not cease to intrigue: Halefort, the head grave robber arranges a mutually beneficial alliance with the local police while Julio, whose reluctant acceptance of his homosexuality deepens the narrative, walks fatalistically toward his encounters with paying army officers. As touched and concerned readers of this contemporary Haitian exposé, we are left in the end with the narrator’s own uncertainty regarding the future: “Quel soi-même on finit par être, au bout de quel parcours” (16)? University of Colorado Denver Linda Alcott Linguistics edited by Bryan Donaldson Anscombre, Jean-Claude, Évelyne Oppermann-Marsaux, et Amalia RodríguezSomolinos , éd.Médiativité, polyphonie et modalité en français: études synchroniques et diachroniques. Paris: PSN, 2014. ISBN 978-2-87854-609-5. Pp. 268. 17 a. Any utterance carries multiple levels of meaning beyond the core“message”itself, including a speaker’s attitude about the information conveyed, the reliability of the source of that information, and—in some cases—echoes of voices other than that of the speaker. These are the threads that unify the contributions to this volume, dedicated to intersections of three linguistic notions: médiativité, roughly a speaker’s indication of the source and reliability of information (“evidentiality” in the AngloSaxon literature); polyphonie, the presence in an utterance of voices or points of view other...

Going Global

Going Global

A loss of status and a sense of defeat: an evolutionary perspective on professional burnout

This longitudinal study among Spanish teachers (N = 558) examined burnout from an evolutionary social rank perspective. The types of stress differed among various school levels, and a sense of defeat was highest among teachers in primary schools. A low status, a loss of status and a sense of defeat were independent cross‐sectional predictors of burnout. Longitudinally a sense of defeat predicted an increase in burnout over time, especially among males and teachers in high schools. The status related variables were in general more important predictors of burnout than stressors that are usually associated with burnout. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.

Reply to Commentary by Daniel N. Stern

I respond to Stern's largely affirming discussion by fleshing out a few points, for example, improvisation is more than just being spontaneous, it is ensemble work that plays off and with patterns emergent in the personalities of both parties. These patterns illuminate something about the unconscious of each from which blossom things heretofore unimagined or unarticulated. Several principles are then emphasized: First, improvisational moments arise when the “characters” in the moment draw from something real within themselves along with who they are inducing one another to become. Second, the cultivation of play in improvisation lends itself to putting to rest the myth of the perfectly analyzed analyst as not only impossible but as being both unnecessary and undesirable—a seminal point to the entire relational canon. Third, improvisation is a means for putting live flesh on the sterile bones of a host of theories now informing the contemporary psychoanalytic perspective such as chaos and complexity theory, along with dynamic systems theory. I also note that improvisational moments exhibit an emerging sense of vitality and a deepened sense of connection between the partners. Their work obtains a greater sense of focus, though not a deliberate focus as that their relational unconsciouses are “directing” them. Improvisational work feels liberating, playful, as well as affirming and recognizing what what each is bringing to their coauthorship. By contrast, when the improvisation fails, it devolves into negative thirdness or one-upsmanship, the qualities of which reflect deadness, avoidance, confusion, constriction of play, and a misrecognition of one another that devolves into a mutual sense of defeat. Responding to Stern's question about posi-traums, I affirm there is a phenomenon in which an entrenched emotional conviction of a patient's can be dramatically altered. This happens when something positive occurs that cannot be assimilated within the patient's intransigently negative belief system such that she must accommodate a new organizing principle, that is, a new emotional conviction to make sense of it. I concede, however, that it may be too soon to tell how much such phenomena penetrate the more physiologically encoded elements of trauma.

Investigating the Destruction of Alternatives: Everyday Life in Belgrade

The Milošević regime has largely succeeded in prolonging its tenure by making alternatives to its rule unavailable. But the destruction of alternatives can never be achieved. It is a process subject to resistance, failure, and loss of energy. The Serbian regime, like any other regime, cannot count indefinitely on the widespread sense of defeat and impotence among the population.

Releasing the Restraints

When I finally awoke from this white dream and the outlines became clear pictures, the vision turned blue and silver—to wires and machines. My fifth birthday had been spent in a coma as I recovered from a serious horse-riding accident. Two people stood beside the bed—my mother and one who quickly introduced himself as my doctor. With delicate grace and humor, my orthopedic surgeon explained my placement in the ICU and gained my trust by releasing the restraints across my body. From this first impression, I embarked on the exploration of a career in medicine—at five, this meant learning the word orthopedic and memorizing most of the major bones in the body. Yet, in formulating my plans, I was unprepared for the challenge which surfaced later in my adolescence. The inner anguish from my coming out process in a conservative religion and culture shaped the way I would accomplish and appreciate my goals. My observations indicate two likely extremes in coping for a "closeted" young person. That is, the individual can give in to a sense of defeat and underachieve, or desperately overachieve in an attempt at self-acceptance while never quite valuing the accomplishments. I happened to land in the agonizingly self-critical latter pathway. In retrospect of my undergraduate years at Stanford, I have a heartfelt concern for my brothers and sisters who face the rigors of medicine while enduring the initial process of coming out as a lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgendered person. When applying to medical school, the decision of whether to be out on my application required careful consideration. At the time, I lived within the idealistic cloud of Stanford where I had never had a discriminatory experience, my individualism was encouraged, and I learned to speak openly about my sexual orientation publicly in the "protected" environment. On the other hand, I talked with several practicing physicians in the gay community, who criticized me for possibly jeopardizing my acceptance. It's so competitive Tun, why would you want to risk it. Does it really matter? According to one surgeon, as ignorance continues to permeate the ranks of those with a daily understanding of universal precaution, his colleague might read my application and consider me a risk in transmitting HIV to patients—a liability for simply being gay. The thought of this possibility poured salt into my healing wounds of coming out. Understand that I struggled with my sexual orientation during a time I term the 'second generation of HIV—in which coming out as a gay man implied HIV infection. The fears and serious health implications which would delay coming out would also further unhealthy mental attitudes, and perhaps risky sexual practices, among my age group. Unfortunately, due to the transmission rates of HIV in the gay male community during the early 1990s, I fear a rise in AIDS cases by the time I practice medicine— my friends, my created families, having felt invincible to a virus which only infected the older among us and which society had deemed obligatory anyway, right? Slowly my inner voice became clearer and resonant. It mattered. One day during the interview phase of applying, I sat paralyzed—Novocain and a mouth full of gauze— in my dentist's chair listening to him create macho small talk. The only thing women really care about is clean teeth and fresh breath. Aside from the misogynistic nature of the statement, I became quite offended by his assumptions. At the time, I could have spit out the gauze and started militantly yelling at him, spoken unconvincingly quietly and awkwardly, or taken it like a punch in my stomach as with the many other de1Second-year medical student, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California. 2Correspondence should be directed to Timothy Cruz, c/o Student Affairs #266, UCLA School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, California 90095.

Memoirs, Memory, and Historical Experience

The ArgumentAgainst the idea that modern historiography developed in the eighteenth century as a completely new way of looking at the past, this paper argues that modern historical science borrowed its sense of experience from seventeenth-century memoirs. However, seventeenth-century rnemorialists made very different as sumptions than modern historians about the relations between time, memory, and history. One consequence of their introduction of lived subjectivity into the depiction of the past was a debate in early eighteenth-century France about the relations between history and fiction, some arguing that fiction is a better way of grasping the subjective truth of the past. These debates about the relations between history and memory and between history and fiction have resurfaced recently. The historical moods that are one context for paradigm shifts share common motifs, such as a sense of defeat, of distance between the present and the immediate past, and a need for consolation through the elaboration of a new mode of experiencing the past.

Sociotropy and autonomy: Differential patterns of clinical presentation in unipolar depression.

We examined the relations between sociotropy and autonomy and clinical features of depression. Beck (1983) proposed that sociotropy is related to a sense of deprivation and clinical features associated with reactive depression and that autonomy is related to a sense of defeat and clinical features associated with endogenous depression. Robins, Block, & Peselow (1989) found support for the hypothesis for sociotropy but not for autonomy, and they suggested that the autonomy scale may be problematic. We administered new measures of sociotropy and autonomy and a more comprehensive assessment of clinical features to 50 unipolar depressed inpatients. The results support the selective relations of both sociotropy and autonomy to the predicted sets of clinical features. This study adds to the growing evidence that these personality dimensions are important to the understanding of depression.

A Public Health Approach to Demand Reduction

Illegal drugs carry the potential for harm, and as such must be subject to some form of societal regulation. Although the high costs and dubious benefits of prohibitionist policies are well documented, it would not be useful to abandon present legal controls simply from frustration or a sense of defeat. Positive alternatives must be provided. A major objective of social policy is to find means by which to minimize health and safety risks at the lowest level of social costs. A challenge of the 1990s is to implement and test a comprehensive public health model for effective control of demand for illicit drugs.