Sense Image Research Articles

Exploring the Potential of Radiomics Features of the Hippocampus in Alzheimer’s Disease Considering Standard versus Parallel Imaging

AbstractBackgroundRadiomics features obtained from anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been showing potential as biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Nevertheless, little is known about how accelerated parallel MRI acquisitions impact such features and their potential in diagnosing AD. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the radiomics features extracted from the hippocampus considering standard and parallel imaging.MethodA total of 235 age and gender‐matched subjects (128 cognitively normal (CN) and 107 AD) with both T1‐weighted MPRAGE (standard) and accelerated MPRAGE GRAPPA or SENSE images were selected from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Freesurfer was used to process the images and to obtain the volumes of these regions: hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, amygdala, and inferior lateral ventricle (summed bilaterally); and caudal and rostral midfrontal, pars opercularis, pars triangularis, inferior parietal, superior parietal, supramarginal, and superior temporal gyri (all summed into one feature). Using Pyradiomics, the following radiomics features from the bilateral hippocampus were extracted: kurtosis, mean, range, contrast, elongation, flatness, and maximum 3D diameter. To compare the two acquisitions (standard vs parallel), support vector machine models were created to classify AD vs CN. To mitigate AD heterogeneity in ADNI, 5‐fold cross‐validation was used to create 5 train and test sets based on the hippocampus volumes: (each train fold has 80% of 1st quartile AD and 80% 1st quartile CN, and the test fold has 20% of 1st quartile AD and 20% 1st quartile CN volumes, and so on – randomly selected).ResultAdding radiomics features improved the classification of AD vs CN in both acquisitions (Table 1): the positive predictive value increased from 77.2% to 90.3% in the standard, while the negative predictive value increased to 84.7% to 91.6% in the parallel acquisition. In both cases, models using all volumes surpassed those using only the hippocampus volume by 7.4% (86.0% balanced accuracy, standard) and 4.2% (85.5%, balanced accuracy, parallel) (Table 1).ConclusionRadiomics features of the hippocampus improve the performance of the models in both acquisitions, but with different predictive values, confirming their potential. Also, the relevance of other brain regions in AD besides the hippocampus was observed.

Talking Drama, Teaching Writing

Talking Drama, Teaching Writing

Theoretical and applied aspects of the mathematical apparatus of permutation-masking transformations

We develop the mathematical apparatus of permutation-masking transformations (PMTs) of different types, enabling us to assign the full set of possible images to the initial generating function. We study the algebraic, spectral, and autocorrelation properties of these transformations. We substantiate the possibility of constructing complex broadband (in the frequency sense) images based on a simple generating function. We study the action of these transformations on stationary random processes, in particular, noncorrelated ones (of the white noise type). The developed apparatus can be applied in many areas, in particular related with the synthesis of the optimal ensembles of signals for communication and management systems; sounding signals for problems of radio-location and navigation; and coding, masking, and enciphering information; and also optimal signal processing in noisy conditions. We consider a demonstrational model example showing the possibility of raising the resolution and estimating quality of the signal parameters on the base of a modified correlator.

Beyond the g‐factor limit in sensitivity encoding using joint histogram entropy

The maximum practical speed-up that can be achieved using parallel imaging methods is widely accepted to be limited by g-factor noise. An approximate expression for the g-factor noise as a function of the principal eigenvector of the inverse sensitivity matrix is derived. This formulation allows g-factor enhanced noise to be reduced by a constrained optimization procedure with joint image histogram entropy between a reference image and a SENSE image as an image quality metric. The reference image does not need to have identical resolution or contrast. The reference image may also be used for coil calibration. The limits of the method are explored using simulated and real array coil data with high g-factor using a variety of contrast and resolution combinations. The method preserves image structure, contrast, and lesions even when these were not observable in the reference data. In all cases g-factor was dramatically reduced.

色彩とイメージの共感覚現象に関する一考察

In order to make the synesthesia phenomenonan of colors and image clear, we performed a test using W. wolff s color-word matching method and from the first to the firth factor were exctracted from the factor analytical method.The order from the first to fifth factor are“the pleasantness-unpleasantness-factor”, “the activity-factor”, “the strong-week-factor”, “the evaluation-factor”, “the potency-factor”.In each factor, the first factor corresponds to light clear colors and dark clear colors. The second one is to high chroma and low chroma. The third one is to light clear colors and dark clear colors of warm color. The fourth one is to yellow of“low lightness or high chroma”and“middle lightness and from middle chroma to yellow of low chroma”. The fifth one is to“low lightness and low chroma”and“from middle lightness to warm color of high chroma”.The test was based on matching one handred colors with fifty-five sense adjectives.The results of the test tells us that synesthesia image of colors was defined by mainly tone, depending on chroma and lightness.As for intermodality in colors and sense image, the correlation of the emotional meaning dimension and the meaning dimension of sense was confirmed.

The Sense Image in "A Death in the Family": A Unit on Creative Writing

The Sense Image in "A Death in the Family": A Unit on Creative Writing

The Sense Image in A Death in the Family

The Sense Image in A Death in the Family