Semi-auto Analyzer Research Articles

Salivary Amylase and Mucin in Chronic Periodontitis: Pre- /Posttherapy.

The study aims to investigate the potential of salivary amylase as a reliable biochemical marker for assessing periodontal disease progression, establishing a potential correlation between salivary amylase levels and periodontal disease severity. The study included 40 participants, aged 25-65, equally divided into a control and study group of 20 individuals each. Clinical parameters, such as oral hygiene index, gingival index, probing depth, and clinical attachment level were recorded. Saliva samples were collected and analyzed for amylase and mucin levels using a semi-auto analyzer and spectrophotometer, respectively. These clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers were evaluated before and after 45 days of phase I periodontal therapy. Statistical analysis, including independent samples t-test, paired samples t-test, and correlation analysis were performed to assess the treatment effectiveness and explore associations between clinical parameters and salivary biomarkers. The study group with chronic generalized periodontitis showed significantly higher salivary amylase (27022.5 ± 8598.9) and mucin levels (3258 ± 724.2) and worse clinical parameters than the control group at baseline. However, after phase I periodontal therapy, the study group exhibited reduced salivary biomarkers amylase (17924.0 ± 4703.6) and mucin (1828.45 ± 314.07) and improved clinical parameters, indicating the effectiveness of the treatment in enhancing periodontal health compared with the control group. Positive correlations were found between clinical parameters and salivary amylase/mucin levels both before and after therapy (p < 0.001). Salivary amylase and mucin levels hold promise as valuable biomarkers for diagnosing active periodontal disease and evaluating treatment outcomes after phase I therapy. Salivary biomarker comparison offers a noninvasive diagnostic tool for periodontal disease, improving early detection and personalized treatment planning. Further research is required to validate its clinical value fully.

Comparison of quality results between semi-autoanalyzer and autoanalyzer: A retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care center (Rural India)

Introduction and Aim: In India, the primary health centres, urban health centres and privatized small-scale laboratories use basic laboratory services like point of care testing (POCT) and quantitative results obtained from semi-auto analysers for diagnosis and treatment. Our objectives were to analyse biochemical parameters in the autoanalyzer and the semi-autoanalyzer and to compare the test performance of analysed biochemical parameters in the semi-autoanalyzer and autoanalyzer. Materials and Methods: One hundred samples (10 patient samples and 90 internal quality control values), tested for 15 biochemical parameters were retrospectively studied. They were processed with the same reagent, methodology and environmental conditions in autoanalyzer Mindray BS 390 and semi-autoanalyzer KLS BA 200. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent student t test, Pearson correlation, Bias percent and Bland-Altman plot analysis Results: Our study showed strong positive correlation for the 15 biochemical parameters between semi-autoanalyzer and autoanalyzer except for calcium, which showed moderate positive correlation (r=0.879). Bias % were all in acceptable limits except for SGOT and Albumin. Bland Altman analysis for ALP and Triglycerides also showed high variability between the two measurements with a mean difference of -6.23 and 4.48 respectively. Conclusion: The test performance of biochemical parameters measured in the semi-auto analyser and fully automatic analyser were highly related and comparable, with a significant positive correlation. Semi-auto analysers could be an efficient alternative in peripheral setups to provide quality laboratory services. During the breakdown of any autoanalyzer, the semi-autoanalyzer acts as backup for analysing routine chemistry tests in some laboratories.

Significance of serum copper zinc ratio in smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Rohilkhand region

Tuberculosis being a highly contagious chronic pulmonary and systemic disease is explicit cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There is a direct relationship between zinc and copper in maturation of immunity, Cu/Zn ratio in serum serves to assess levels of oxidative stress in infectious diseases and thus could be used as a diagnostic tool in early diagnosis of smear negative tuberculosis. To study and evaluate significance of serum Cu and Zn concentration and Cu/Zn ratio in smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis patients in comparison to apparently healthy controls. Observational case control study was carried out on patients attending IPD and OPD, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, RMCH. Fifty cases of smear negative PTB patients(group A) was taken and compared with fifty age and sex matched apparently healthy controls(group B). Serum Cu and Zn were estimated in both groups by colorimetric method using EM Chem5Plus V2 Semi autoanalyzer. Data is presented as mean ± SD. Comparison of serum levels of the parameters between the two groups was performed by Student’s‘t’ test. The p value &amp;#60;0.05 was considered as statistically significant. We found serum Zinc to be significantly lower in group I than group II(p&amp;#60;0.00), serum Copper &amp; Cu/Zn ratio to be significantly higher in group I than II(p&amp;#60;0.00). The results suggests that early estimation of serum Cu, Zn &amp; Cu/Zn ratio serves as useful diagnostic marker for smear negative pulmonary TB cases though more extensive multicentric study will provide more insights.

The ameliorating effect of withaferin A on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by acting as an LXR/FXR dual receptor activator.

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence has been rapidly increasing, and it has emerged as one of the major diseases of the modern world. NAFLD constitutes a simple fatty liver to chronic non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which often leads to liver fibrosis or cirrhosis, a serious health condition with limited treatment options. Many a time, NAFLD progresses to fatal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nuclear receptors (NRs), such as liver X receptor-α (LXR-α) and closely associated farnesoid X receptor (FXR), are ligand-inducible transcription factors that regulate various metabolism-associated gene expressions and repression and play a major role in controlling the pathophysiology of the human liver. Withaferin A is a multifaceted and potent natural dietary compound with huge beneficial properties and plays a vital role as an anti-inflammatory molecule. Methods: In vivo: Swill albino mice were fed with western diet and sugar water (WDSW) for 12, 16, and 20weeks with suitable controls. Post necropsy, liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) and lipid profile were measured by commercially available kits using a semi-auto analyzer in serum samples. Liver histology was assessed using H&E and MTS stains to check the inflammation and fibrosis, respectively, using paraffin-embedded sections and mRNA expressions of these markers were measured using qRT-PCR method. TGF-β1 levels in serum samples were quantified by ELISA. In vitro: Steatosis was induced in HepG2 and Huh7 cells using free fatty acids [Sodium Palmitate (SP) and Oleate (OA)]. After induction, the cells were treated with Withaferin A in dose-dependent manner (1, 2.5, and 5 μM, respectively). In vitro steatosis was confirmed by Oil-Red-O staining. Molecular Docking: Studies were conducted using Auto Dock Vina software to check the binding affinity of Withaferin-A to LXR-α and FXR. Results: We explored the dual receptor-activating nature of Withaferin A using docking studies, which potently improves high-fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice and suppresses diet-induced hepatic inflammation and liver fibrosis via LXR/FXR. Our in vitro studies also indicated that Withaferin A inhibits lipid droplet accumulation in sodium palmitate and oleate-treated HepG2 and Huh7 cells, which may occur through LXR-α and FXR-mediated signaling pathways. Withaferin A is a known inhibitor of NF-κB-mediated inflammation. Intriguingly, both LXR-α and FXR activation inhibits inflammation and fibrosis by negatively regulating NF-κB. Additionally, Withaferin A treatment significantly inhibited TGF-β-induced gene expression, which contributes to reduced hepatic fibrosis. Discussion: Thus, the LXR/ FXR dual receptor activator Withaferin A improves both NAFLD-associated liver inflammation and fibrosis in mouse models and under in vitro conditions, which makes Withaferin A a possibly potent pharmacological and therapeutic agent for the treatment of diet-induced NAFLD.

Relationship between Obesity and Serum Vitamin D Levels in Young Women

Background: The prevalence of obesity rises gradually worldwide and it is a chronic metabolic disease, which is defined by an excessive accumulation of body fat resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Some studies suggested that the level of serum 25(OH)D was associated with obesity. Vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency is closely associated with chronic diseases, such as tumours, cardiovascular diseases, and diabetes. Vitamin D is fat soluble that can be stored in body fat tissues and excessive body fat can reduce 25(OH) D levels in the blood, especially in obese individuals. Many studies revealed that young women are at a high risk of vitamin D deficiency. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D level and obesity among young women. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry of Sir Salimullah Medical College &amp; Mitford Hospital, during July 20- June 21. 100 female subjects aged belongs to 19-29 yrs were selected by purposive sampling. Among them 50 women were obese (BMI ≥25 kg/m²) and 50 women were non-obese (BMI&lt; 25 kg/m²). Initial evaluation was done by history taking and anthropometric indices were measured. Here, used student unpaired t-test, chi square test and Pearson's correlation test to determine the association between vitamin D statuses with different variables. Lipid profile assay were carried out by a semi auto biochemistry analyzer and Vitamin D was estimated by immunoanalyzer. SPSS (22) was used for test of significance and p value &lt;0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: The mean value of weight, BMI, WC, WHR were significantly higher but height was significantly lower (p&lt;0.01) in obese young women in comparison to non-obese young women. TC, TAG, LDL-C were significantly higher (p&lt;0.01) but HDL-C and vitamin D were significantly low (p&lt;0.01) in obese young women as compared to non- obese young women. Vitamin D had ...........

Study Of Hypothyroidism In Metabolic Syndrome

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of risk factors that could raise the risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes and death. Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between thyroid function and MetS indices. The present study was designed to study hypothyroidism in metabolic syndrome.&#x0D; Aims and objectives: To study co-relation of hypothyroidism with central obesity, triglyceride level, hypertension, fasting blood sugar.&#x0D; Materials and methods: This cross-Sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine, Santosh medical college and hospital, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. In a semi-structured fashion, weight and waist circumference were noted. The fasting blood sugar was done by the enzymatic calorimetric method using semi auto analyzer. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides were done enzymatically on fully automated clinical chemistry analyzer. The thyroid hormone assay was done by ChemiluminescenceImmuno Assay.&#x0D; Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism was higher among increased high risk central obesity (50%) than high risk (27.5%) and low risk (7.3%). The prevalence of hypothyroidism was higher among hypertensive patients (31%) than non-hypertensive (13.8%). Five MS criteria was fulfilled among 40% patients. The prevalence of hypothyroidism was higher among whom MS criteria was five (32.5%) than three (17.1%) and four (8%). There was significant (p=0.04) association of prevalence of hypothyroidism with central obesity, MS criteria fulfilled, and hypertension.&#x0D; Conclusion: We found a significant association of prevalence of hypothyroidism with central obesity, hypertension, and MS criteria fulfilled.

Evaluation of modified semi– micro method for estimation of glucose using GOD POD endpoint assay

ABSTRACT The present study evaluated a modified semi-micro (SMic) protocol with conventional macro (CMac) protocol for serum glucose level estimation using a semi-autoanalyser. Three hundred blood samples were collected from patients (ages 22 to 84) of Loyola Health Centre, Chennai. Each serum sample was aliquoted into two tubes, one for CMac protocol and the other for SMic protocol. Blood Glucose was estimated by GOD-POD endpoint assay for both methods using a semi-autoanalyser. Mann-Whitney U test revealed Kappa value 0.901 (se = 0.036) at 95% confidence interval for kappa = 0.831 to 0.971 and showed no significant differences (p &lt; 0.0001) between two protocol. The SMic protocol reduces the test cost and provides an opportunity to screen many samples with fewer reagents. We conclude that SMic can be used as an alternative to CMac protocol to estimate serum glucose concentrations in diabetic patients. Keywords: Serum glucose, diabetes mellitus, semi-auto analyser, SMic, CMac, GOD-POD.

Lipid profile in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma - A prognostic view.

Lipids play an important role in the maintenance of cell integrity. Various tobacco-associated products are known to induce the generation of free radicals and reactive oxygen species, responsible for the high rate of oxidation/peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids. These further release peroxide radicals, causing increased utilization of lipids leading to hypolipidemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the lipid profile pattern of patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) with healthy controls. The study included 90 subjects with 30 OPMDs, 30 OSCC and 30 healthy controls. Fasting blood samples were collected from subjects and were analysed for serum lipids, including the following: i) Total cholesterol (TC) ii) High-density lipoproteins (HDL) iii) Low-density lipoproteins (LDL) iv) Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) v) Triglycerides (TG) vi) CHO/HDL ratio by using semi auto analyser. The statistical tests used were the independent t-test, ANOVA test. A P value of <0.05 and <0.01 was considered statistically significant. A statistically significant decrease in serum TC, LDL and CHO/HDL ratio was observed among OPMD and OSCC groups than controls, whereas a significant decrease in serum VLDL and TG (p value <0.01) in poorly differentiated OSCC was seen. The study shows an association between lipid variations and OPMD and OSCC. Low levels of lipids could be due to the rapidly dividing cells in premalignancies and malignancies utilizing them for new membrane biogenesis. Thus, lower lipid status may be a useful indicator for initial changes happening in neoplastic cells.

ESTIMATION OF SERUM CRP,FERRITIN,D-DIMER,LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE IN COVID 19 PATIENTS

Background: Severe COVID-19 illness is associated with intense inflammation, leading to high rates of thrombotic complications that increase morbidity and mortality . New laboratory tests capable of differentiating between severe and non-severe cases and appropriate management of COVID-19. Aims and Objective: Aim to investigate the association between several biomarkers, including serum C-reactive protein (CRP), Lactate Dehydrogenase, D-dimer, and serum ferritin, and COVID-19 severity. Methodology: The study was conducted during September 2020-Dec-2021 among Covid patients confirmed by RT-PCR and admitted to Government general hospital.LDH was estimated in semi-auto analyzer by UVkinetic method and serum Ferritin, CRP, D-dimer was estimated by Immunoturbidometric method. Results: Amongst 1200 SARS-CoV-2 patients, Elevated CRP levels were seen in 88 percent of patients, D-Dimer in 94 percent of patients, Ferritin in 83 percent of patients, LDH in 93 percentof patients. Discussion: Elevated serum CRP, D-dimer, and serum ferritin levels were associated withan increased poor outcome that comprises mortality, severe COVID-19, ARDS, and the need for ICU care in patients with COVID-19.

Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Seed Kernel of Sapindus emarginatus in Rats

Hyperglycemia is indeed a dyslipidemia across a Globe. An International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has Predicted a certain 366 million more people have diabetes in 2011 and it has been raised up to 552 million by 2050. It approximated a certain 40 million people of hyperglycemia through India in 2007 and yet this may predicted to grow almost to 70 million affected by 2025. LD50 study of the ethanolic extract of S. emarginatus seed kernel (EESESK) has been done throughout Albino rats up to a daily dosage constrain of 2000 mg/kg orally (according to OECD guidelines No.425 of CPCSEA) 1/5th, 1/10th dosage as from maximum dose examined for LD50 study results were again for experimental test research to examine a impact of S. emarginatus for a anti diabetes action. Insulin inefficiency was found in two selected model for my study. Alloxan hydrate at such a mg dosage of 150 mg/kg i.p after 48 hrs, the EESESK seed kernel it at a dosage of 200 mg/kg but also 400 mg/kg p.o have been administered. Dexamethasone 10 mg/kg, i.p, once daily. And at the inter of 30 mins EESESK 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o had been conducted in rats for a period of 11 and 21 days respectively. At the end of the experimental, serum biomarkers such as glycogen, high cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and VLDL were analyzed by using semi-auto analyzer. In both models EESESK at a dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited substantial impact. Alloxan hydrate increased serum biochemical markers like glucose, high cholesterol, triglyceides, LDL, VLDL levels but decreased HDL levels. Dexamethasone caused an increase in serum glucose, High cholesterol and reduces High density lipopretein-cholesterol levels. The present study indicates that S.emarginatus seed kernel useful for the management of diabetes mellitus. S.emarginatus pollen seed found important reducing of glycogen TC, TG, LDL, VLDL levels and increased level of High Density Lipoprotein through diabetic concept mice. A enhanced high density lipoprotein is also Cardioprotective activity. Therefore S.emarginatus seed kernel must have future role to forestall forming of atherosclerosis but also cardiovascular disease.&#x0D; Keywords: Antidiabetic activity, Ethanolic extract, Seed kernel and Rats

A study of serum zinc levels in children admitted with pneumonia in a tertiary care hospital in India

Background: Worldwide, pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age; especially, in developing countries. Objectives: The objective of the study is to investigate whether zinc deficiency and other nutritional factors are related to pneumonia in children between 6 months and 5 years old. Methodology: In this casecontrol study, a valid written consent was obtained from mothers of enrolled children. The cases included 75 children fulfilling the World Health Organization criteria for pneumonia, between the age group of 6 months and 5 years. They were interrogated for potential nutritional risk factors as per a predesigned proforma followed by a measurement of serum zinc levels. In the control group, 75 children of the same age group who were siblings of admitted children were included along with other children of the same age group admitted for non-respiratory complaints. A detailed case history was obtained and physical examination was done according to a predesigned proforma to elicit various potential risk factors. A semi-auto analyzer was used to measure the serum zinc levels through colorimetric methods using 5-bromo-PAS. Results: Significant nutritional risk factors identified were low serum zinc level, malnutrition, and anemia. Conclusion: The present study has identified various nutritional risk factors for pneumonia which can be tackled through effective education of the community and appropriate initiatives.

A comparative study of serum electrolytes, calcium and phosphorus levels in end stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis

End stage Renal Disease (ESRD) represents the terminal stage of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage 5 where in there is accumulation of toxins, fluid and electrolytes which are normally excreted by the kidneys resulting in the uremic syndrome which leads to death unless the toxins are removed by renal replacement therapy, using dialysis or kidney transplantation. To estimate and compare the serum levels of electrolytes, calcium and phosphorus in ESRD patients before and after hemodialysis sessions.Cross sectional study conducted on 70 ESRD diagnosed patients, aged 30-75years of either gender on maintenance Hemodialysis. Blood samples were collected before and after Hemodialysis, analysed for Serum Electrolytes by semi autoanalyser from Roche. Serum Calcium and Phosphorus using Cobas Integra 400 plus from Roche for which Internal and External Quality Assurance Programmes are maintained. The data obtained was analysed using statistical package SPSS 20 version. The parameters are compared using paired‘t’ test, the test of probability less than 0.05 (P &amp;#60; 0.05) considered as statistically significant. There is significant decrease in mean serum Potassium, Chloride and Phosphorus, significant increase in serum Calcium and no change in serum Sodium after hemodialysis.Thus from our study we conclude that monitoring serum electrolytes, calcium and phosphorus have prognostic significance in ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Evaluation of Factor Viii and Factor IX Activity among Primary School Children in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

The values of factor VIII (FVIII) and factor IX (FIX) were evaluated among some primary school children in Owerri zone Imo State. The aim was to assess deficiency state or reduction in activity among these children. A total of two hundred and ten (210) venous blood samples were collected from primary school pupils whose parents consented to, and whose answers to the distributed questionnaires suggested symptoms of haemophilia. The samples were collected from pupils between the ages of five and thirteen years, and from different primary schools to represent different areas of Owerri (Works Layout Area, Nekede Area, Trans Egbu Area, and Akwukuma Area). Samples were preserved using trisodium citrate anticoagulant and transported to the haematology unit of the Federal Medical Centre Owerri within 3 hours for analysis which was done using Rayto semi auto coagulation analyzer RT 2204C with its normal ranges for factor VIII and IX activities as (50% - 200% and 70% - 200%) respectively. Out of the 210 samples collected, 16(7.6%) have &lt;50% of factor VIII activity and 14(6.7%) have &lt;70% of factor IX activity. Akwakuma area produced highest occurrence of factor VIII deficiency (14.8%, 8 pupils) while Works Layout and Trans Egbu Areas produced the least incidence (3.8%, 2 pupils) each. Factor IX deficiency was most prevalent at Trans Egbu Area 6(11.5%) and least at Works Layout 0(0.0%). Six children between the ages of 5 and 7 years had the highest incidence of FVIII deficiency (23.1%), while eight pupils between the ages of 11-13 years showed the highest incidence of FIX deficiency. Eight Females were found to have the highest incidence of both FVIII and FIX deficiencies (8.2% for both defects ), while the males presented a lower incidence of the same defects (7.1%, 8 pupils and 5.4%, 6 pupils respectively). The mean levels of FVIII and FIX in all the pupils evaluated are 78.61 and 89.98 respectively while the standard deviation of the results from the mean are 2.584 and 1.473 for factor VIII and IX respectively. These data show that haemophilia A and B exist in Owerri and considering the danger it portends to lives of the citizenry, Government should provide facilities in our hospitals to take care of the affected pupils to ensure a healthy society.

Anti-Hypertensive Activity of Hydro Alcoholic Extract of Cìraka Cūraṇam on High Salt Loaded Wistar Albino Rats

Background: Hypertension is called as Silent killer. The most important risk factor for heart diseases and stroke and it may leads to premature death. Several medicinal plants have high effective in anti-hypertensive and anti-thrombotic activity without any side effects. Aim: To evaluate the anti-hypertensive activity of hydro alcoholic extract of Cìraka cūraṇam on deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) salt induced wistar albino rats. Study design: Observational in-vivo study Place and duration of study: Animal house, Dept. of Pharmacology, Arulmigu Kalasalingam College of Pharmacy, Krishnankoil, Srivilliputtur,Tamilnadu. Materials and methods: Antihypertensive activity was conducted on wistar albino rats by determining serum Sodium and Potassium levels by using semi auto analyzer (RA-50, Bayer Diagnostics), using specific kits (Auto span, India) at 500 and 550 nm respectively and left carotid artery (for recording BP) was cannulated under aseptic conditions with polyethylene cannula filled with 1% heparin in normal saline. Rest procedure, which was stated under the 2K1C-model was followed and BP was observed in terms of mm of Hg. Results: The Cìraka cūraṇam possesses strong antihypertensive effect against DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, which is evidenced by a considerable decrease in blood pressures. Keywords: Anti-hypertensive activity, Cìraka cūraṇam, Wistar albino rats, Deoxycorticosterone acetate.

The Effect of Colistin Administration as Medicated Feed on Alanine Aminotransferase and Creatinine Level in Broiler Infected with Escherichia coli

Colistin is a decapeptide antibiotic with narrow spectrum activity, mainly used as treatment for Gram negative bacteria. This study aims to scientifically determine the effect of colistin administration as medicated feed on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine level in broiler infected with Escherichia coli. KTOP group as positive control, KTON group as negative control, while I, II, and III groups were infected with Escherichia coli 1 x 108 CFU/ml 0.1 ml via intratracheal route. Group I, II, and III were given colistin treatment dosage of 0.3 g/kg food, 0.6 g/kg food, and 1.2 g/kg food. Blood samples were taken through brachial veins for ALT and creatinine examination with a Caretium NB-201 semi-auto chemistry analyzer. Data were examined statistically using IBM SPSS Statistics 24 software and graphically using Microsoft Excel 365. Conclusion of the research by statistical analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test obtained ALT test results P = 0.147 and creatinine test results P = 0.815. Based on the results of this study, the administration of colistin medicated feed did not cause a significant effect on ALT and creatinine level in broiler infected with Escherichia coli, indicating that colistin has low potential toxicity while given as medicated feed.

A comparative study of blood glucose level measurement between glucometer and semi autoanalyser

Introduction: There is a direct relationship between glycemic control and risk of systemic complications leading to high morbidity and mortality in diabetes.3 Estimation of blood glucose is the main investigation for the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus and also for monitoring emergency complications of DM. Glucometers are used for monitoring blood glucose levels in most of the hospitals. There is a need for establishing the reliability of results of glucometer as they also have limitations.6 Our study is undertaken to compare the glucose levels in capillary whole blood by glucometer and glucose levels in venous plasma samples by semi autoanalyser. Materials and Methods: Study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry Osmania General Hospital. 50 Subjects both male and female in the age group of 25 to 65yrs attending out patient department of Medicine at Osmania General Hospital were included in the study. Capillary blood glucose is measured with a glucometer and venous plasma sample glucose is measured with a semi autoanalyser. Statistical analysis is done by mean comparison and student t test. Results: When the two means are compared there is increase in the blood glucose levels measured by using a glucometer (117.76+39.01) when compared to venous blood samples levels measured by using a semi autoanalyzer (108.78+39.05) but there is no statistical significance (P> 0.05). Results showed a variation of 2% to 15% in individual subjects between the blood glucose levels by two methods. Conclusion: Mean glucose levels in capillary blood sample estimated by glucometer is higher than the mean glucose levels in venous plasma samples estimated by semi autoanalyser, but there is no statistical significance. Hence glucometer can be used at bedside as a better alternative for out patient department diagnosis and in emergency situations. Keywords: Glucometer, Semi auto analyser, Blood glucose.

Comparative study of serum copper, zinc, Cu/Zn ratio in pulmonary tuberculosis patients with normal subjects

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is an important global health problem. It has more impact on developing and underdeveloped countries. The impact of tuberculosis can be seen by the fact that in 1993, the world Health Organization (WHO) declared tuberculosis a Global Emergency. WHO estimated that tuberculosis infects about one-third of world’s population. Every year, 8 million people contract tuberculosis, of which 95% are in the developing world.1 Aims and Objectives: To estimate and compare serum Copper, Zinc levels, and Cu/Zn ratio in newly detected pulmonary tuberculosis patients with healthy volunteers. To estimate Total Protein and Albumin levels to rule out hypoproteinemia. Materials and Methods: The study included 40 newly detected sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 40 healthy volunteers. Serum copper and zinc was estimated by colorimetric method using RA-50 semi autoanalyser. Total protein was estimated by biuret method and Albumin, by bromocresol green method using automated analyser. Results and Conclusions: There was a significant increase in serum copper levels in pulmonary tuberculosis patients when compared to control group (P) Keywords: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Copper, Zinc, Cu/Zn Ratio, Total Protein, Albumin

Utility of dried serum spots for triglyceride estimation

In a developing country like India, screening the population of remote areas for Non Communicable Diseases is difficult because of less availability of infrastructure and technical staff. It is ideal to carry out the analysis in a good quality central laboratory, but the transportation of samples in cold chain is of concern. Dried serum spot technology has various advantages compared to conventional serum analysis, it helps in convenient shipment of samples at low cost without the requirement of cold chain. Problems with leaking and spilling of liquid serum samples will not happen. Stability of analytes will be improved. Serum spot analysis is therefore a convenient method for screening the population presenting with health risks. This study was undertaken to look for stability of triglycerides in serum dried on filter paper at room temperature for different time intervals.100 Samples of Patients coming to the laboratory of KLE Hospital Belgaum were analysed for Triglyceride levels. The remaining serum was spotted onto 3M Whattman filter paper and left at room temperature for an hour for drying. Subsequently dried serum spots were analysed for Triglyceride levels on 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days in a Erba semi autoanalyser using commercially available kit.The comparable values obtained from dried serum spots makes it a reliable and convenient method for screening modifiable risk factors like Triglyceride levels. Keywords: Dried serum spots, 3M Whatmann filter paper, Screening, Triglyceride estimation

Hypercholesterolemia ameliorating effect of bangladeshi high yield variety rice bran oil

Background: Hypercholesterolemia led cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications are plaguing the globe. In the present study, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) high yield variety (HYV) rice named as BR5 had been selected for extracting bran oil followed by fatty acid analysis and in vivo hypocholesterolemic effect of the extracted rice bran oil (RBO) for the sake of ameliorating CVD. Method: RBO had been extracted using n-Hexane followed by fatty acid analysis and anti-hypocholesterolemic study on rats against soybean oil (SBO), mustard oil (MBO) and butter oil (BTO) followed by organ function tests. Study period was four weeks. Then the rats had been killed, their blood had been collected and serum biochemical parameters had been analyzed using semi-auto analyzer. Results: Fatty acid analyses revealed BR5 had been the best among the six HYVs of rice. Compared with the other edible oils, RBO derived from BR5 showed significantly increasing effect upon plasma total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering while high density lipoprotein cholesterol increasing. Toxicological studies showed no detrimental effect of BR5 derived RBO on cardiac, renal and hepatic functions. Conclusion: BR5 is a rich source of RBO that provides balanced fatty acid support as well as exerts hypocholesterolemic effects without any detectable side effects. Consumption of BR5 derived RBO would aid in CVD amelioration

Biochemical assessment of iron profile in type 2 diabetes patients.

Objectives: Iron profile is considered to be an important guide for improved health around the globe. An altered iron profile is a risk factor for numerous diseases. Extreme iron accretion in body results in damaging many cellular structures as well as in oxidative damage with many complications. Thus, iron profile must be considered in many ailments including DM. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Biochemistry, BMC Bannu and Department of Medicine, KGN Teaching Hospital Bannu-KPK. Period: January 2019 to June 2019. Material &amp; Methods: 140 subjects were taken in this study, out of which 70 were suffering from type 2 diabetes and 70 were normal healthy controls. BMI was calculated by dividing body weight (Kg) to square of height (meters). The waist / hip circumference ratio was calculated by dividing the waist circumference (cm) to hip circumference (cm). Sphygmomanometer was used for blood pressure measurement. The serum iron, TIBC, UIBC, plasma glucose and HbA1c were measured by semi-auto analyzer. The serum ferritin was estimated by chemiluminescence method. The % transferrin saturation was calculated by formula serum iron (μg/dl) x 100/ TIBC (μg/dl). Result: The anthropometric parameters like weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip circumference ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was statistically extremely significantly (p&lt;0.001) increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects as compared to healthy control subjects. The plasma fasting glucose, HbA1C, serum iron, % saturation and serum ferritin were statistically extremely significantly (p&lt;0.001) increased and UIBC was statistically extremely significantly (p&lt;0.001) decreased while TIBC and hemoglobin were statistically significantly (p&lt;0.05) decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects as compared to healthy control subjects. Conclusion: Elevated iron and ferritin is a risk factor for diabetes and produce many complications. Proper management must be taken to remove the excess iron that can be very harmful to the body.”&#x0D;