Self-reported Sedentary Behavior Research Articles

Self-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour amongst adolescents in Sweden vary depending on sex, age and parental education.

The aim of this study was to investigate self-reported physical activity and sedentary behaviour by sex, age and parental education in a large representative sample of Swedish adolescents. This study is based on data from the national dietary survey Riksmaten Adolescents, which was conducted by the Swedish Food Agency in 2016-2017. In total, 3477 students from grade five (11-12years), eight (14-15years) and eleven (17-18years) were included. A web questionnaire was used to collect information about physical activity and sedentary behaviour. In total, 53% reported active transport to and from school, 93% that they usually participate in the physical education, 76% reported a physically active leisure time, and 66% reported that they participated in organised physical activities. In addition, 12% and 6% reported two hours or less of screen time on weekdays and weekends, respectively. Participation in physical activity was generally lower amongst girls, older adolescents and for those from families with low-parental education. This study provide reference values for self-reported physical activities and sedentary behaviours amongst adolescents in Sweden. Strategies to increase physical activity and reduce screen time are needed, particularly amongst girls, older adolescents and amongst those with low-parental education.

The Paws Project: The Impact Of Social Distancing On Physical Activity During The COVID-19 Pandemic

Physical and social distancing guidelines have been introduced across many US states to minimize community transmission of COVID-19. We hypothesized that social distancing behaviors may pose a barrier to the participation in habitual physical activity for the general population. PURPOSE: To determine whether engaging in social distancing behaviors predicts physical activity level of the US public. METHODS: We developed an online questionnaire: the COVID-19 Physical Activity and Wellbeing Survey (PAWS). Social media was used to recruit 4,819 respondents (Median age: 46 years [IQR: 35-59]; 51.3% female) from the US population during April through June 2020. The survey included questions on adherence to 11 social distancing behaviors, and validated questionnaires which assessed self-reported physical activity and sedentary behavior (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire; GPAQ), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9), anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale; GAD-7) and mental wellbeing (World Health Organization 5-item wellbeing scale; WHO-5). Physical activity level was categorized into 4 distinct groups: inactive (0 MET-min·week-1); low (1-599 MET-min·week-1); moderate (600-2999 MET-min·week-1); and high (≥3000 MET-min·week-1). An ordinal generalized additive model (GAM) was used to determine which social distancing factors predicted physical activity level, after accounting for demographic, socioeconomic, and mental health variables. RESULTS: The GAM analysis revealed that wearing a facemask in public (OR: 1.60 [1.34-1.92]), limiting use of public transport (OR: 1.29 [1.08-1.54]), and restricting travel outside the house (OR: 1.21 [1.02-1.43]) were social distancing behaviors associated with higher odds of being more physically active (P < 0.05). Conversely, working from home (OR: 0.84 [0.74-0.95]) and avoiding physical activity outside the house (OR: 0.76 [0.66-0.88]) were associated with higher odds of being less physically active (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight that working from home and avoiding outdoor physical activity may negatively impact on physical activity levels of the general public during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Health-related lifestyle and dropout from a web-based physical activity intervention trial in older adults: A latent profile analysis.

Selective study dropout limits manifestation and detection of intervention effects and is a major challenge in behavioral intervention studies. Engaging in health-risk behaviors might make individuals especially dropout-vulnerable. Thus, this theory-based study's aim was to identify health-related lifestyle profiles affecting dropout in a web-based physical activity intervention trial targeting older adults. The 12-week intervention trial was conducted between 2016 and 2018 in Germany. Baseline lifestyle profiles consisting of self-reported physical activity, sedentary behavior, alcohol consumption, fruit and vegetable intake, nocturnal sleep, and social activity were assessed with questionnaires and investigated in 589 individuals. The risk of study dropout related to health-related lifestyle profile was tested with Poisson regression in 571 individuals (96.9%). Latent profile analysis identified four latent health-related lifestyle profiles: socially inactive (n = 23, 3.9%), slightly unhealthy (n = 449, 75.2%), health-promoting (n = 81, 13.8%), and highly physically active lifestyle (n = 36, 6.1%). Profiles differed significantly by sex, stage of behavior change, and subjective health. Compared with the average of all profiles, statistically significant study dropout adjusted risk ratios (aRR) were 1.91 for the socially inactive lifestyle, and aRR = 0.73 for the slightly unhealthy lifestyle. There were no statistically significant effects for the highly physically active lifestyle (aRR = 0.94) and the health-promoting lifestyle (aRR = 0.76) on study dropout. This study highlights the relevance of accounting for the correlation between health-related lifestyle profiles and study participation of older adults in physical activity interventions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

The Relationship between Students' Physical Self-Concept and Their Physical Activity Levels and Sedentary Behavior: The Role of Students' Motivation.

This study aimed to analyze the association between specific dimension (i.e., fitness, appearance, physical competence, physical strength, and self-esteem) of students’ physical self-concept (PSC) and their physical activity (PA) levels (i.e., intentions to be physically active and out-of-school PA levels perceived by students) and sedentary behavior (SB) (i.e., total sitting and screen time perceived by students). We also tested the role of students’ motivation (i.e., intrinsic motivation and amotivation) towards PA in these relationships. A total of 1998 Spanish male (n = 1003) and female (n = 995) secondary students, aged between 13 and 17 years (M = 14.92, SD = 0.87) from 22 schools, enrolled in third grade (n = 1081) and fourth grade (n = 917), completed the self-reported questionnaires. Five independent structural equation modeling (SEM) adjusted by students’ sex was used to examine the association between specific dimension of students’ PSC (i.e., fitness, appearance, physical competence, physical strength, and self-esteem) and self-reported PA and SB variables, and to test the role of students’ motivation in these relationships. Overall, most of students’ PSC dimension positively predicted students’ PA outcomes, and were negatively associated with SB. In addition, most of students’ PSC dimension were positively associated with intrinsic motivation, and negatively predicted amotivation. In turn, intrinsic motivation was a positive predictor of PA outcomes, and a negative predictor of SB, whereas amotivation was a negative predictor of PA outcomes and sitting time, and a positive predictor of screen time. Finally, from PSC dimensions, sex as a covariate was a positive predictor of intrinsic motivation and PA outcomes, and was a negative predictor of amotivation and sitting time. These findings suggest the importance of the specific dimensions of PSC perceived by adolescents on their motivational processes, and in turn, on their PA and SB outcomes.

Impact of Activity Monitoring on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Body Weight during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Decreases in individuals’ physical activity and increases in sedentary behavior and bodyweight have been reported during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study assessed the ability of physical activity monitoring, which may promote physical activity and discourage sedentary behavior, to mitigate these negative outcomes. An evaluation of university samples (N = 404, 40.5 ± 15.4 years) of self-reported physical activity, sedentary behavior, and bodyweight prior to the closure of campus due to the pandemic in March of 2020 and again at the time of the survey administration (May–June 2020) during pandemic-related restrictions was performed. Participants also reported whether they did (n = 172) or did not (n = 232) regularly use physical activity monitoring technology. While physical activity was unchanged during the pandemic (p ≥ 0.15), participants significantly increased sitting by 67.8 ± 156.6 min/day and gained 0.64 ± 3.5 kg from pre-campus to post-campus closure (p < 0.001). However, the use of activity monitoring did not moderate these changes. In conclusion, while physical activity was not affected, participants reported significant increases in sedentary behavior and bodyweight during the COVID-19 pandemic. These changes occurred regardless of whether participants regularly used physical activity monitoring or not.

Associations between neighbourhood built characteristics and sedentary behaviours among Canadian men and women: findings from Alberta's Tomorrow Project

Evidence of associations between neighbourhood built characteristics and sedentary behaviours is mixed. The study aim was to investigate the associations between objectively-derived neighbourhood built characteristics and self-reported sedentary behaviours among Canadian men and women. This study sourced survey data from Alberta's Tomorrow Project (2008; n = 14,785), in which sitting and motor vehicle travel times during the last 7 days was measured. Geographic Information System was used to calculate neighbourhood built characteristics within a 400 m buffer of participant's home and a walkability score was estimated. To estimate the associations between neighbourhood characteristics and sedentary behaviours, covariate-adjusted generalized linear regression models were used. Walkability, 3-way intersections, and population count were positively associated with sitting time. Business destinations and greenness were negatively associated with sitting time. Walkability, 3-way, and 4-way intersections were negatively associated with motor vehicle travel time. Sex-specific associations between neighbourhood characteristics and sedentary behaviour were found. Among men, business destinations were negatively associated with sitting time, and 3-way intersections, population count, and walkability were negatively associated with motor vehicle travel time. Among women, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was negatively associated with sitting time. Interventions to reduce sedentary behaviours may need to target neighbourhoods that have built characteristics which might support these behaviours. More research is needed to disentangle the complex relationships between different neighbourhood built characteristics and specific types of sedentary behaviour.

847-P: Goal-Setting Behavior for Physical Activity in Diabetics: A Quality Improvement Project

Low levels of physical activity are strongly associated with increased mortality and numerous health issues which increase health care costs. Diabetes is one disorder that is known to require physical activity for the best control of symptoms. Use of SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound) goals is one approach to assist patients with behavioral changes. They are of little to no cost to patients and help integrate the patient as an active participant in the health care plan. Patients set their own goals, and the health care team provides coaching. In this quality improvement project, we introduced SMART Goals as a patient-centered, self-motivating strategy to increase type II diabetics’ physical activity and thereby decrease their HbA1c (hemoglobin A1c) levels. Coaching was done via telephone for 3 to 4 months. We assessed pre- and post-intervention physical activity levels and gathered HbA1c at routine diabetic follow ups. A total of 29 participants were enrolled in the study, six were lost to follow up. Although no changes were statistically significant in this small sample, the final cohort of 23 patients generally showed an increase in walking and moderate physical activity, a decrease in self-reported sedentary behavior, and overall improvement in HbA1c. On average, greater HbA1c improvements were seen in patients who met their activity goal and change in physical activity level was positively correlated with reduced HbA1c. Findings suggest that HbA1c improvements and increased physical activity levels are possible if patients are encouraged to set actionable SMART goals. This approach can be applied to any clinical setting and could help motivate patients to increase their physical activity levels. Disclosure H. T. Nguyen-vaselaar: None.

A Comparison of Associations Between Self-Reported and Device-Based Sedentary Behavior and Obesity Markers in Adults: A Multi-National Cross-Sectional Study.

The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between self-reported and device-based measures of sedentary behavior (SB) with obesity markers in adults from Latin American countries. Sitting time and total time spent in different SBs were self-reported using two different questionnaires. Accelerometers were used to assess total sedentary time. Body mass index, waist, and neck circumferences were assessed. The highest self-reported sitting time was in Argentina, the highest total time spent in different SBs was in Brazil and Costa Rica, and the highest device-based sedentary time was observed in Peru. Neither self-reported sitting time, total time spent in different SBs or device-based sedentary time were associated with body mass index. Device-based sedentary time was positively associated with waist circumference and self-reported sitting time was positively associated with neck circumference. Caution is warranted when comparing the associations of self-reported and device-based assessments of SB with anthropometric variables.

Reliability and Validity of the ONAPS Physical Activity Questionnaire in Assessing Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in French Adults.

This study was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of a new questionnaire, the ONAPS-PAQ, developed to assess physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) in the general population. A total of 137 healthy adults aged 18 to 69 years were included. Following completion of two physical activity questionnaires (ONAPS-PAQ and GPAQ, the Global physical activity questionnaire) to study concurrent validity, participants wore an accelerometer (UKK-RM42) for 7 days to study criterion validity. A subsample (n = 36) also completed a 7-day-interval test–retest protocol to assess its reliability. Reliability was tested by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa coefficient; concurrent and criterion validity by the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ) and Bland-Altman plot analyses. The ONAPS-PAQ showed good reliability (ICC = 0.71–0.98; Kappa = 0.61–0.99) and concurrent validity (ρ = 0.56–0.86), but only poor criterion validity (ρ = 0.26–0.41), and wide limits of agreement. Self-reported and accelerometer-measured SB were better correlated with ONAPS-PAQ than GPAQ (0.41 vs. 0.26, respectively) and medians were comparable, whereas the GPAQ underestimated SB (SBacc = 481 (432–566), SBONAPS = 480 (360–652), SBGPAQ = 360 (240–540) min·day−1; median (q1-q3)). The ONAPS-PAQ provides good reliability and acceptable validity for the measurement of PA and SB and seems to provide a better assessment of SB than GPAQ.

Digital home-based multidisciplinary cardiac rehabilitation: the way to counteract physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic?

Funding AcknowledgementsType of funding sources: None.IntroductionCentre-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs have been forced to close due to the need for physical and social distancing imposed by COVID-19 pandemic. A major problem emerges concerning the potential harmful effects resulting from the suspension of the centre-based CR programs, leading to physical inactivity and unhealthy lifestyle routines. Therefore, the development of alternative delivery models to maintain access to CR programs and to avoid physical inactivity should be organized and tested.PurposeTo assess the physical activity (PA) levels in a group of patients with known cardiovascular disease (CVD), after completing 3-months of a home-based multidisciplinary digital CR program, organized as an alternative method to the centre-based CR suspended program.MethodsOne hundred and sixteen patients with CVD (62.6 ± 8.9 years, 95 males) who were previously attending a face-to-face CR program were included and the following parameters were assessed at baseline and 3 months: self-reported PA and sedentary behaviour, adherence to the online CR program, cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular symptoms, feelings towards the pandemic, dietary habits, risk factor control, safety and adverse events. The intervention consisted in a multidisciplinary digital CR program, including online exercise training sessions, online educational sessions, psychological online group sessions, risk factor control, nutritional and psychological consults and patient regular assessment by cardiologist and nurse.ResultsNinety-eight CVD patients successfully completed all the online assessments (15.5% drop-out). It was observed a significant increase from moderate-to-vigorous PA (230 ± 198 mins/week to 393 ± 378 mins/week, p < 0.001) and a decrease of the sedentary time at 3-months (6.47 ± 3.26 hours/day to 5.17 ± 3.18 hours/day, p < 0.001). Seventy percent of the patients met the PA recommendations and 41% reached more than 300 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous PA at 3 months. Almost half of the participants (46.9%) did at least more than one online exercise training session per week and attended at least one of the online educational sessions. There were no major adverse events reported and only one minor non-cardiovascular event occurred.ConclusionPatients with CVD, who suspended centre-based CR due to COVID-19 pandemic and started a home-based multidisciplinary digital CR program, had a significant improvement in moderate to vigorous PA after 3 months. Therefore, home-based CR programs showed to be a good option for selected clinically stable patients, who are eligible for CR and cannot attend a centre-based CR program due to COVID-19 pandemic or eventually other reasons.

Misreporting of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Parents-to-Be: A Validation Study across Sex

This study validated the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Context-specific Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire (CSBQ) against accelerometry among parents-to-be. Sex-differences in potential misreporting of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) were also investigated. Self-reported total PA (TPA), light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), vigorous-intensity PA (VPA), moderate-to-vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA), and SB of 91 parents-to-be (41 men and 50 women) were compared with Actigraph data according to sex. Furthermore, the extent of misreporting was compared between sexes. Strong correlations for TPA and weak-to-moderate correlations for LPA, MPA, VPA, MVPA, and SB were observed. Participants underestimated TPA by 1068 min/week (=17.8 h/week; −50%), LPA by 1593 min/week (=26.6 h/week; −83%), and SB by 428 min/week (=7.1 h/week; −11%) and overestimated MPA by 384 min/week (=6.4 h/week; +176%) and MVPA by 525 min/week (=8.8 h/week; +224%). Males overreported VPA more than females in absolute minutes per week (238 min/week, i.e., 4.0 h/week vs. 62 min/week, i.e., 1.0 h/week), whereas, in relative terms, the opposite (+850% vs. +1033%) was true. The IPAQ and CSBQ can be used with caution to estimate TPA and SB among parents-to-be considering a strong correlation but low agreement for TPA and a weak-to-moderate correlation but acceptable agreement for SB. We disadvise using these self-reports to estimate PA on the distinct intensity levels.

Association Between Self-Reported Sedentary Behavior and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Multimorbidity Patients in Singapore.

The study examined the association between sedentary behavior and self-rated health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of patients with multimorbidity in Singapore recruited from a primary care clinic. Sedentary behavior and physical activity were assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form (IPAQ-SF). HRQoL was assessed with EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) utility index, visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) and its 5 subscales (Mobility, Self-care, Usual Activities, Pain/Discomfort, and Anxiety/Depression). Depression was assessed via Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Logistic and linear regression analyses adjusting for the effect of physical activity, depression, and sociodemographic variables (i.e., age, gender, ethnicity, education) were conducted. 932 patients participated in the study (mean age:64.5±8.5 years, range: 35-80) and 55% were men. Results indicated that women were less likely to have sedentary behavior (≥7 hrs/day) than men. Results indicated sedentary behavior was associated with lower EQ-5D index scores, but not EQ-VAS scores. Participants who were sedentary for ≥7 hrs/day were more likely to endorse having problems with mobility, self-care, and usual activities, but not with pain/discomfort, nor anxiety/depression. Sedentary behavior was associated with poorer HRQoL. There is a need for interventions and health promotions to reduce sedentary behavior in patients with multimorbidity.

The Effect of an Acute Sedentary Behaviour Reducing Intervention on Subjective Well-Being among University Students: A Pilot Randomized Trial

Background: The effect of sedentary behaviour (SB) on subjective well-being (SWB), particularly through a SB-reducing intervention largely remains unknown. This pilot trial examined whether an acute intervention designed to reduce SB would enhance SWB in a sample of university students.Methods: A three-week (i.e., baseline, intervention, follow-up) randomized controlled pilot trial was conducted. Thirty-two sedentary university students were randomized to an acute behavioural counseling intervention (n = 17) or control group (n = 15). Behavioural counseling grounded in the health action process approach aimed at reducing daily SB for 1 week. Device-measured outcomes (i.e., steps, standing, sitting, sit-to-stand transitions), self-reported SBs (i.e., self-compared, domain-specific), and SWB measures (i.e., affect, life satisfaction, subjective vitality, overall SWB) were assessed weekly.Results: Repeated-measures ANOVAs revealed non-significant medium-to-large effects for self-reported SBs (i.e., 0.116 ≤ ηp2 ≤ 0.253), device-measured standing time (i.e., ηp2 = 0.161), and life satisfaction and overall SWB (i.e., 0.141 ≤ ηp2 ≤ 0.178) favouring the treatment group over the control group.Conclusions: Overall, this acute intervention was ineffective in reducing SB among university students. Comparatived to previous acute SB-inducing interventions, results suggest that SB-reducing interventions may require more robust treatment application than the current pilot study. Strategies such as prompts/cues, repeated intervention delivery, and longer intervention periods are recommended. Strategies that promote larger non-convenient sampling (e.g., longer recruitment periods) also are recommended. Taken together, these strategies will increase treatment effects and statistical power of subsequent intervention trials.

Associations between Sociodemographic, Dietary, and Substance Use Factors with Self-Reported 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in a Sample of Brazilian Adolescents.

We aimed to identify sociodemographic, dietary, and substance use factors associated with self-reported sleep duration, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB) indicators in a sample of Brazilian adolescents. Adolescents (n = 731, 51% female, mean age: 16.4 years) answered a questionnaire. The volume of total PA, sports, non-sports, total SB, leisure-time SB, involuntary SB, sleep duration, dietary behaviors, sociodemographic, and substance use indicators were self-reported. Multilevel linear models were fitted. Females engaged in less total PA, sports, total SB, and leisure-time SB, but in more involuntary SB than males. Age was positively associated with non-sports and involuntary SB. Socioeconomic status was positively associated with total PA. Adolescents who lived with the mother only practiced more sports compared to those living with two parents. Unprocessed food was positively associated with total PA and sports. Processed food was inversely associated with total PA and non-sports, and positively associated with total SB and leisure-time SB. Alcohol use was positively associated with total PA, and tobacco smoking was negatively associated with total PA. No associations were observed for sleep duration. In conclusion, sociodemographic, dietary, and substance use factors are associated with the 24 h movement behaviors among Brazilian adolescents, and some associations are type specific.

Should leisure-time sedentary behavior be replaced with sleep or physical activity for prevention of diabetes?

The aim was to examine the effects of replacing self-reported leisure-time sedentary behavior with sleep, light-to-moderate physical activity, or vigorous physical activity on incident diabetes among Danish adults using isotemporal substitution modeling. Participants ≥25years from the Danish Capital Region Health Survey 2007 (N=69800, response rate 52.3%), 2010 (N=95150, response rate 52.3%), and 2013 (N=95150, response rate 43.5%) were included. Information on daily sleep duration, leisure-time sedentary behavior, and movement behaviors was collected by questionnaire. Information on incident diabetes was obtained from National registers. Analyses included Cox proportional hazards regression models and isotemporal substitution analyses, with time (in years) from baseline to incident diabetes or censoring December 31, 2017. Potential confounders, sex, age, BMI, ethnicity, education, smoking, inflammatory joint disease, perceived stress, physical and mental component scale and work status, were included. Out of N=87339 in the final study sample, n=3007 had incident diabetes during a mean follow-up time of 7.4years. Adults with incident diabetes included more men, higher mean age, and higher BMI, compared to respondents without incident diabetes. Theoretically substituting 30minutes of leisure-time sedentary behavior with light-to-moderate PA (HR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.94; 0.98) or with vigorous PA (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.72; 0.94) decreased the risk of incident diabetes. We found no change in incident diabetes risk of substituting sedentary time with sleep (HR: 1.00; 95% CI: 0.97; 1.02). Substituting 30minutes per day of leisure-time sedentary behavior with light-to-moderate or vigorous PA may significantly reduce the risk of incident diabetes among adults.

Association of mentally-passive and mentally-active sedentary behaviors with device-measured bouts and breaks of sedentary time in adolescents

Background: Our aim was to analyze the association of self-reported mentally-passive and mentally-active sedentary behaviors with different patterns (bouts and breaks) of device-measured sedentary time in adolescents. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 375 adolescents (177 boys) aged 1015 years. Total time, bouts and breaks of sedentary time were measured through accelerometers. Self-reported sedentary behavior in different activities was summed and divided into mentally-active (playing electronic games, studying and reading) and mentally-passive (watching TV, watching DVD, and using computer for leisure). Bayesian linear regression models were used for association analyses. Results: Only mentally-passive sedentary behaviors were positively associated with longer bouts [1-4 minutes: mean posterior distribution: -0.431 (95% credible interval: -0.745 to -0.114); =15 minutes: 0.641 (0.122 to 1.222)] and lower number of breaks [-0.138 (-0.228 to -0.044)] of device-measured sedentary time. Conclusion: Self-reported mentally-passive sedentary behaviors are associated with longer bouts and lower breaks of device-measured sedentary time.

Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Physical Activity Among the Chinese Youths: The COVID-19 Impact on Lifestyle Change Survey (COINLICS).

Background: The study sought to assess the changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary time among Chinese youths at different stages after the COVID-19 outbreak.Methods: It was based on a retrospective online survey conducted in May 2020. More than 10,000 youths voluntarily recalled their PA-related information at three stages: before COVID-19 (January), during lockdown (February), and after lockdown (May). χ2 tests were conducted to evaluate the significance of the differences in participants' characteristics between sexes, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were performed to examine the significance of differences in changes in PA and sedentary behavior levels between sexes.Results: A total of 8,115 participants were included, with a mean age of 20. The percentage of no PA per week increased significantly and then slightly fell, and that of ≥150 min/week substantially decreased and then rebounded partially (all p < 0.001) (for instance, the percentage of ≥150 min/week of PA total decreased from 38.6 to 19.4%, then rebounded back to 25.3%). Means hours per day spent in sedentary behaviors had significantly increased during lockdown comparing to pre-COVID-19 (all p < 0.001). There were more participants reported reduced PA level than those indicated increased, and more participating youths had their sedentary behavior level increased than those who had it decreased.Conclusions: The study found COVID-19 had both immediate and longer-term impacts on self-reported physical activities and sedentary behaviors among Chinese youths. Relevant efforts should be strengthened to get youths physically moving again.

Sex-specific typologies of older adults\u2019 sedentary behaviors and their associations with health-related and socio-demographic factors: a latent profile analysis

BackgroundSome types of sedentary behaviors tend to cluster in individuals or groups of older adults. Insight into how these different types of sedentary behavior cluster is needed, as recent research suggests that not all types of sedentary behavior may have the same negative effects on physical and mental health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify sex-specific typologies of older adults’ sedentary behavior, and to examine their associations with health-related and socio-demographic factors.MethodsCross-sectional data were collected as part of the BEPAS Seniors, and the Busschaert study among 696 Flemish older adults (60+). Typologies of self-reported sedentary behavior were identified using latent profile analysis, and associations with health-related and sociodemographic factors were examined using analyses of variances.ResultsFive distinct typologies were identified from seven sedentary behaviors (television time, computer time, transport-related sitting time, sitting for reading, sitting for hobbies, sitting for socializing and sitting for meals) in men, and three typologies were identified from six sedentary behaviors (television time, transport-related sitting time, sitting for reading, sitting for hobbies, sitting for socializing and sitting for meals) in women. Typologies that are characterized by high television time seem to be related to more negative health outcomes, like a higher BMI, less grip strength, and a lower physical and mental health-related quality-of-life. Typologies that are represented by high computer time and motorized transport seem to be related to more positive health outcomes, such as a lower body mass index, more grip strength and a higher physical and mental health-related quality-of-life.ConclusionsAlthough causal direction between identified typologies and health outcomes remains uncertain, our results suggests that future interventions should better focus on specific types of sedentary behavior (e.g. television time), or patterns of sedentary behavior, rather than on total sedentary behavior.

Associations between objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behaviour and time in bed among 75+ community-dwelling Danish older adults

BackgroundOlder adults are recommended to sleep 7–8 h/day. Time in bed (TIB) differs from sleep duration and includes also the time of lying in bed without sleeping. Long TIB (≥9 h) are associated with self-reported sedentary behavior, but the association between objectively measured physical activity, sedentary behavior and TIB is unknown.MethodsThis study was based on cross-sectional analysis of the Healthy Ageing Network of Competence (HANC Study). Physical activity and sedentary behaviour were measured by a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph) placed on the dominant wrist for 7 days. Sedentary behavior was classified as < 2303 counts per minute (cpm) in vector magnitude and physical activity intensities were categorized, as 2303–4999 and ≥ 5000 cpm in vector magnitude. TIB was recorded in self-reported diaries. Participants were categorized as UTIB (usually having TIB 7–9 h/night: ≥80% of measurement days), STIB (sometimes having TIB 7–9 h/night: 20–79% of measurement days), and RTIB (rarely having TIB 7–9 h/night: < 20% of measurement days). Multinominal regression models were used to calculate the relative risk ratios (RRR) of being RTIB and STIB by daily levels of physical activity and SB, with UTIB as the reference group. The models were adjusted for age, sex, average daily nap length and physical function.ResultsThree hundred and fourty-one older adults (median age 81 (IQR 5), 62% women) were included with median TIB of 8 h 21 min (1 h 10 min)/day, physical activity level of 2054 (864) CPM with 64 (15) % of waking hours in sedentary behavior. Those with average CPM within the highest tertile had a lower RRR (0.33 (0.15–0.71), p = 0.005) for being RTIB compared to those within the lowest tertile of average CPM. Accumulating physical activity in intensities 2303–4999 and ≥ 5000 cpm/day did not affect the RRR of being RTIB. RRR of being RTIB among highly sedentary participants (≥10 h/day of sedentary behavior) more than tripled compared to those who were less sedentary (3.21 (1.50–6.88), p = 0.003).ConclusionsFor older adults, being physically active and less sedentary was associated with being in bed for 7–9 h/night for most nights (≥80%). Future longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the causal relationship sbetween physical activity and sleep duration.

Prevalence of Major Cardiovascular Disease Events Among People Diagnosed With Schizophrenia Who Have Sleep Disturbance, Sedentary Behavior, or Muscular Weakness.

ObjectiveTo estimate prevalence of major cardiovascular events among people with schizophrenia who had experience of sleep disturbance, sedentary behavior or muscular weakness, and assess evidence for raised prevalence in these individuals compared to people with schizophrenia without these characteristics. MethodsUK Biobank data on individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 1544) were used to examine the prevalence of major cardiovascular events, specifically myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure and cardiovascular death, among participants with candidate risk factors. Generalized linear models were fitted to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for major cardiovascular events among participants with self-reported sleep disturbance, self-reported sedentary behavior, and muscular weakness measured using a handgrip dynamometer. These ratios were adjusted for QRISK3 score—a validated cardiovascular risk prediction algorithm for the UK population. ResultsPrevalence of major cardiovascular events was significantly higher among participants with daytime sleepiness, independent of QRISK3 score, and snoring, a proxy for sleep-disordered breathing (adjusted PR 1.26; 95% CI 1.03, 1.55, P = .03). Prevalence was also independently higher among participants with low muscular strength (adjusted PR1.36; 95% CI 1.05, 1.75, P = .02). The adjusted prevalence ratios among participants with short or prolonged sleep duration, insomnia, or sedentary behavior did not indicate independently raised prevalence among these groups. ConclusionPrevalence of major cardiovascular events among people with schizophrenia was higher in participants with muscular weakness and sleep disturbance evidenced by daytime sleepiness. Further research is required to determine how these factors can be routinely identified and addressed in the clinical management of cardiovascular risk among patients with schizophrenia.