Self-embedding Watermarking Scheme Research Articles

Multi-image based self-embedding watermarking with lossless tampering recovery capability

In recent years, many self-embedding watermarking schemes have been proposed to protect the integrity of images and recover the tampered images. However, current self-embedding watermarking schemes cannot simultaneously achieve the lossless recovery and high tampering-resistance ability. In some sensitive fields, e.g., the medical field and the military field, the lossless recovery and high tampering-resistance ability are extremely important. Therefore, we propose a multi-image based self-embedding watermarking scheme with lossless tampering recovery capability (MISEW), which can not only realize the integrity authentication but also achieve the lossless recovery of the tampered content, even if the watermarked images are tampered extensively. Specifically, the image owner first uses the secret-sharing system and the reference-sharing mechanism to generate multiple sub-secret keys and watermarked images, respectively. Then, these images are sent to multiple receivers. At the receiving end, a single receiver can only realize integrity authentication and tampering localization according to a sub-secret key generated by the secret-sharing system. In addition, only when the number of cooperating receivers exceeds a threshold, the receivers can recover the complete-secret key, and then recover the original image without any loss. Experimental results show that even if all watermarked images are tampered by 44%, our MISEW scheme can achieve lossless recovery. Besides, as long as no less than two watermarked images avoid tampering, lossless recovery can be achieved regardless of the tampering degree for other watermarked images.

Self-embedding Image Watermarking based on Combined Decision Using Pre-offset and Post-offset Blocks

To detect and recover random tampering areas, a combined-decision-based self-embedding watermarking scheme is proposed herein. In this scheme, the image is first partitioned into 2×2 size blocks. Next, the high 5 bits of a block’s average value is embedded into its offset block. The tampering type of block is detected by comparing the watermarks of its pre-offset and post-offset blocks. The theoretical analysis and experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only has a lower ratio of false detection but also better performance with regard to avoiding random tampering.

Reference Sharing Mechanism-Based Self-Embedding Watermarking Scheme with Deterministic Content Reconstruction

This paper presents a reference sharing mechanism-based self-embedding watermarking scheme. The host image is embedded with watermark bits including the reference data for content recovery and the authentication data for tampering location. The special encoding matrix derived from the generator matrix of selected systematic Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) code is adopted. The reference data is generated by encoding all the representative data of the original image blocks. On the receiver side, the tampered image blocks can be located by the authentication data. The reference data embedded in one image block can be shared by all the image blocks to restore the tampered content. The tampering coincidence problem can be avoided at the extreme. The maximal tampering rate is deduced theoretically. Experimental results show that, as long as the tampering rate is less than the maximal tampering rate, the content recovery is deterministic. The quality of recovered content does not decrease with the maximal tampering rate.

Self-embedding fragile watermarking scheme to restoration of a tampered image using AMBTC

The problem of digital forgeries has become more and more serious in various fields like entertainment, digital forensics, and journalism. This paper proposes a self-embedding watermarking scheme f...

Hierarchical recovery for tampered images based on watermark self-embedding

In this paper, we propose a new self-embedding watermarking scheme with hierarchical recovery capability. The binary bits in the adopted MSB layers are scrambled and individually interleaved with different extension ratios according to their importance to image visual quality. The interleaved data, which are regarded as reference bits for tampering recovery, are segmented into a series of groups corresponding to the divided non-overlapping blocks, and then embedded into the LSB layers of blocks together with authentication bits of tampering detection. Because the extension ratios of MSB-layer bits are based on the hierarchical mechanism, the efficiency of reference bits is increased, and higher MSB layers of tampered regions have greater probabilities to be recovered than lower MSB layers, which can improve the visual quality recovered results, especially for larger tampering rates. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme compared with some of state-of-the-art schemes.

Self-embedding watermarking scheme against JPEG compression with superior imperceptibility

To improve the imperceptibility, security and tamper detection performance, a self-embedding watermarking scheme against JPEG compression is proposed in this work. The recovery watermark of all blocks in the host image, which consists of 6-bit DC-code and 5-bit AC-code and simultaneously used to both tamper detection and tamper recovery, is recombined based on the secret key and embedded in the quantized DCT coefficients. This strategy not only enhances the ability against the known forgery attacks due to introducing multi-blocks independency, but also improves the tamper detection performance by designing the tamper detection method based on the multi-neighbor characteristic and multi-threshold optimization. To achieve the better imperceptibility, the 7 middle frequency DCT coefficients of an 8?×?8 block are chosen to hide the 11-bit watermark by adopting the weight-function modulo based embedding method. Robustness against JPEG compression is enhanced by setting the quantization step of the chosen DCT coefficients according to the standard JPEG quantization table and an adjustable scaling factor which balances the robustness with imperceptibility. We also discuss the effects of different scaling factors on the imperceptibility and robustness in terms of peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and survival quality factor (SQF) of watermarked image generated by a given scaling factor. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms conventional semi-fragile restorable watermarking schemes in imperceptibility, tamper detection and tamper recovery in various forgery attacks especially for JPEG compression with low QFs.

Effective self-embedding watermarking scheme for image tampered detection and localization with recovery capability

This paper presents a Discrete Cosine Transformation (DCT) based effective self-recoverable fragile watermarking scheme. For each 2×2 non-overlapping block, two authentication bits, and ten recovery bits are generated from the five most significant bits (MSBs) of pixels. Authentication bits are embedded in the three least significant bits (LSBs) of the block itself while recovery bits are embedded in the three LSBs of the corresponding mapped block. The proposed watermarking scheme is also effective because the authentication of each block is based on two levels hierarchical tampered detection mechanisms. So the detection of tampered block can be ensured with high probability. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only outperforms high-quality restoration effectively, but also removes the blocking artifacts and improves the accuracy of tamper localization due to the use of very small size blocks, smoothing function and two levels tampering detection mechanisms.

Self‐embedding watermarking scheme for colour images by bi‐level moment‐preserving technique

In this study, the watermarking issue for colour image authentication is presented to resist malicious tampering. The objective of this study is to preserve the colour moments such that the tampered region of the colour image can be recovered with high quality. An input colour image is first partitioned into non-overlapping blocks for watermark embedding. The watermark information embedded into each block consists of the authentication data and the feature information that is given by the bi-level moment-preserving technique. In the proofing process, the authors propose a two-stage dual parity-check method and use morphological operations to prove the validity of the image blocks. The former is proposed to check two set dual authentication data for obtaining better results of tamper proofing and the latter is used to further improve the neighbourhood connectivity of the results. In the recovery process, the feature information of each block is rebuilt for reconstruction. The simulation results show that the proposed self-embedding watermarking scheme is able to effectively prove the tempered region with high detection rate and recover the tempered region with high quality. Meanwhile, the proposed scheme outperforms the relevant existing methods.

A Novel Self-Embedding Watermarking Scheme for Image Tamper Detection and Recovery

In this paper, an effective self-embedding fragile watermarking scheme is proposed. The watermark is generated by encoding the DCT coefficients of each 2×2 block and embedded into another block. A non-linear pseudo random sequence is used for generating the block mapping which can enhance the security of the algorithm. An improved tamper localization and recovery algorithm are performed. The experiment results show that the tamper region can be successfully localized and exactly recovered, even if under the content-only tampering.

Chaos-based self-embedding fragile watermarking with flexible watermark payload

This paper proposes a self-embedding watermarking scheme that reduces the watermark payload significantly while maintaining good recovery quality and security. The embedded watermark contributes to the tamper detection and content recovery and is composed of only the compression codes of the image content. The compression codes with variable length are generated according to the roughness of the image. To improve the security, a chaos-based pseudorandom sequence generator is adopted to generate block-mapping sequence and encrypt compression codes. The proposed method takes into account the invisibility, recovery quality, and security using the flexible watermark payload, which preserves sufficient information of the image block with as few bits as possible. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme not only outperforms conventional self-embedding fragile watermarking algorithms in tamper detection and recovery, but also improve the security against the various counterfeiting attacks.

Colour image watermarking for tamper proofing and pattern-based recovery

The rapid development of the internet allows digital media being easily delivered, copied and even tampered. The watermarking issue has thus focused mainly on the medium of authentication. In this study, an efficient self-embedding watermarking scheme for colour image authentication is proposed. The scheme is designed to achieve tamper proofing and high-quality recovery. The scheme is efficient because the validity of image blocks is simply proofed by using a dual-option parity-check method and morphological operations. The former is used to generate authentication information for obtaining better results of tamper proofing and the latter is used to further improve the neighbouring connectivity of the proofing results. To achieve high-quality recovery of the tampered image, the feature information of the host colour image and its corresponding block-edge-pattern information are properly organised to embed into three colour components of the host colour image. Meanwhile, the embedding information is appropriately distributed over luminance and chrominance components of the colour image in the YCbCr colour space such that the quality of the watermarked image can be better obtained. The simulation results show that the proposed watermarking scheme can effectively proof the tempered region with high detection rate and can restore the tempered region with high quality.

Self-embedding watermark with flexible restoration quality

A novel self-embedding watermarking scheme is proposed, in which the reference data derived from the most significant bits (MSB) of host image and the localization data derived from MSB and reference data are embedded into the least significant bits (LSB) of the cover. At authentication side, while the localization data are used to detect the blocks containing substitute information, the reference data extracted from other regions and the spatial correlation are exploited to recover the principal content in tampered area by a pixel-by-pixel manner. In this scheme, the narrower the tampered area is, the higher quality of recovered content can be obtained.

Self-Embedding Watermarking Algorithm with Robustness against Watermark Information Alterations

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 对水印信息篡改鲁棒的自嵌入水印算法 DOI: 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of China under Grant No.NCET-05-0794 (新世纪优秀人才支持计划); the Application Basic Foundation of Sichuan Province of China under Grant No.2006 J13-10 (四川省应用基础研究项目); the Doctors Innovation Funds of Southwest Jiaotong University of China under Grant No.2007 (西南交通大学博士生创新基金) Self-Embedding Watermarking Algorithm with Robustness against Watermark Information Alterations Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:为提高自嵌入水印算法在任意篡改条件下的篡改恢复质量,提出一种对水印信息篡改鲁棒性的空域自嵌入水印算法,分析了算法中阈值选取的合理性和检测篡改的可靠性.该算法首先基于密钥将原始图像的最低位和1/4次低位置零,通过对图像内容的小波低频系数实施均匀标量量化生成低频特征图像,将低频特征图像置乱加密后生成的二值编码嵌入原始图像的置零位;认证时通过设定的阈值识别图像内容被恶意篡改的图像块,从而提高自嵌入水印算法对水印信息篡改和信道噪声的鲁棒性.理论分析和仿真结果表明,无论水印信息被随机篡改还是区域篡改,算法均能根据阈值区分不同篡改并选用不同的方法对其进行篡改恢复,有效地提高了自嵌入算法在部分水印信息篡改时的恢复质量. Abstract:To improve the quality of the reconstructed image in any tamper condition, this work proposes a self-embedding watermarking scheme with robustness against watermark alterations, and discusses the reasonability of the predefined threshold and the reliability of tamper detection. The proposed scheme firstly sets the least significant bit (LSB) of three-quarter pixels and two LSBs of the residual pixels in the original image to zero. And then the low-frequency feature image is obtained by quantizing the low-frequency wavelet coefficients of the original image content. The improved security watermark, which is the binary code of the scramble version of the low-frequency feature image, is embedded into the LSBs which were set to zero. While the image authentication, the proposed method is able to discriminate the malicious modifications from the mild distortions according to the predefined threshold to enhance the robustness against innocuous alterations such as watermark changes and channel noise. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed scheme can discriminate the different modifications according to the predefined threshold no matter the embedded watermark in the host image is randomly or regionally tampered. The quality of the recovery image can be effectively improved due to the fact that the different reconstructed methods are adopted for the different tamper blocks. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Self Embedding Watermarking Using Halftoning Technique

This paper proposes a self-embedding watermarking scheme for digital images. It exploits a digital halftoning technique to transform the host image to a halftone image, in which the content features of the host image are well preserved. This halftone image is utilized as an approximate or compressed version of the host image and further adopted as a watermark. Unlike most available self-embedding watermarking techniques, in which watermark embedding, tamper detection and image recovery are block-wise-based, our scheme is a pixel-wise and block-wise composite scheme. That is, the watermark is pixel-wise permuted and embedded in the least-significant-bit plane of the host image, while in tamper detection and image recovery, a block-wise strategy is employed. This pixel-wise and block-wise complementary mechanism can overcome a common disadvantage of previous block-wise-based self-embedding watermarking techniques. Our scheme can be used for tamper detection and alteration location. Moreover, the tampered area can be approximately recovered using the extracted watermark. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.