Self-Efficacy Scale Research Articles

Association of support group leader experience with Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Support group Leader EDucation Program outcomes: Secondary analysis of a two-arm parallel partially nested randomized controlled trial.

The Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Support group Leader EDucation Program was found in a randomized controlled trial to substantially improve leader self-efficacy. Whether the program is effective for leaders with different levels of experience, including candidate leaders with no prior experience and leaders with ⩽3 years experience or ⩾4 years experience, is not known. The objective of the present post hoc secondary analysis was to evaluate outcomes by leader experience, age, and education. The trial was a pragmatic, two-arm partially nested randomized controlled trial with 1:1 allocation to intervention or waitlist control. Eligible participants were existing or candidate support group leaders. The 13-session leader training was delivered in groups of five to six participants weekly via videoconference in 60- to 90-min sessions. The primary outcome was leader self-efficacy, measured by the Support Group Leader Self-efficacy Scale (SGLSS) immediately post-intervention. Secondary outcomes were Support Group Leader Self-efficacy Scale scores 3 months post-intervention and emotional distress, leader burnout, and volunteer satisfaction post-intervention and 3 months post-intervention. Leaders were classified as having no experience, ⩽3 years experience, or ⩾4 years experience. A total of 148 participants were randomized to intervention (N = 74) or waitlist (N = 74). Compared to leaders with ⩾4 years of experience, Support Group Leader Self-efficacy Scale scores were non-statistically significantly higher post-intervention for leaders with 0-3 years experience and lower for leaders with no experience. The 3 months post-intervention Support Group Leader Self-efficacy Scale scores were significantly lower for leaders without experience and similar for leaders with 0-3 years to those with ⩾4 years experience. There were no differences by experience on other outcomes or by age and education on any outcomes. Support group leader education improved leader self-efficacy but was most effective for leaders with experience prior to initiating the program. NCT03965780; registered on May 29, 2019.

The Effect of Flipped Classroom Model and Kahoot for Intramuscular Injection Training on Nursing Students’ Knowledge, Skills and Self-Efficacy Levels

Objective: To investigate the effects of using a flipped classroom model and Kahoot for intramuscular injection skill training on the knowledge, skill, and self-efficacy levels of nursing students. Methods: The quasi-experimental study was conducted with a total of 180 nursing students (intervention group n=95, control group n=85). Data were collected using a “Knowledge Level Questionnaire,” “Psychomotor Skill Control Form,” and the “General Self-Efficacy Scale”. The flipped classroom model was used in the intervention group. In addition, the multiple-choice questions in Kahoot were asked to both groups. Results: The final test knowledge scores and general self-efficacy scores of the students in the intervention group were found to be statistically higher than the students in the control group (P<.001). The psychomotor skill scores of the students in the intervention group were statistically higher than the students in the control group (P=.010). Regarding the use of Kahoot, the percentage of correct answers for each question was significantly higher for the intervention group than the control group (P<.05). Conclusion: It can be said that the flipped classroom model and Kahoot are effective in intramuscular injection training. The flipped classroom model and Kahoot could also be used for the teaching of other basic nursing skills.

Psychological Balances in the Digital World: Dynamic Relationships Among Social Media Addiction, Depression, Anxiety, Academic Self-Efficacy, General Belongingness, and Life Satisfaction.

In the present era, the rapidly growing social media trends of the digital age have the potential to affect the psychological well-being of individuals. In this context, understanding how Social Media Addiction (SMA) interacts with various factors is important to understanding its potential impact on individuals' psychosocial health. In particular, the prevalence of SMA and its strong relationship with important variables such as anxiety, depression, stress, academic self-efficacy, general belongingness, and life satisfaction have received considerable attention from researchers and the society. This research aims to address the relationship between SMA and these variables in a holistic manner. The research further explored the relationship between life satisfaction and depression, anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and general belongingness. The research is based on a study conducted with 616 students (388 female and 228 male; 17-32 age range) at a state university in the Southeast of Turkey. Personal information form, Smartphone Addiction Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, General Belongingness Scale, and Life Satisfaction Scale were used as data collection tools. Using a structural equation modeling approach, the research not only examined the significant relationships but also examined the mediating and moderating effects in more detail. According to the research results, SMA significantly affects academic self-efficacy, general belongingness, depression, stress and anxiety. Academic self-efficacy and general belongingness both impact life satisfaction. However, SMA does not have a significant effect on life satisfaction. Moreover, it is revealed general belongingness play effective roles in the relationship between SMA and life satisfaction. As a result of the research, it was revealed that gender plays a moderating role in the relationship between SMA and life satisfaction. It has been observed that gender has a moderating role in the relationships between academic self-efficacy, general belongingness, depression, anxiety and stress and life satisfaction. Conversely, there is no moderating influence of gender on the impact of SMA on academic self-efficacy, general belongingness, depression, anxiety, or stress. Consequently, the relationships between SMA and other variables play an important role in understanding their effects on individuals' mental health.

Predicting oral hygiene practices through health behavior, perceived stress and self-efficacy in undergraduate dental students of Pakistan: a national survey

BackgroundDental students face the rigorous demands of coursework, which can lead to feelings of inadequacy and stress. These pressures can negatively influence self-efficacy and cause neglect in practicing healthy behaviors that encompass oral health. Identifying the associations of these variables with oral hygiene practices can help in the formulation of interventions tailored toward supporting young students. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of health behaviors, perceived stress and self-efficacy on oral hygiene practices among undergraduate dental students in Pakistan.MethodsA national online survey was carried out among 904 students across the dental colleges of Pakistan. The survey assessed general health behaviors such as tobacco use, sleep, and exercise, among other demographic variables. Perceived stress was evaluated via the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and self-efficacy was evaluated via the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Twice daily brushing, brushing for 2 min, and changing toothbrushes after 3 months informed oral hygiene practice of the participants.ResultsThe students experienced moderate perceived stress (20.82 ± 5.92) and high self-efficacy (29.19 ± 5.43). The majority of participants were in their third year (31.9%), were female (65.9%), and resided in home during their studies (64.4%). Perceived stress was observed to have no significant effect on the oral practice of participants. Female gender, non tobacco user, regular exercise, frequent dental visits and higher self-efficacy were associated with good oral hygiene practices.ConclusionsThe results highlight the importance of addressing stress, enhancing self-efficacy and encouraging healthy behaviors among dental students to improve their oral health, which could be reflected in their professional practice and personal well-being. This study contributes to the understanding of behavioral determinants and emphasizes the need for supportive measures to foster better health behaviors in future dental professionals.

The relationship between college students' learning engagement and academic self-efficacy: a moderated mediation model.

Despite the return of college students to campus in the post-pandemic era, the deep influence of COVID-19 on learning approaches persists. Existing research has explored fewer mechanisms underlying academic self-efficacy and learning engagement. In line with social cognitive theory, the psychological resilience framework, and vocational socialization theory, this research investigated academic self-efficacy, professional commitment, psychological resilience, and academic engagement among college students in the post-pandemic era. In this research, the focus was on understanding the impact of academic self-efficacy on learning engagement, taking into account gender as a moderator and psychological resilience and professional commitment as mediators. We conducted a survey with 1,032 college students in Henan Province, China, utilizing the Psychological Resilience Scale, Academic Self-Efficacy Scale, College Student Learning Engagement Questionnaire, and College Student Professional Commitment Scale. SPSS and the Process plugin were used to assess mediating and moderating effects. Academic self-efficacy significantly and positively correlates with college students' commitment to learning. The positive anticipation of learning engagement facilitated by academic self-efficacy exerts its effect through the fully parallel mediation of psychological resilience and professional commitment. Notably, the mediation effect of professional commitment was greater than that of psychological resilience. Further research found that the mediation of professional commitment was moderated by gender, with female students demonstrating stronger perceptions of professional commitment associated with elevated levels of learning engagement. Gender did not exhibit a significant moderating effect on psychological resilience. College students' academic self-efficacy, professional commitment, and psychological resilience must be addressed to enhance their learning engagement.

Online Disease Management Training for Older Adults With Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Using online methods in health education is an effective method that provides individual services to older adults with limited access to health services and allows for low-cost and continuous communication. The study was completed with 52 older adults diagnosed with osteoarthritis, including 26 intervention and 26 control participants. For data collection, a Patient Information Form, Visual Analogue Scale, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Self-Efficacy Scale in Arthritis, World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument-Older Adults Module and a Telephone Counselling Follow-up Form were used. Individuals in the intervention group were provided with online training for the first 4weeks and telephone counselling for the following 4weeks. Scales were applied to both groups. The scales were applied to both groups at the first, second and last measurements. It was determined that there was a significant difference between the total pain and functional status scores of the individuals in the intervention and control groups at the second and last measurement (p<0.05), while the average scores of the intervention group were lower control group. The total self-efficacy score and quality of life total score of the intervention group were statistically significantly higher than the total score of the control group (p<0.05). As a result of the research, it was found that online education and telephone counselling given to elderly individuals with osteoarthritis were effective in reducing pain severity and improving functional status, self-efficacy and quality of life. The trial was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov (NCT04816474/2021-08-10/https://register. gov/).

An Evaluation of the First Clinical Posting in Psychiatry of the Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) Curriculum for Undergraduate Medical Students in India.

The new competency-based medical education (CBME) curriculum presents an opportunity to address the many deficiencies in undergraduate (UG) psychiatry education in India. There are no published reports of such evaluations of psychiatry teaching programs based on the new CBME curriculum. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of the first clinical posting in psychiatry of the new CBME curriculum using the following metrics: clinical skills, knowledge, attitudes towards psychiatry, self-efficacy in performing the specific learning objectives (SLOs), and satisfaction with specific teaching-learning and assessment methods implemented. The mean knowledge score after the posting was significantly higher compared to the mean knowledge score at baseline (7.79 vs 5.45, p<0.001). The mean clinical skills score after the posting was 13.77 (0-20 range). Improvement was noted in the mean scores on all three sub-scales of the attitudes toward psychiatry scale. However, the improvement in scores was statistically significant only on the 'Stigma of Psychiatry' sub-scale. The mean scores on the items of the self-efficacy scale were between 63.41 and 77.73 (0-100 range). The mean scores on all items of the satisfaction scale were between 4 (somewhat satisfied) and 5 (very satisfied). We have described an evaluation of the first clinical posting in psychiatry of the new CBME curriculum. The posting was effective in imparting knowledge and clinical skills and potentially bringing about favorable changes in the attitudes toward psychiatry among UG medical students. The students also perceived confidence in performing the SLOs and were satisfied with the teaching-learning methods and assessment methods implemented.

Severity of Pain Catastrophizing and Its Associations With Cognitive Flexibility and Self-Efficacy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Pain catastrophizing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis exacerbates negative pain-related outcomes, such as anxiety, depression, and pain intensity. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the severity of pain catastrophizing and the factors contributing to it among these patients. The present study aimed to assess the severity of pain catastrophizing and its association with cognitive flexibility and self-efficacy in a sample of Iranian patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A descriptive correlational study was conducted on 220 rheumatoid patients referred to a rheumatology clinic affiliated with Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. The instruments used to collect data included a demographic form, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, and the Arthritis Self-Efficacy Scale. The data were analysed using SPSS version 24. The mean age of the participants was 53.25±12.41years, and the mean duration of their disease was 6.63±3.39years. The majority of participants, specifically 61.8%, reported high levels of pain catastrophizing. An inverse and significant correlation was found between pain catastrophizing and cognitive flexibility (p<0.001). Likewise, pain catastrophizing exhibited an inverse and significant correlation with self-efficacy and all its dimensions (p<0.001). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis indicate that the final significant predictors of pain catastrophizing were cognitive flexibility (β=-0.34, p<0.001) and self-efficacy (β=-0.53, p<0.001). These predictors were found to significantly explain 51% of the variance in catastrophizing. Through psychosocial interventions aimed at enhancing pain self-efficacy and cognitive flexibility, healthcare providers can hope to reduce pain catastrophizing and its adverse effects in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Meditating role of career sustainability in the relationship between teachers’ self-efficacy and job satisfaction and subject well-being

The main purpose of this study, explore the mediating role of career sustainability in the relationships between teacher self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and subjective well-being. Teachers should have an acceptable level of satisfaction regarding self-efficacy, career sustainability, and job satisfaction to secure well-being. In a sense, this claim mandates revealing the relationships between these variables. Accordingly, we collected data from 369 Turkish language teachers aged 24–55 years employed in public schools using the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale, Short Index of Job Satisfaction, Career Sustainability Scale, and Subjective Well-Being Scale and tested a mediation model to seek answers to our hypotheses. We collected the data using an online questionnaire battery web-based survey (Google Forms) which was created using data collection measures and demographic items. After creating the survey using Google Forms, we distributed it through various channels such as email lists, social media platforms, and professional networks (e.g., teacher WhatsApp groups, teacher Telegram groups, etc.). Respondents were invited to participate in the survey voluntarily. The findings showed that career sustainability mediated the relationships between teacher self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and subjective well-being. Accordingly, we may claim that teachers with desirable career sustainability are likely to have increased job satisfaction and well-being, contributing to their self-efficacy. This research emphasises the essential significance of career sustainability in the overall well-being and work satisfaction of teachers. Future study should investigate treatments aimed at improving career sustainability and examine these linkages in other cultural settings.

The Impact of Group Psychological Counseling on Counseling Self-Efficacy: A Mixed-Methods Study

This study aims to examine the impact of group counseling practice conducted with undergraduate psychological counseling and guidance (PCG) students on their counseling self-efficacy levels. The study group consisted of 36 third-year students enrolled in the Group Counseling Principles and Techniques course in the spring semester of 2019 at the Department of PCG at Atatürk University. Since the course content was theoretical and students needed to have fundamental knowledge related to the course, it was taught theoretically for the first 7 weeks (until the midterm exam). After the midterm, group counseling practice was conducted with students divided into three groups for the remaining 7 weeks. The researcher led the sessions, and the students participated as group members. The Counselor Activity Self-Efficacy Scales was administered immediately before and one week after the practice. After the practice, students were also asked to fill out a semi-structured form to evaluate their group experiences. This study was designed using the explanatory sequential design, one of the mixed research methods. The quantitative aspect of the research was conducted as a single-group pretest-posttest design, one of the weak experimental designs. In analyzing the quantitative data, the Paired Samples t-Test was used for pretest-posttest comparisons. For the qualitative aspect, content analysis was performed on the forms filled out by the students. The study found that group counseling practice significantly increased the counseling self-efficacy of the counselor candidates, and the students’ qualitative responses supported this finding. Furthermore, students indicated that the practice contributed to their development in both professional skills and personal relationships. It is observed that individual counseling practices are generally emphasized in psychological counselor education. Considering the inadequacy of group counseling practices in counselor education and the lack of research addressing the contributions of these practices to the personal and professional development of psychological counselors, it is evaluated that the results of this research will contribute to the field.

Comparison of self-efficacy in cardiopulmonary resuscitation position by a single rescue: over-the-head or lateral position?

Self-efficacy can speed up and improve quality of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but it will be difficult to achieve if using a bag-valve-mask (BVM) by a single rescue. This study aimed to compare the differences of self-efficacy when performing CPR in the lateral and over-the-head (OTH) positions using a BVM device in a single rescue. A quasi-experimental with a post-test-only group design approach. This study involved 100 respondents divided into two groups, namely 50 respondents in the lateral position and 50 in the OTH position. Respondents' self-efficacy was assessed using the resuscitation self-efficacy scale (RSES). The statistical test used was Mann-Whitney. The results of this study showed that the OTH group had a higher level of self-efficacy, 46 (92%), than the lateral group, 40 (80%). In addition, the results of the Mann-Whitney statistical test also obtained p-value=0.000 (α=0.05) and mean rank value (OTH=63.30, lateral=37.70), indicating that there was a difference in self-efficacy between the OTH and lateral positions, with the OTH group having higher self-efficacy compared to the lateral group. Therefore, if CPR is performed by a single rescue with a BVM device, it can be performed with the OTH position.

Delay Discounting and BMI in Hypertensives: Serial Mediations of Self-Efficacy, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior.

Our study aimed to examine the association between delay discounting (DD) and body mass index (BMI) in individuals with hypertension. Additionally, we sought to explore and compare the potential mediating effects of self-efficacy, physical activity and sedentary behavior in this association. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in two cities in the Jiangsu province of China, specifically Nanjing and Yangzhou, from March to June 2023. A total of 972 hypertensive patients completed the questionnaire (M age = 64.7 years, SD age = 8.2 years, 54.2% female). Participants engaged in a money choice experiment on computers, provided their height and weight, and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). The experimental program was generated using the programming software E-Prime version 2.0. Multiple hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to identify potential covariates. Two serial mediation models were conducted using PROCESS macro 4.1 in SPSS 27.0. Physical activity and sedentary behavior were designated as M2 to investigate and contrast their respective mediating effects in the association between delay discounting and body mass index. Self-efficacy, physical activity, and sedentary behavior served as mediators in the relationship between delay discounting and BMI. Self-efficacy accounted for 14.9% and 14.3% of the total effect in Models 1 and 2, respectively, while physical activity and sedentary behavior each accounted for 14.9% and 9.5% of the total effect, respectively. The serial mediation effects of self-efficacy and physical activity, as well as self-efficacy and sedentary behavior, were significant (B = 0.01, 95% CI [0.01, 0.02]; B = 0.01, 95% CI [0.002, 0.01]), collectively contributing 2.1% and 2.4% of the total effect. Sedentary behavior played a smaller mediating role compared to physical activity in this association. The results indicated that self-efficacy, physical activity and sedentary behavior could act as mediators in the association between delay discounting and BMI, thus potentially mitigating the risk of obesity in hypertensive individuals.

The chain mediating effects of self-efficacy and social support on family function and anxiety in male infertility patients.

Infertility, an escalating public health issue, exacerbates psychological distress, especially anxiety, among affected individuals. This study explores the intricate relationships between family function, self-efficacy, and social support in moderating anxiety levels in male infertility patients. Understanding these dynamics offers valuable insights for crafting effective psychological interventions. This study involved 202 male infertility patients through convenience sampling, employing the Self-Efficacy Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, Family Function Scale, and Anxiety Self-Rating Scale for assessment. Structural equation modeling (SEM) with Bootstrap analysis was utilized to explore the relationships among these variables. Analysis of 202 male infertility patients revealed a notable prevalence of anxiety (67.8%), with family function directly and indirectly influencing anxiety levels through self-efficacy and social support. SEM highlighted the mediating roles of self-efficacy and social support between family function and anxiety, demonstrating significant direct (family function on anxiety) and indirect effects (family function to anxiety via social support and self-efficacy). Notably, a chain mediation effect, where family function impacts anxiety through the sequential influence of social support and self-efficacy, accounted for a significant portion of the total effect on anxiety. These findings emphasize the critical role of enhancing family function, self-efficacy, and social support to reduce anxiety among this population. This study underscores the significant impact of family function on the psychological well-being of male infertility patients, with self-efficacy and social support serving as pivotal mediators. Improving these factors could effectively mitigate anxiety, suggesting that interventions targeting family dynamics, self-efficacy enhancement, and social support networks are essential for addressing the psychological distress associated with infertility. Future research should consider these dynamics to develop more comprehensive treatment and intervention strategies aimed at this vulnerable group.

Hybrid and on-site working: correlation between working modality and psychophysical health.

This study investigates the psychophysical health implications of hybrid and on-site working modalities among desk workers. It focuses on how hybrid work, integrating remote and on-site elements, influences physical activity, efficiency, and overall health. The research involved 57 desk workers, evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and accelerometers for physical activity, the Cubo Fitness Test for physical efficiency, and blood sample analyses for clinical parameters. Psychosocial traits were assessed through the General Self-Efficacy Scale, the Psychological General Well-being Index, and the Job Content Questionnaire. We analyzed: 1) the correlation between physical activity, physical efficiency, and health parameters in the entire sample of desk workers (composed both by hybrid and on-site workers); 2) differences between hybrid and on-site workers; and 3) correlations between hybrid work composition (the percentage of remote working per week) and health-related parameters. Statistical analysis showed relationships between physical efficiency, amount of physical activity, and clinical health parameters in line with the literature. Moreover, hybrid workers engaged in significantly more intense physical activities outside work hours than on-site workers. In addition, hybrid working showed better results in some components of psychosocial well-being. Despite that, no significant differences were found in clinical health parameters. A correlation analysis between hybrid work composition and all considered health-related parameters highlighted that the higher the remote working, the higher the vigorous physical activity, but the worse the psychosocial status and clinical parameters. The findings suggest that a hybrid working model could effectively support the health of desk workers if adequately balanced.

Ketamine Therapy in Patients of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Prospective Pilot Study to Evaluate Abstinence Rate with This Add-on Treatment Modality

Background: Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) are emerging as a substance use disorder having various psychological and physical ill effects leading to hampering of individual’s productivity and functioning. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ketamine in enhancing confidence levels to abstain from alcohol. Methods: Eighteen patients were administered ketamine intravenously after detoxification; a total of three doses, with a 3-day gap between each. The Alcohol Abstinence Self-Efficacy Scale was used to measure their confidence in abstaining from alcohol. Results: The study revealed a significant increase in mean confidence scores after three ketamine sessions, with a final assessment showing a 51.98% increase in confidence from baseline. Conclusions: The study found that ketamine therapy significantly increased confidence levels in individuals with AUD to abstain from alcohol, with P = 0.05 threshold. However, the impact may wane over time, suggesting the need for additional support or maintenance treatments.

Epistemic Curiosity and Academic Self-Regulatory Learning in Undergraduates: Unveiling the Mediating Role of Academic Self-Efficacy

This study sought to investigate the correlation between epistemic curiosity, academic self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning in undergraduate students. The study explored how academic self-efficacy mediated the interaction between epistemic curiosity and academic self-regulating learning. Selected from many colleges in Islamabad and Rawalpindi, a suitable sample of 240 students—120 male and 120 female—aged 18 to 25 years (M=20.47, SD=1.39). The present research applied the epistemic curiosity scale (Litman, 2008), academic self-efficacy scale (Sachitra &amp; Bandra, 2017), and the academic self-regulatory learning Questionnaire (Nambiar et al., 2022). Pearson product-moment correlation indicated a substantial positive correlation among university students' epistemic curiosity, academic self-efficacy, and academic self-regulatory learning. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), mediation studies found that academic self-efficacy greatly mediated the link between epistemic curiosity and academic self-regulatory learning among university students. The results showed that undergraduate students' academic self-efficacy greatly enhanced the positive link between epistemic curiosity and academic self-regulatory learning, to maintain the positive relationship between undergraduate students' sense of epistemic curiosity and self-regulated learning, this study highlights the importance of academic self-efficacy, guiding for improving teaching strategies. It also provides empirical data to direct behavior increasing curiosity and confidence, fostering better academic performance.

Self-efficacy in increasing physical activity of coronary heart disease patients: a cross-sectional study

Introduction: This study aimed to determine the association of physical activity and self-efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among outpatients of coronary heart disease at a cardiovascular center. A total of 238 coronary heart disease patients were included in the study using a purposive sampling technique. The self-efficacy was measured using the cardiac self-efficacy scales (CSE), and the physical activity was measured using the long form International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Data analysis used the Chi-square test, Spearman correlation test and multivariate linear regression. Results: Self-efficacy was strongly positively correlated with physical activity in coronary heart disease patients (r = 0.956; p = 0.001). Domain-specific correlations included domestic (r=0.419, p&lt;0.001), work (r=0.383, p&lt;0.001), leisure time (r=0.296, p&lt;0.001), and transport (r=0.247, p&lt;0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that employment status had the most significant negative impact on physical activity (B = -246.477), while age (B = 123. 889) and self-efficacy (B = 93.513) were positively associated with physical activity. These results indicate that higher self-efficacy and older age are linked to increased physical activity, whereas employment status is associated with decreased physical activity. Conclusions: In this population, self-efficacy, remaining working status and age are important factors of physical activity in coronary heart disease patients. Keywords: coronary heart disease, good health and well-being, physical activity, self-efficacy

Stigma, seizure self-efficacy, and quality of life in children with epilepsy.

In addition to seizure care, it has been well-established that a holistic approach to the treatment of children with epilepsy that addresses the social, behavioral, and psychological dimensions also benefits their quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to investigate the patient and parental perceived stigma, seizure self-efficacy of children with epilepsy, and the relationship with quality of life in terms of sociodemographic and epilepsy-related factors. The study group consisted of children, aged between 8 and 18years and with a diagnosis of epilepsy of at least six months duration and their parents. Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL), Child-Parent Stigma Scales, and the Seizure Self-Efficacy Scale for Children (SSES-C) were used for evaluation. One hundred and forty-four children (mean age 12.6 ± 2.9years) took part, of whom 48.6% were female. The mean Child Stigma Scale score was 1.77 ± 0.82, Parent Stigma Scale score 2.41 ± 0.75, SSES-C score was 3.37 ± 0.98, and PedsQL score was 72.8 ± 18.6 for children self-reports (CsR) and 73.2 ± 18.8 for parent proxy-reports. The intraclass correlation coefficient for parent-child PedsQL indicated a good level of agreement. There was a significant negative correlation between the Child Stigma Scale and the PedsQL-CsR scores. A significant positive correlation was identified between the SSES-C scores and the PedsQL-CsR scores. Perceptions of stigma in children with epilepsy and their parents were high in this study population. Of note, the elevated stigma perception reported by the patients had a detrimental impact on seizure self-efficacy. This relationship may affect the children's QoL and further complicates epilepsy management in this patient group.

Unraveling psychological burden: the interplay of socio-economic status, anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, and stress in first-year medical students

BackgroundThe escalating prevalence of mental health issues among young adults, set against the backdrop of a global healthcare system under pressure, underscores the necessity for cultivating a resilient medical workforce. This study investigates the influence of socio-economic status (SES) on psychological well-being, with a particular focus on Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) and Intolerance of Uncertainty (IU) among first-year medical students. Understanding the psychological dimensions affecting medical students is crucial for fostering a future medical workforce that is both capable and mentally healthy.MethodsThis research involved 321 first-year medical students, evaluated using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), Anxiety Sensitivity Index (ASI), the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (UI-18), and the Student Self-Efficacy Scale (SSE), alongside socio-economic categorization. Employing descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and correlation analyses, the study aimed at elucidating the SES impact on AS and IU, among other psychological constructs.ResultsThe analysis revealed significant SES-related differences, especially in the realms of Anxiety Sensitivity and Intolerance of Uncertainty. Notably, ASI_C (cognitive concerns) exhibited strong positive correlations with both UI_A (reduced ability to act due to IU) (Pearson’s r = 0.562, p < 0.001) and UI_B (burden due to IU) (Pearson’s r = 0.605, p < 0.001), highlighting the link between cognitive aspects of anxiety and uncertainty intolerance. Furthermore, UI_C (vigilance due to IU) was significantly associated with SES (F(4, 316) = 2.719, p = 0.030, η² = 0.033), pointing to the complex ways in which socio-economic factors modulate responses to uncertainty. Self-efficacy emerged as a significant counterbalance, showing protective associations against the adverse effects of heightened Anxiety Sensitivity and Intolerance of Uncertainty.ConclusionOur findings indicate that lower socio-economic status is associated with higher levels of Anxiety Sensitivity and Intolerance of Uncertainty, which contribute to increased stress among first-year medical students. Additionally, Self-Efficacy emerged as a significant protective factor, mitigating the expressions of AS and IU. Although medical faculties cannot change SES characteristics within their student body, recognizing its impact allows for the development of tailored support systems to address the unique challenges faced by students from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. This study underscores the necessity of considering social diversity, particularly regarding AS and IU characteristics, to foster a supportive and effective medical education environment with an outlook on sustainable mental health in a demanding work context.

Effect of physical exercise on negative emotions in Chinese university students: The mediating effect of self-efficacy

ObjectiveThis study investigates the impact of physical activity on negative emotions among university students and examines the mediating influence of self-efficacy, aiming to furnish empirical insights and a theoretical framework to enhance and optimize the mental health of this population comprehensively. MethodsUsing the cluster random sampling method, 5341 university students were selected from three universities. The questionnaire included demographic information about university students, physical exercise behaviors, expressions of negative emotions such as depression and anxiety, and self-efficacy in physical exercise. The types of questionnaires included the Physical Activity Rating Scale (PARS-3), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS). Results76.877 % of university students had low exercise. The detection rates of depression, anxiety and stress in negative mood were 77.041 %, 64.276 % and 47.931 %, respectively. There were significant differences in physical exercise and negative mood scores among university students of different genders and grades. University student. Negative emotions were significantly correlated with physical exercise and self-efficacy (P < 0.001). According to the regression model, physical exercise can significantly predict negative emotions and self-efficacy. The mediating effect of self-efficacy is evident. ConclusionPhysical exercise among university students typically comprises light workouts, associated with a high prevalence of anxiety symptoms. Self-efficacy acts as a mediator in the effects of physical exercise on negative emotions within this group.