Self-compassion In Adolescents Research Articles

Whether and How Family Functioning Relates to the Development of Self-Compassion and Emotion Regulation in Chinese Migrant Children? A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis.

Given the heightened difficulties in social adjustment and the potential diminishment of social networks encountered by migrant children, family functioning may play a crucial role in their development. Existing research has highlighted the significance of family environment in shaping adolescent self-compassion and emotion regulation, which can serve as protective factors against adverse emotional outcomes. However, there remains a lack of comparative studies to examine the specific effects of family functioning on fostering self-compassion and emotion regulation in both migrant and their non-migrant counterparts. The present study utilized a three-wave longitudinal design with 12-month intervals to examine the longitudinal effects of family functioning on self-compassion and emotion regulation, while also examining potential variations in these associations between migrant and non-migrant children. A total of 244 migrant children and 491 non-migrant children from a high school in Guangdong Province (357 females; Mage = 15.3 at Time 1, SDage = 0.53) participated in this study. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) were utilized to examine the longitudinal associations among family functioning, self-compassion, and emotion regulation in both groups. The results showed that, at the within-person level, family functioning reciprocally predicted self-compassion over time among migrant children, and it also exerted an indirect effect on emotion regulation, mediated by self-compassion. Among non-migrant children, emotion regulation positively predicted self-compassion over time, with no other observed cross-lagged effects.

Self-Compassion in Adolescents and Young Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Relationship of Self-Compassion to Psychosocial and Physical Outcomes.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at an increased risk for poor physical and mental health due to the complexity of pediatric onset IBD and the unique developmental challenges of this period of life. Self-compassion is increasingly recognized as having an important role in explaining health outcomes and well-being across a range of populations. This study examines the relationship between self-compassion and psychosocial and physical health outcomes in AYAs with IBD. In this cross-sectional study, AYAs with IBD aged 15 to 25 years completed an online survey between February 2020 and October 2021. Questionnaires included the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures for psychosocial, physical and global health outcomes, and IBD disease activity indices. AYAs with higher levels of self-compassion were found to have better psychosocial (ie, anxiety, depressive symptoms, psychological stress, physical stress, peer relationships), physical (ie, fatigue), and global health outcomes. Self-compassion was a significant independent predictor of anxiety (β = -5.80, P = < .001), depressive symptoms (β = -7.09, P = < .001), psychological stress (β = -4.66, P = < .001), physical stress (β = -3.19, P = < .001), peer relationships (β = 3.39, P = .003), fatigue (β = -2.05, P = .019), and improved global health (β = 5.15, P = < .001). This study offers preliminary support for the importance of self-compassion in AYAs with IBD and demonstrates the need for further research in this area.

Age-varying associations of parent-adolescent relationship and school connectedness with adolescent self-compassion: Differences by gender.

Parent-adolescent relationships and school connectedness are critical promotive factors for adolescent self-compassion. However, little is known about how the magnitude of the associations between these protective factors and self-compassion changes across continuous age groups and whether gender differences exist in the age-varying associations. This study aims to investigate (1) the age-varying associations of parent-adolescent relationships and school connectedness with self-compassion using time-varying effect modeling and (2) how their age-varying associations may differ by gender. A total of 14,776 adolescents aged 10-18 (mean age = 13.53 ± 2.08, 52.3% males) from Shenzhen, China participated in this study. All adolescents completed the online questionnaires in the school computer rooms. The results showed that both parent-adolescent relationships and school connectedness were positively associated with adolescent self-compassion, and the magnitudes fluctuated with age. Specifically, the association between parent-adolescent relationships and self-compassion peaked for adolescents in early adolescence, with the key timing for girls (age group of 10 years old) being slightly earlier than boys (age group of 11 years old). The association between school connectedness and self-compassion was stronger for boys in the early years of adolescence (in the age group of 12.7 years), while stronger for girls during middle adolescence (in the age group of 14.0 years). Overall, girls were more sensitive to connections with parents and schools than boys during most age groups. The findings demonstrated differential key timing for boys and girls regarding family- and school-based intervention to cultivate self-compassion and highlighted the importance of maintaining strong connections with families and schools for cultivating adolescent self-compassion, particularly for girls.

The Relationship Between Self-Compassion and Symptoms of Physical Deformities in Adolescents

Current-focused detection education Adolescent self-compassion and physical deformity symptoms, and demographic inequalities. The sample included N=293 teenagers. Study goals were met using the self-compassion measure. (Neff et al., 2021) The External Appearance Anxiety Scale (Park, 2007) and external rejection sensitivity meter (Roberts et al., 2018). The study demonstrated a positive link between self-compassion and sensitivity to appearance-based rejection (R=0.345) and anxiety about outward appearance (R=0.553). Teens with physical abnormalities had an average arithmetic mean of 3.26 self-compassion. Two sections rated very high, four scored about average, and outward appearance concern had an arithmetic mean of 2.63. It was also found that there was a statistically significant difference at the level of statistical significance (α = 0.05) according to the gender variable on the scale of rejection sensitivity due to appearance, and there were no differences on the rest of the scales, and there was no difference on anxiety about external appearance according to the school level variable, and there were no differences on the rest of the scales, and there were differences on self-compassion and anxiety about external appearance, and there were no differences on the rejection sensitivity scale due to appearance attributed to the weight variable, and there was a difference in empathy with Self and there are no differences on the rest of the scales according to the variable "Have you performed an operation," and it was found that the differences in the gender variable came in favor of males compared to females, while the differences in weight came between the category "my weight is commensurate with my height and I have excess weight by more than 20%" and the category "my weight is proportional to my height" and the differences were in favor of the first category, and with regard to the variable differences according to the order between my brothers and sisters, the dimensional comparisons show that there are differences between the first or second category and between The latter category and in favor of the first and second, and finally it was found that there is a statistically significant contribution at the level of significance (a = .05) for the variables of the study These characteristics account for 4% of self-compassion variance, but they predict plastic surgery exposure greatest, current weight second, and gender least.

On the Edge of Psychopathology: Strong Relations Between Reversed Self-compassion and Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression in Young People

Self-compassion is assumed to have a protective role in the etiology of emotional problems in adolescents. This assumption is primarily based on correlational data revealing negative correlations between the total score on the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and symptom measures of anxiety and depression. Recently, however, the SCS has been criticized because this scale not only consists of items measuring compassionate self-responding (i.e., self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness), but also includes ‘reversed’ items measuring uncompassionate self-responding (i.e., self-criticism, isolation, and overidentification), which would undermine the validity of the scale as an index of a protective construct. The present article used two methods to demonstrate that compassionate (positive) and uncompassionate (negative) self-responding have differential effects on emotional problems in youths. In the first part, a meta-analysis based on 16 relevant studies demonstrated a modest protective effect of positive self-compassion on anxiety/depression and a large (and significantly stronger) vulnerability effect of negative self-compassion on such emotional symptoms. In the second part, network analyses were conducted on three previously collected data sets and these analyses again showed that negative self-compassion is more closely connected to young people’s symptoms of anxiety and depression than positive self-compassion. It is argued that the observed differential effects should not be discarded as a subversive fallacy, but rather offer an opportunity for studying the role of self-compassion in adolescents’ emotional psychopathology in a more sophisticated way, taking into account both protection and vulnerability.

Desistance from physical abuse in a national study of Nepal: Protective informal social control and self-compassion

BackgroundResearch on the conditions under which perpetrators desist from child maltreatment has seen greater attention as part of the efforts to break the cycle of maltreatment. New theoretical insights suggest that informal actions (herein protective informal social control of child maltreatment) by network members which communicate warmth, empathy with victim distress, and promote the modeling of positive parenting practices are more likely to increase maltreatment desistance. Likewise, parents' desistance from maltreatment is theorized to impact on adolescents' (victim) cognition and self-compassion. ObjectiveThis study examined the relationship among protective informal social control of child maltreatment (protective ISC_CM) by social networks, physical abuse desistance, and adolescent self-compassion. Participants and settingA nationally representative sample of 1100 mothers and their adolescent children (aged 11–15) in Nepal was obtained. MethodsQuestionnaires were administered to mothers and their adolescent children independently. Hypotheses were tested using regression models with standard errors corrected for clustering within wards. ResultsMore than 1 in 7 mothers reported perpetrating physical abuse in the past year, and 1 in every 5 adolescents reported being victims of physical abuse. Odds of abuse desistance increase by roughly 10 % for each act of protective ISC_CM reported by the mother. Also, odds of abuse desistance associated with higher adolescent self-compassion, and acts of protective ISC_CM associated with higher levels of adolescent self-compassion. ConclusionThe findings suggest that interventions to boost desistance from maltreatment and break the cycle of abuse in Nepal, should focus on promoting protective informal social control actions.

Perceived Parenting Style and Adolescent Self-Compassion: A Longitudinal, Within-Person Approach

ObjectivesCaregiver responses are important in shaping how children, and later adolescents, engage in their own self-compassionate responding and uncompassionate self-responding. However, longitudinal research exploring the relationship between parenting style and adolescent self-compassion is limited. We examined the degree to which psychologically controlling and supportive parenting styles were linked to changes in compassionate self-responding (CSR) and uncompassionate self-responding (USR), both contemporaneously and longitudinally. We further explored the extent that any effects were heterogeneous: Does parenting influence self-compassion for some adolescents but not others?MethodWe measured CSR, USR, parental support, and parental psychological control in a group of 2596 adolescents annually over 4 years (Grades 9 to 12 inclusive, Mages = 14.65 (T1) to 17.73 (T4) years).ResultsThe multi-level modelling analysis of individual relationships between parenting and self-compassion revealed relatively independent effects of perceived parenting on CSR and USR respectively. Individual changes in supportive parenting were more strongly associated with changes in CSR than with USR, and within-person changes in psychologically controlling parenting were more strongly associated with USR than with CSR. Further, the strength of these relationships was heterogeneous, with parenting having a larger effect on some than others. Longitudinally, controlling parenting predicted the development of USR.ConclusionsOverall, the link between parenting and adolescent self-compassion significantly varied, with some adolescents reporting a large change in self-compassion in years when parenting changed, and some reporting little to no change in self-compassion in years when parenting practices changed. The present study therefore highlights the importance of parenting in understanding self-compassion and the need for further research that seeks to identify factors that moderate the link between parenting and self-compassion.PreregistrationThis study is not preregistered.

Empathy as Mediator in Relationship between Self-Compassion and Prosocial Behavior among Adolescents

As a construct which promotes having compassion for ourselves, self-compassion has been found to have an inconsistent relationship with prosocial behaviour. However, the relationship between self-compassion and prosocial behaviour might be mediated by another predictor, such as empathy. The lack of literature discussing self-compassion in adolescents also encouraged this research. In this study, we examine the mechanism between self-compassion and prosocial behaviour through empathy as a possible mediating factor. Participants of this study were 303 adolescents in Indonesia aged 11-18 years old who filled out Self-Compassion Scale, Basic Empathy Scale and Prosocial Tendencies Measure-Revised. All the data were analyzed using the mediation analysis using approach introduced by Hayes. The results of statistical analysis showed there was a direct significant effect of self-compassionon prosocial behaviour (c = 0.10, p&lt;0.05), and there was no significant effect from self-compassionon empathy (b=0.04, 95% CI [-0.030, 0.101]). Therefore, there was no indirect effect from self-compassionto prosocial behaviour through empathy. It can be concluded that empathy is not a mediator in the relationship between self-compassion and prosocial behaviour in adolescents.

Role of Positive Adolescent Development and Self-compassion in the Aggression Tendency of Female High School Students in Yazd City

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the role of positive adolescent development and self-compassion in the aggression tendency of female students of high schools in Yazd City.&#x0D; Methods: The research design in this study was descriptive and correlational. The participants in this research were 362 female students in the second grade of high school in Yazd City in the academic year of 2020-2021, who were selected based on random cluster sampling In order to collect data, Goldhoff et al.'s Positive Development Questionnaire (2014), Self-Compassion Questionnaire (2003) and Bass and Perry's Aggression Questionnaire (1992) were used. Data analysis and correlation method based on the approach Structural equation modeling was done using AMOS software, version 21.&#x0D; Results: The results showed that the positive transformation of adolescence has a direct, positive and significant effect on self-compassion (β = 0.66 and P &lt; 0.01) and a direct, negative and significant effect on aggression (β = -0.33 and P &lt; 0.01) and self-compassion have a direct, negative and significant effect on aggression (β = -0.29 and P &lt; 0.01) in the female students of the second grade of high school in Yazd City.&#x0D; Conclusion: self-compassion plays a mediating role in the relationship between the positive development of adolescence and aggression of female students in the second grade of high school in Yazd City and by increasing the positive development of adolescence and self-compassion in adolescents, their tendency to aggression can be reduced.

Influences on the Development of Self-compassion in Adolescents

Self-compassion is an adaptive psychoprotective factor that helps individuals objectively perceive and accept their own encounters or suffering and respond with self-directed kindness. Adolescence is a period of rapid changes in cognitive development, and the superimposition of these changes with academic pressures, etc., is highly likely to lead to adolescents' mental health problems. In this study, we systematically investigate the factors influencing adolescents' self-compassion from physiological, psychological, Wand social perspectives, and clarify the role of self-compassion in adolescents' mental health and the strategies for improving self-compassion for adolescents. Future research on adolescent self-compassion should focus more on internal feelings and physiological factors, pay attention to cultural differences, and purposefully investigate the developmental level of self-compassion and its influencing factors among adolescents of different ages and family types.

Gender based adolescent self-compassion profiles and the mediating role of nonattachment on psychological well-being

AbstractEmerging research has shown that boys and girls may relate to compassionate and uncompassionate components of self-compassion differently and have distinct gender based self-compassion profiles. This study extended upon recent research by investigating gender based adolescent self-compassion profiles and their relationship with psychological well-being and the role of nonattachment in the link between self-compassion and well-being. A large cross-sectional sample of Australian Year 10 high school students (N = 1,944, Mage = 15.65 years, SDage = 0.43; 50% girls) completed measures of self-compassion, nonattachment, and well-being. Latent profile analysis identified distinct self-compassion profiles based on gender. Four profiles labelled ‘Low Self-Relating’, ‘Moderate Self-Relating’, ‘Compassionate’, and ‘Uncompassionate’ emerged for girls. Three profiles emerged for boys labelled ‘Low Self-Relating’, ‘Moderate Self-Relating, and ‘Compassionate’. ‘Low’ and ‘Moderate Self-Relating’ profiles involved low and moderate levels of both compassionate and uncompassionate self-relating. ‘Compassionate’ profiles involved high levels of compassionate and low levels of uncompassionate self-relating, and ‘Uncompassionate’ profiles involved the opposite. For both genders, ‘Compassionate’ profiles were associated with the highest psychological well-being and nonattachment and ‘Uncompassionate’ profiles with the lowest of both. ‘Low’ and ‘Moderate Self-Relating’ profiles showed no difference in psychological well-being or nonattachment. Mediation analysis indicated that nonattachment partially mediated the relationship between self-compassion profile and psychological well-being. These findings support recent research that illustrates adolescents relate to the components of self-compassion differently both between and within genders. It also highlights the crucial role nonattachment plays in the relationship between self-compassion and psychological well-being in adolescents.

Maternal and paternal emotion socialization relates to adolescent self-compassion

Parent emotion socialization contributes to youth socioemotional adjustment and is an important consideration for prevention and intervention efforts. Extant research posits that parental emotion socialization influences youth mental health through child-level factors, such as how youth process and manage their emotions. Self-compassion is a protective factor for youth mental health, but the role of parents in youth self-compassion is unclear. Moreover, there is relatively limited research on maternal and paternal emotion socialization in adolescence. The present study examined associations of maternal and paternal emotion socialization with adolescent self-compassion. Adolescents (N = 165, 33% female, M = 14.56 years, SD = 1.34) and their parents completed questionnaires as part of an online survey. Parents’ validation and comfort responses to negative emotions were associated with higher adolescent self-compassion. Parents’ punishment and reciprocation of adolescents’ negative emotions were associated with lower adolescent self-compassion. Similar findings were present for mothers and fathers. Supporting parent-child communication about emotions may be relevant for youth exercising more self-compassion, providing important directions for prevention and intervention efforts.

Relationship between Anger, Emotional Intelligence and Self-Compassion in Adolescents

Bu araştırmada yedinci ve sekizinci sınıfa devam eden ortaokul öğrencilerinin sürekli öfke düzeyi ve öfke ifadetarzları ile duygusal zekâ ve öz duyarlılık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiler incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemi 339 kızve 285 erkek öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 624 öğrenciden oluşmuştur. Araştırma Ege bölgesindeki bir büyük şehirdeyer alan iki devlet okulunda yürütülmüştür. Veriler “Öfke İfade Tarzı Ölçeği”, “Bar-On Duygusal Zekâ Ölçeği Çocukve Ergen Formu” ve “Öz-Duyarlılık Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Araştırmadan elde edilen verilerin analizi SPSS 21 paketprogramıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada ergenlerin öz duyarlılık ve duygusal zekâ düzeyleri ile sürekli öfke,öfke-içte ve öfke-dışa değişkenleri arasında negatif; öfke-kontrol puan ortalamaları arasında pozitif yönde anlamlıilişkiler saptanmıştır.Regresyon analizi sonucunda, ergenlerin sürekli öfke, öfke-içte ve öfke dışa değişkenlerinin ilk adımda öz duyarlılık,ikinci adımda duygusal zekâ tarafından negatif yönde yordandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Öfke-kontrol değişkenininise ilk adımda öz duyarlılık, ikinci adımda duygusal zekâ tarafından pozitif yönde yordandığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.Elde edilen bulgular, literatürde daha önce yapılan araştırma sonuçları ile karşılaştırılmış ve benzerlik ile farklılıklarıtartışılmıştır.

A CROSS-CULTURAL INVESTIGATION OF SELF-COMPASSION IN ADOLESCENTS ACROSS GENDER

BackgroundSelf-compassion encourages one to accept oneself, reduce self-criticism and self-judgment, and see one’s shortcomings and setbacks in a balanced view. Adolescent self-compassion is a crucial protective factor against mental illness. It is, however, affected by gender. Given the scarcity of self-compassion scales for adolescents, the current study evaluates the Self-Compassion Scale for Youth (SCS-Y) in a large cross-cultural sample and investigates how the subscales of SCS-Y relate to the dimensions of depressive symptoms across gender.Subjects and MethodsThrough the internet-based Qualtrics, a total of 2881 teenagers aged 12 to 18 years were recruited from Hong Kong (HK), China, and the United Kingdom. A Multiple Indicator Multiple Cause (MIMIC) model was used to evaluate measurement invariance of the SCS-Y, and differential item functioning (DIF) was checked across gender. Upon the establishment of the best model, a multigroup structural equation model (SEM) was built between factors of SCS-Y and Multidimensional depression assessment scale (MDAS) which assesses four dimensions of depressive symptoms (emotional, cognitive, somatic and interpersonal).ResultsThe SCS-Y was shown to have good reliability and validity. The MIMIC model produced a good model fit for a hypothetical six-factor model (CFI = 0.980; TLI = 0.974; RMSEA = 0.038) and no item was flagged for DIF across gender. A gender difference was observed between SCS-Y factors and depression dimensions.ConclusionsThe SCS-Y exhibits good psychometric characteristics, including measurement invariance across gender. The study also highlights the gender difference between self-compassion factors and depression dimensions.AcknowledgementsSupported by a project grant from Hong Kong Metropolitan University Research and Development Scheme (PACRD/R6423).

HUBUNGAN WELAS ASIH DIRI DENGAN CITRA TUBUH PADA REMAJA DI SMA NEGERI 2 SEMARAPURA

Pressure on body image as a psychosocial problem that was often experienced by adolescents. Low or negative body image may caused a negative impact on adolescent's growth. Self-compassion is one of the factors that influence body image. Self-compassion can increase positive thinking about acceptance of appearance and positive thinking about oneself so that it is expected to form a high or positive body image in adolescents. This research aims to determine the relationship between self-compassion and body image in adolescents in SMA Negeri 2 Semarapura. The research method was used quantitative with a cross-sectional study design. Self-compassion data collection was analyzed by using the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) questionnaire and the body image was analyzed by using the Multidimensional Body Self Relational Questionnaire-Appearance Scale (MBSRQ-AS) questionnaire. The results of the univariate analysis showed that most adolescents has moderate self-compassion from 136 respondents (74.3%) and has a high body image from 106 respondents (57.9%). Data analysis was used Spearman Rank, it was found that there was a weak relationship with the direction of a significant positive relationship between self-compassion and body image of adolescents in SMA Negeri 2 Semarapura (p = 0.000; r = 0.325). Researchers recommend that schools and health workers be able to join, to create and support programs in reducing the psychological pressure of adolescents, especially in creating a positive body image through education on the importance of cultivating self-compassion in adolescents.

The effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy on Reducing Anxiety and Self-Compassion in Adolescents

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy on reducing anxiety and self-compassion in adolescents aged 14 to 19 years 2021. Methods: The method of the present study is quasi-experimental and a pre-test-post-test design with a control group has been used to collect data. The statistical population of the study consisted of all female students aged 14 to 19 years from Shahid Beheshti Girls' High School in Tehran among them, 30 people were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental group (15 people in each group) and control group (15 people). The experimental group Emotion-Focused Therapy underwent 8 sessions of 90 minutes and the control group remained on the waiting list. The instruments used in the present study included the Anxiety Inventory (Beck, 1996) and the Self-Compassion Questionnaire (Nef, 2003), which were used in two stages: pre-test and post-test. The analysis of the information obtained from the questionnaire was performed through spss24 software in two descriptive and inferential sections (analysis of covariance). Results: The results showed that emotion-oriented therapy decreased anxiety (F=21.02, P=0.001) and increased self-compassion (F=138.47, P=0.001) in the post-test phase and this effect in the phase the follow-up was stable. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, emotion- Focused therapy is an effective intervention in reducing anxiety and increasing self-compassion in students.

Moderator role of self-compassion in the relationship between borderline features and suicide ideation in adolescents

IntroductionBorderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is an impairing disorder with distinct features such as instability in self-image, relationships and affect. Considering the developmental nature of BPD, borderline features are not rarely exhibited in adolescence. These features tend to be associated with depression and suicide ideation, as well as with a negative self-to-self relationship. Self-compassion has been consistently identified as a positive attitude with oneself when experiencing suffering.ObjectivesThe aim of the current study was to explore the role of self-compassion in the relationship between borderline features and suicide ideation, when controlled depressive symptoms.MethodsSample was composed by 665 adolescents (58.5% females and 41.5% males), with a mean of 15.54 years of age (SD = 1.52), who completed self-report questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS (version 23) and PROCESS Macro.Resultsshowed that girls presented higher borderline features and suicide ideation and lower self-compassion compared to boys. The moderation model explained 66% of suicide ideation, with gender and depression as covariates. The interaction of borderline features and self-compassion had a unique and significant effect on suicide ideation, when controlled depression and gender. Adolescents with higher levels of borderline features and lower self-compassion presented significantly higher suicide ideation, compared to those with higher self-compassion.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that developing self-compassion in adolescents with evident borderline features might attenuate their tendency to think about committing suicide.

Exploring the relationship between self-compassion and body dysmorphic symptoms in adolescents

Current cognitive and behavioural models of body dysmorphic disorder aetiology highlight a possible role of deficits in self-compassion as a vulnerability factor. Yet, there has been little empirical research on the role of self-compassion in adolescents' body dysmorphic symptoms (BDS). In this study, we investigated the relationship between self-compassion and adolescents’ BDS, after accounting for two potentially overlapping self-related beliefs and attitudes, namely self-esteem and self-efficacy. The participants were 449 Australian secondary school students (60% female) aged 11–17 years (Mage = 13.69, SD = 1.50) who completed the Appearance Anxiety Inventory to assess BDS, the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (SCS-SF), and other measures. Principal components analysis supported a two-component solution of the SCS-SF, which were labelled negative sense of self, and self-focussed perspective taking. These two components converged with measures of self-esteem and self-efficacy. As hypothesised, adolescents with a higher levels of self-compassion (total score) had lower levels of BDS. Also, when considered alongside self-esteem and self-efficacy, the negative sense of self component of self-compassion was positively associated with BDS, but self-focussed perspective taking was not. Additional research is needed to consider how to capture the positive component of self-compassion and determine whether it has a protective role in BDS and impairment.

Is parents’ education level associated with adolescent self-compassion?

Self-compassion has been identified as a trait that correlates with robust mental health; specifically, less anxiety, depression and stress in both adolescents and adults. However, little is known about the parental and family factors that are associated with adolescent self-compassion that may promote or enhance the development of this stress-buffering trait. In this study, 1057 adolescents in grades 7–12 from two different school settings answered questions in an online survey that related to their parents’ education level and their own self-compassion. Results indicated that fathers’ education, but not mothers’, was associated with adolescent self-compassion. Specifically, adolescents whose fathers had a college education only had the highest level of self-compassion; a significant difference was found between self-compassion of adolescents of fathers’ with a college degree and those with a doctorate/professional degree. Adolescents whose fathers had less than a college education (some college, high school graduate) or more than a college education (masters or doctorate/professional degree) reported lower self-compassion. As parent education level may be a proxy for other factors such as socioeconomic status, parenting style, or parent-adolescent relationship closeness, further research is necessary that will measure these factors and parse out that which specifically is associated with self-compassion in adolescents.

Peer Acceptance and Nonsuicidal Self-injury among Chinese Adolescents: A Longitudinal Moderated Mediation Model.

Peer relationship plays an important role in non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). However, little is known about how and in what conditions peer relationship may influence NSSI. By integrating multiple theories (i.e., attachment theory, the emotional regulation model of self-compassion and NSSI, and the differential-susceptibility theory), the current study investigated two potential mediators (i.e., self-compassion and depressive symptoms) and one potential moderator (i.e., behavioral impulsivity) of the relation between peer acceptance and NSSI. Participants were 813 Chinese adolescents (43% female; Mage at Wave 1 = 13.15 years) from a two-wave longitudinal study with data spanning one year. The results revealed that the indirect pathways linking peer acceptance and NSSI were conditioned on the level of behavioral impulsivity. Specifically, for adolescents with lower levels of impulsivity, a higher level of peer acceptance was related to fewer depressive symptoms directly or indirectly through self-compassion; fewer depressive symptoms, in turn, were linked to fewer NSSI behaviors longitudinally. For adolescents with higher levels of behavioral impulsivity, peer acceptance was related to fewer NSSI behaviors only through self-compassion. Results indicate that increasing peer acceptance is important in reducing adolescent NSSI. Interventions designed to reduce adolescent NSSI may also be effective if they focus on promoting adolescent self-compassion, particularly for adolescents with higher levels of behavioral impulsivity.