When foraging optimally, mammalian herbivores should select food items that confer the greatest nutritional benefits (e.g., crude protein and non-structural carbohydrates) and impose minimal-to-no costs (e.g., plant secondary metabolites [PSMs]). PSMs, such as tannins, deter herbivores by providing post-ingestive feedback cues that the forager experiences after consumption, and are therefore difficult for herbivores to avoid altogether. However, some PSMs, such as terpenes, are also volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that become gaseous at ambient temperatures and can be detected by herbivores via scent prior to ingestion. Our objective was to discern if the foraging preferences of white-tailed deer, a near ubiquitous herbivore in North America, were influenced by the nutritional or anti-nutritional constituents of trees during summer and winter. We also examined VOCs emitted by trees during summer and tested for a potential relationship between VOC emissions and deer sniffing behavior or foraging preference. During summer, deer preferred trees with a high non-structural carbohydrate content. After sniffing trees that emitted a large proportion of terpenes, deer appeared to be averse to begin foraging. During winter, deer preferred trees with a low crude protein content and a high tannin content. When deer foraged from trees with high terpene contents, they consumed less than they did from low terpene trees. Our results show that white-tailed deer foraging behavior is influenced by plant nutritional constituents. Additionally, we suggest that differences in VOCs among tree species may provide deer with cues of plant quality that could play a role when selecting forage items.

IntroductionPregnant women with food insecurity experience high rates of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Food as medicine and grocery prescription (GPx) programs have been successful in increasing food access and managing chronic disease; however, they are often not implemented during pregnancy.MethodsThis was a pilot study of Fresh Funds for Moms, an online grocery prescription (GPx) program. Pregnant women between 20 and 28 weeks' gestation were purposefully recruited from one large hospital system in an urban community in Kentucky. Eligibility included: positive screening for food insecurity; diagnosis of either GDM, type 2 diabetes, or hypertension; and live in a zip code with online grocery service delivery access. Women received $200 per month for 12 weeks (total of $600) for healthy food purchases on an online grocery platform.ResultsA total of 1,163 women were initially screened; 20 women were referred to participate in the program and 14 completed the program. On average, women redeemed 96.1% of their grocery benefit throughout the pilot GPx program. Fruit and vegetable purchases increased 4% from months one to three (27%–31%), while the percentage of funds spent on meat food items decreased from 31% to 22% by the third month, and percentage spent on pantry items remained consistent month-to-month (4%). Qualitative findings highlight overall satisfaction, however, participants reported some transactional confusion when redeeming their funds on the online grocery platform and a desire for more variety when selecting food items for delivery. Blood glucose and blood pressure improved slightly, however no clinically meaningful changes in HgbA1c were observed.DiscussionThis pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of implementing a GPx program in collaboration with clinical, research, and industry partners as a food as medicine intervention. Online GPx programs have the potential for improving healthy shopping habits among pregnant women. However, to improve screening, referral, and enrollment, a larger system approach is needed to meet patients' needs, warranting further investigation in larger, adequately powered studies.

This study investigated impact of petroleum products pump price on essential food commodities in South-West, Nigeria between 2017 and 2022, covering Ekiti, Lagos, Ondo, Ogun, Osun and Oyo States. Data on prices of rice and beans, diesel, petrol, and kerosene prices, price of imports and consumer price index, were collated from National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) fact sheet and Global data laboratory. Two regression models were estimated in the study. Findings show that automotive gas oil price caused the price of beans in Osun and Oyo to increase; Petroleum Pump price significantly contributed to the increasing price of beans in Ekiti State; Consumer Price Index and goods import significantly caused the price of beans to increase across the six states. Results of the second model indicate that automotive gas oil price has negative impact on the price of rice in Ondo State; petroleum pump pricehas positive and significant influence on it in Ekiti and Lagos; the price of kerosene played positive and significant role on the price of rice in Lagos, Ondo and Osun; consumer price index significantly impact on the price of rice in the region. The study recommended government to make implementation of adequate policies aimed at stabilizing petroleum pump prices a priority to mitigate the impact on essential raw food items. Also, prices of food items will respond to lower consumer price index when the rate of inflation is kept low and in control by the government.

This present study was aimed at processing four ethnic vegetable foods in laboratory condition and enumeration of bacterial population dynamics in terms of CFU/g counts along with characterization of bacterial isolates. CFU/g was enumerated daywise from these foods. The isolated bacteria were characterized biochemically and with nucleotide analysis. The study includes two fermented foods namely melye amiley and midukeye, muya rukjak as boiled bamboo shoot and one sun dried vegetable, mulai kwran. The selected food items generally take one to three days of fermentation and processing prior to consumption. The study of the bacterial population during the tenure of fermentation revealed that in melye amiley and midukeye were maximum (7.45 and 8.77 log CFU/g, respectively) in the second day of fermentation and then declined (6.58 and 7.81 log CFU/g, respectively) in the third day. The six isolates belonging to two genera of bacteria were identified from four ethnic foods. Out of the six bacterial isolates of ethnic foods, two from each midukeye and mulai kwran whereas one each from melye amiley and muya rukjak were isolated. This study highlights information regarding bacterial loads associated with the food items.

The aim of this study was to assess whether and to what extent the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affected the lifestyle and body weight of military flying personnel. The study involved 930 Polish soldiers - members of aircrew. The study was conducted by using a survey designed by the author, as part of the implementation of the National Health Programme 2021-2025. The survey used the research technique computer assisted web interview. Approximately half of the soldiers surveyed (49%) declared that they did not contract COVID-19. Analysis of the results on the frequency of consumption of selected food items showed that most food items respondents consumed at similar levels during the pandemic, compared to the pre-pandemic period. There was a positive increase in the frequency of consumption of nuts, fresh fruit and vegetables in 14.8%, 15.9% and 19% of respondents, respectively. More than 20% of those surveyed declared that they consumed less restaurant meals, fast food, sweets and sugary drinks. The vast majority of the respondents (77.6%) answered that they did not feel more negative emotions compared to the pre-pandemic period COVID-19 and emotions did not affect their diet. The frequency of physical activity remained the same for 71.9% of soldiers, while 14.9% respondents said they played sport less often than before the pandemic. Overweight was diagnosed in 50.2% of respondents, while 12.8% were obese. More than half of the respondents (56%) declared that their weight had not changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, 25.1% declared that their weight had increased and 8.9% that it had decreased. The COVID-19 pandemic condition did not disrupt the existing lifestyles of most military flying personnel. More than half of the military flying personnel surveyed reported no effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight change. A quarter of soldiers reported weight gain, which was associated with negative changes in diet and physical activity. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2025;76(2):101-121.

Abstract Adaptations in the head structures of fishes can influence food item selection and consumption in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we tested the relationship between the morphology of the bony structure of the head (suspensorium, mandibular, hyoid, and branchial arches) and the consumption of food items in Loricariinae species. We hypothesize that osteological specializations in the head structures (i.e., mouth) can lead to differential consumption of resources. Despite the relatively high trophic similarity, food item consumption was not uniform among Loricariinae species. The phylogenetic reconstruction recovered morphological patterns already expected for Loricariinae, such as the sister taxa Hemiodontichthys and Reganella. Phylogenetic characters associated with shape, width, and structures in the suspensorium, and branchial arches were correlated with differences in detritus, sediment, and invertebrates consumption. Specifically, branchial arches characters were associated with the consumption of aquatic and terrestrial invertebrates, while suspensorium characters were linked to the consumption of sediment, superior plants, detritus, and aquatic invertebrates. These findings suggest that trophic specialization in loricariines is strongly influenced by the morphological differentiation of these structural features.

Increasing livestock densities and more severe drought events challenge sustainable management in South Africa’s semi-arid savannas. Effective mitigation strategies require accurate assessments of livestock foraging behaviour. By utilising high-throughput sequencing technology, this study evaluated the use of a dual-locus metabarcoding approach (trnL and rbcL) together with study-area-specific reference libraries, to analyse cattle diets in two bioregions of the eastern semi-arid South African savanna. Both markers demonstrated the ability to identify various plant families, but trnL exhibited a higher diversity in terms of family and genus identification at both sampling sites. Forbs, although comprising a diverse component of savanna plant communities, have relatively small above-ground biomass, but can still serve as crucial forage items, especially during dry periods. Our study underscores the significant role of forbs in cattle diets, demonstrating a shift in cattle foraging preferences from grass-based diets to higher inclusions of forbs and woody taxa during the drier season. Although grasses, such as Setaria, were still prevalent, forbs, belonging to the genera Malvastrum, Asparagus, Pollichia and Ipomoea were also important food items for cattle as well as woody taxa belonging to Fabaceae, Combretaceae, Ebenaceae, and Malvaceae with a selection of food items from trees and shrubs from genera Albizia, Combretum, Euclea and Vachellia. Furthermore, our study highlights the value of a dual-locus metabarcoding approach for understanding herbivorous diets. Using trnL and rbcL markers, with study-area-specific reference libraries, improves taxonomic resolution for accurately reconstructing cattle diets in semi-arid savannas. This study may improve biodiversity estimates and inform sustainable rangeland management strategies in semi-arid African savanna ecosystems.

Pulegone is a monoterpene ketone found in a variety of mint species. It has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). In previous studies, pulegone in food was analyzed exclusively via GC-MS, while 1H NMR methods were limited to essential oils. The aim of this study was to develop an NMR method for the detection and quantification of pulegone in essential oils and foods. A mixture of methanol-d4/chloroform-d1 in a 1:1 ratio (v/v) was identified as the most effective solvent for separating pulegone signals. The essential oils were subjected to analysis at this solvent-mixture ratio. The extraction of pulegone was required for food analysis, and the steam distillation method proved to be more effective than the ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. The highest pulegone concentrations were identified in pennyroyal oil and muña oil, whereas lower levels were observed in other matrices, including corn mint oil and select food items. A toxicological assessment showed that the amount consumed did not exert any adverse effects on human health.

The aim of this study was to assess the quality of diets among midwives working in a shift system and to analyze variations in their dietary habits according to their working hours. In a group of fifty midwives employed in four public hospitals in Wrocław, the HDI-2015, HEI-2015, AHEI-2010, and Mellen's DASH diet index were calculated. The significance of differences in terms of the prevalence of selected dietary habits, meal frequency, average content of selected food items, and the percentage of energy obtained from them was assessed. Over half of the diets of the participants exhibited low adherence to the selected dietary indices. Only the scores on Mellen's DASH diet index were significantly associated with other components of the diet. Diets scoring ≥ 4.5 points were characterized by significantly lower processed meat content, meal frequency, and energy value, as well as lower sugar content and lower dietary energy value, compared to diets scoring < 4.5 points. Regardless of their working hours, the diets of midwives are characterized by low quality. Therefore, it appears essential to introduce targeted educational programs and provide guidance on appropriate dietary models, such as the DASH diet.

Modeling Retail Price Volatility of Selected Food Items in Cross River State, Nigeria Using GARCH Models

ABSTRACT Background Restaurant-based interventions are a promising strategy to improve community food environments and customer food choices. Purpose Describe the extent to which a restaurant-based program, Ochsner Eat Fit (EF), may influence healthier food choices, and identify factors associated with EF food item selection. Methods Cross-sectional intercept surveys with 608 customers in 34 EF restaurants. Results Of 608 respondents, 17.3% ordered an EF item. Of 307 respondents familiar with EF, 89.6% believed EF can help them make healthier food choices. Respondents who agreed the restaurant environment supported healthy choices were 3.4 times more likely to order EF than those who did not agree (95%CI:1.5–7.7, p = .003); African American respondents were 2.1 times more likely than White respondents (95%CI:1.1–3.7, p = .017); and customers trying to make dietary changes were 4 times more likely than those who were not (95%CI:1.2–13.1, p = .024). Discussion Customers believed EF can positively influence food choices. Race, desire to make dietary changes, beliefs about healthy foods, and perceptions of the restaurant environment were associated with food choices. Future programming efforts should consider increasing the number and promotion of healthy options to support healthy decision-making. Translation to Health Education Practice Findings can be used to inform the development of restaurant-based healthy eating programs.

Method verification is one of the steps required to ensure that all methods used meet the standards required for data reliability and accuracy in a laboratory that implements Good Laboratory Practices (GLP). In accordance with ISO 16140-3:2021, the method verification for microbiology testing implemented by calculating the Intralaboratory Reproducibility Standard Deviation (SIR) for implementation verification and eBias value for food item verification. Method verification for enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in food products using ISO 16140-3 has never been carried out at the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (FDA) laboratories. Therefore, verification of this method needs to be performed. This study aimed to verify the ISO 21528-2:2017 as reference method for enumeration of Enterobacteriaceae in food products by colony count technique. The selected food item for implementation verification was pasteurized milk while for food item verification, the selected food items were yogurt, traditional preserved egg (telur pindang), sweet and hard candy, seasoning dry powder, worcester sauce and cassava chips. All of selected foods were artificially contaminated with Escherichia coli WDCM 00012. The SIR value obtained was 0.12 ≤ 2× 0,18 (lowest mean value of SR from ISO 21528-2:2017), indicating that the acceptability limit for the implementation verification was met. While the eBias value for all selected food item were less than 0,5 log10, thus the verification study in the National Quality Contol Laboratory of Drug and Food (NQCLDF), Indonesian FDA, meets the acceptance criteria defined in the standard ISO 16140-3:2021.

Animals must often choose between different quantities of objects in their environment, from food items to conspecifics. Yet we know little about how quantitative cognitive abilities compare across different types of objects. Previous research shows individuals use both the numerical difference (large − small) and numerical ratio (small/large) between two quantities to choose between them. This study investigated whether numerical difference and ratio predict preferences for quantities of food items and conspecifics in pinyon jays (Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus) using quantity preference tasks. In two replications of the food experiment (N = 12), pinyon jays chose larger quantities of mealworms more when numerical differences were large and numerical ratios were small. However, numerical difference did not influence food choice independently of ratio. In two replications of the social experiment (N = 20), when choosing between groups of conspecifics, pinyon jays did not prefer the larger over smaller group sizes and did not show numerical difference or ratio effects. Therefore, pinyon jays may use quantity information differently when deciding between quantities of food items and conspecifics. Whereas quantity was important for selecting food items, additional factors such as individual identity may be more important for selecting social groups to join. Thus, the type of objects offered can influence how animals use quantity information to choose among quantities.

Background: Food security has always been emphasized as a primary goal of sustainable development policies. Events, such as the COVID-19 outbreak, climate change, wars, and unjust (cruel) sanctions against countries threaten global food security. Therefore, considering the importance of nutrition and food consumption in budget planning and household shopping, we indirectly examined the cost of providing an optimal food basket for the Iranian community, in total and by separating its components based on the average price of selected food items in urban areas from year 1399-1401 in the Solar Hijri calendar (2020 to 2022). Methods: In this cross-sectional costing study, the country’s desired food basket was used as a reference for cost measurement of an acceptable food basket, and information on food prices and household expenses was obtained from the Statistical Center of Iran and the Central Bank. The cost of providing an optimal food basket for the Iranian community, in total and for each component, was calculated for an individual and a family of four. After extracting the cost information of providing an optimal food basket in these three years, the data were compared and analyzed to study the trend. Results: Based on the costs of providing an optimal household basket, the average food cost for a family of four in 1399 (2020- 2021) was about 3.2 million Tomans, which increased by 27% to 4.365 million Tomans in 1400 (2021-2022), and in 1401 (October 2022), it reached 6.785 million Tomans, a 35% increase compared to 1400 (2021-2022). Conclusion: It is suggested to support vulnerable groups and target subsidies according to different income levels. The salaries and wages should be revised in line with inflation food prices and household expenses, and also policymakers and planners are suggested to monitor the prices.

This study focuses on identifying adulterants present in items such as food, fuels, chemicals and cosmetics, known for degrading their overall quality. The escalating concern over food adulteration prompted this research, emphasizing the detection of adulterants in daily consumables. The detrimental effects of food adulteration are profound, leading to health issues such as cancers (colon and peptic ulcer diseases), chronic liver diseases, electrolyte imbalance, kidney failure, heart diseases, blood disorders, and bone marrow abnormalities. The primary objective of this research is to ensure the quality of commonly consumed food items by detecting potential adulterants. Numerous rapid detection techniques have been developed to address this problem, including the implementation of quick and straightforward DART methods (Detect Adulterant Rapid Test). In this study, we applied various DART and DIY methods to test selected food items like milk, turmeric powder, and chilli powder. Each sample underwent testing with specific chemical reagents to determine the presence of adulterants. Post-tests, the samples were analyzed for observable changes, and conclusions were drawn regarding the presence or absence of adulterants in each tested item.

Annual killifishes have active and voracious rates in acquisition of food resources with display of behaviors that allow them to maintain high metabolic rates to deal with the harsh and unpredictable conditions prevalent in temporary pools where they inhabit. The objective of this research was to describe histologically and ultrastructurally, the digestive system of the annual killifish Millerichthys robustus to identify morphological traits related to its annual life history and digestive physiology. Also, we quantify food items along the intestine as a proxy for rates of digestion. Millerichthys has a short digestive system, associated with a carnivorous diet, with no evidence of a stomach. Instead, the presence of pharyngeal jaws with caniform teeth was documented, related to the breakdown of invertebrate exoskeletons, allowing prey fluids to be tasted by taste corpuscles related to selection of food items, and that digestive enzymes penetrate once in the intestine. The histological morphology of the intestine showed four different regions, associated with its digestive rates: (i) reception of food from the esophagus with intact pray; (ii) digestion with enzymes from the pancreas and liver/gallbladder of simple exoskeleton prey (Entognatha), and beginning of absorption; (iii) absorption of nutrients, and digestion of large-complex exoskeleton prey (Hexanauplia, Brachiopoda, and Ostracoda); and (iv) probable absorption of intact macromolecules. The second region of the intestine presented two anatomical loops and the highest thickness that may be related to reducing the speed of food transit, allowing for more efficient digestion given the large amount of food ingested by this species.

The human gut epithelium presents a crucial interface between ingested food items and the host. Understanding how different food items influence oxidative stress and inflammation in the gut is of great importance. This study assessed the impact of various digested food items on oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA/RNA damage in human gut epithelial cells. Differentiated Caco-2 cells were exposed to food items and their combinations (n = 22) selected from a previous study, including sausage, white chocolate, soda, coffee, orange juice, and curcumin. Following stimulation with TNF-α/IFN-1β/LPS and H2O2 for 4 h, the cells were exposed to digested food items or appropriate controls (empty digesta and medium) for a further 16 h. Cell viability, antioxidant capacity (ABTS, FRAP), IL-6, IL-8, F2-isoprostanes, lipid peroxidation (MDA), and DNA/RNA oxidative damage were assessed (3 independent triplicates). The ABTS assay revealed that cells treated with "white chocolate" and "sausage + coffee" exhibited significantly reduced antioxidant capacity compared to stimulated control cells (ABTS = 52.3%, 54.8%, respectively, p < 0.05). Similar results were observed for FRAP (sausage = 34.9%; white chocolate + sausage = 35.1%). IL-6 levels increased in cells treated with "white chocolate + sausage" digesta (by 101%, p < 0.05). Moreover, MDA levels were significantly elevated in cells treated with digested "sausage" or sausage in combination with other food items. DNA/RNA oxidative damage was found to be higher in digesta containing sausage or white chocolate (up to 550%, p < 0.05) compared to stimulated control cells. This investigation provides insights into how different food items may affect gut health and underscores the complex interplay between food components and the epithelium at this critical interface of absorption.

Abstract Background Emulsifiers are associated with intestinal inflammation and therefore excluded in new dietary strategies in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, and adherence of an emulsifier-free diet (EFD) in healthy volunteers as part of the FOod Additives on the Mucosal barrier (FOAM) study. Methods We recruited 60 healthy volunteers to a 7-week interventional trial. After 1 baseline week of their habitual diet, participants followed an EFD for 6 weeks. Participants were instructed on how to follow an EFD yet were not advised on ultra-processed food (UPF) reduction. Every 2 weeks after starting the EFD (week 2, 4, and 6), subjects were asked about their experience on a 12-item questionnaire, including 5-point Likert scales, open-ended and multiple answer-type questions. Food logs were kept in the smartphone application 'Fatsecret', including photographs to capture brand names. Manual calculation of all days with plausible energy intakes (800-4200 kcals per day for men and 600-3500 kcals for women) for at least 79.5% of the time was performed to exclude incomplete reporting. Emulsifier intake was measured as number of servings of emulsifier-containing foods. Adherence rate was calculated as a percentage of mistake-free days. Results Of the 60 healthy volunteers, 2 were excluded due to NSAID use. Median (IQR) age was 25.5 years (23.0-33.0), median BMI was 22.7 kg/m2 (21.2-25.6) and 19.0% were male. Median percentage of plausible food logs was 100% (98.0-100%), and 1 subject was excluded due to inadequate dietary reporting. During the EFD, emulsifier intake significantly decreased (baseline vs week 1; p=2.3x10-9, vs week 6; p=5.3x10-9, Figure 1A), as well as UPF consumption according to the NOVA classification (baseline vs week 1; p=5.6x10-7, vs week 6; p=1.6x10-7, Friedman test with post-hoc paired Wilcoxon, Figure 1B). The adherence rate to the EFD was very high (median 88.1%, IQR 76.2-95.2%). Median number of mistakes during the EFD was 6 (2-14), for a median number of 3 selected food items (1-5). Most mistakes were made in the categories of dairy-like products, meat products, and bakery goods. The top 3 reported challenges included restricted food choices, checking food labels, and longer shopping times (Table 1). At week 6, For 70.7% the EFD was tasty to very tasty and for 72.4% it was acceptable to very acceptable. Hot meals and snacks were the most challenging meal types. Conclusion In this 7-week interventional trial in 60 healthy volunteers, adhering to an EFD was feasible and acceptable. While following the EFD, an inadvertent and stable decrease in UPF intake was noted. These finding represent important considerations when designing future dietary trials in IBD.

Reading nutrition facts labels is a competency for which training is given in several nutrition education programs, especially in obesity outreach workshops. The Top Trumps-style card game is commonly used in obesity prevention educational programs to engage participants in reading nutrition facts labels; however, the success of TV cooking shows among children and teenagers has not been explored for educational purposes. This paper is a descriptive study of developing a gamified activity as part of the one-time outreach workshop facilitated by the Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC) in Brazil. By playing the MestreChef Nutritional (MCN) game, participants followed similar rules as the corresponding TV cooking show. They were challenged to decide to select food items, calculate dietary food intake, and prepare a recipe to visualize the proportion of macronutrients contained in daily diets. The analysis of the nutritional dietary table completed by participants revealed to be a rich source of information, and we identified in our cohort that selecting an adequate number of food items and making healthy food choices was not concerning. However, their lack of competency in performing mathematical reasoning, particularly in calculating serving sizes and converting grams of macronutrients into calories, was evident. Moreover, facilitators of the workshops agreed that the MCN game presents definitively more didactic effectiveness and playability than the Foods Top Trumps, a former game used in the outreach workshops. The MCN game nourishes the engagement of the participants in learning nutrition-related concepts and may be an efficient didactic resource to improve nutrition knowledge in outreach activities when an alternative method is required to stimulate reading nutrition facts labels.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Reading nutrition facts labels is a typical activity promoted in obesity prevention educational programs. By playing the MestreChef Nutritional, participants can immerse in the context of a food TV show game to have the first contact with reading nutrition facts labels for a learning purpose. However, the game can reveal the participant's limitations in mathematical reasoning despite the didactic potential of the game in promoting obesity-related physiology concepts.

Abstract: The Dine-Out Cafeteria Web Application is an online platform designed to streamline ordering and payment processes in cafeteria-style restaurants. It offers a user-friendly interface for menu browsing, order tracking, user authentication, online payment integration, and feedback collection. The application uses modern web technologies to revolutionize customer interactions, making the dining experience more convenient and efficient. The Dine-Out Cafeteria Web Application aims to simplify the ordering process for customers by providing an intuitive interface and streamlined navigation. It offers a comprehensive selection of food items, detailed descriptions, pricing information, and customizable options to cater to individual preferences and dietary restrictions. The application’s clear and organized menus enhance user satisfaction and encourage repeat patronage. It also incorporates robust order management capabilities, providing real-time updates on order status, including receipt confirmation, estimated preparation time, and pickup notifications. This transparency reduces wait times, minimizes errors, and fosters trust in the dining experience. IndexTerms – HTML, CSS, AngularJs, NodeJs, Bootstrap, MySQL