Segment Circumferences Research Articles

Management Of Physiotherapy Programs In Skin Flap For Thumb : Case Report

Skin flap is a skin graft procedure that will repair damaged skin by removing the soft tissue underneath. Objective: to determine Physiotherapy management in the form of giving electro therapy (ultrasound and Infrared) and exercise. Methods: The research method includes a "case report" case study conducted on 1 male patient with a diagnosis of Stiffness wrist digiti 1-5 manus dextra hand function disorders, ec. Amputation of fingers manus dextra post flap). The measuring instruments used are using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) for pain scale, Wrist Hand Disability Index (WHDI) to measure functional activity ability, Gonimeter to measure joint motion scope, Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) to measure muscle strength, mitline to measure odema segment circumference. Results: After 3 times of therapy, the patient's assessment results were obtained, namely a significant change in the level of joint scope of motion, muscle strength, skin integrity, motion pain in the wrist and fingers of the right hand, and functional ability. Conclusion: This case study shows that the administration of electrotepsy and exercises in the case of Skin Flap of the thumb of the hand, proved to be effective.

Physiotherapy Management In Reducing Hamstring Muscle Contracture Post Debridement: A Case Study

Contracture is a shortening of the musculotendinous tissue that surrounds or is around a joint and creates significant resistance to passive or active stretching as well as limitations in the range of motion of the joint which can interfere with functional ability. This study aims to find out and explain the physiotherapy management in cases of hamstring muscle contracture et cause post surgical debridement. This research method uses a case study method with 1 respondent involved in this study. Providing interventions in the form of Ultrasound, Infrared, Electrical Stimulation, Hold Relax Stretching and ROM, strengthening exercises and Gait Training in 5 meetings during therapy. The research instruments used by researchers were Range of motion, Manual Muscle Testing, Barthel Index, Limb Length Examination, Upper Limb Segment Circumference, and Trendelenburg Test. As a result of providing physiotherapy intervention, the patient experienced an increase in ROM in knee extension and hip extension movements by 5° each.

Manajemen Fisioterapi Pada Atlet Dengan Osgood-Schlatter’s Disease – Sebuah Studi Kasus

Background: Osgood-Schlatter (OSD) Including the most common injuries that occur during productive age, this condition occurs due to inflammation of the patellar tendon insertion at the tuberosity of the tibia. Osgood Schlatter usually occurs in children and adolescents who are active in sports, usually occurs in male adolescents aged 13-14 years and female adolescents aged 10-11 years. Purpose: Reducing pain in the right knee, reducing edema, maintaining muscle strength and increasing muscle mass M.Quadriceps, M.Hamstrings, M.Gastrocnemius, M.Gluteus, M.Adductor hip, M.Pectineus, M.Adductor longus, M. Adductor brevis, M. Adductor magnus, M. Gracilis. evaluated with 8 items sport scale. Methods: This study involved boys aged 12 years who experienced Osgood-schlatter. The exercise program was carried out for 3 weeks. Results: In this study, patients were followed up every week. The patient underwent physiotherapy sessions for 3 weeks. Patients are given measurements for muscle strength, increase in LGS, changes in segment circumference, and are obtained from the patient's ADL. Conclusion: In this study it can be concluded that after being given intervention for 3 weeks there were still no changes in Pain Level, Muscle Strength Level, Range of Joint Motion, Segment Circumference and Activity Daily Living in patients with the Osgood- Schalatter condition.

Risk factors of reoperative post anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Background: ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is a surgical procedure to graft the ACL using tendon tissue to restore joint fixation and stabilization functions. Rehabilitation management is performed by physiotherapy in ACLR phase III patients to increase strength, balance, and functional motion control of patients with rehabilitation and exercise adaptation interventions. Case Description: On June 09, 2022, the patient was playing basketball, when the patient heard his leg "pop" due to sudden stopping and turning movements while playing basketball. The patient took the initiative to go to the hospital because his leg was painful and was advised to do an MRI, the results of the MRI examination stated that the patient had an ACL and Meniscus rupture. The patient has undergone ACL reconstruction surgery and partial lateral meniscectomy on July 20, 2022, the patient has been doing physiotherapy since the first postoperative day until now entering the 10th week, the patient still feels something is stuck in the knee, and feels that left leg is stiff and weak when moved. Conclusion: There is an increase in ROM measurement results, muscle strength, segment circumference, hamstring and trunk flexibility, functional knee, and decreased pain scale. It is hoped that this case can be used as a reference for providing exercise interventions in patients with ACL postoperative conditions, especially phase III with other comorbidities.

Abstract P637: Blood Pressure Stability Has a Closer Relationship With Atherosclerosis Burden of Carotid Sinuses Than Atherosclerosis Burden of Aortic Arch

Background: Instable blood pressure (BP) increased vascular risk independently of high BP level, which might be partially attributed to impaired arterial baroreflex. The receptors of baroreflex mainly distributed at carotid sinuses and aortic arch, where atherosclerosis (AS) is common in patients with ischemic stroke (IS) and potentially blunts the baroreflex. We aimed to test whether AS conditions of carotid sinuses and aortic arch would equally indicate BP instability in IS patients. Methods: The daytime and nighttime standard derivations (SDs) of systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were recorded by ambulatory BP monitoring on the sixth day after IS to measure BP stability (higher SD indicates less stability). Using computed tomography angiography, AS conditions of carotid sinuses (6 segments) and aortic arch (4 segments) were scored based on AS percentage of each segment circumference (0, none; 1, <25%; 2, 25%~49%; 3, 50%~74%; 4, ≥75%) and summed into “carotid sinuses AS burden (CSAB)” and “aortic arch AS burden (AAAB)”. AS conditions of cervicocephalic arteries were also scored. Results: Of the 245 patients with IS, 65.7% had carotid sinuses AS and 69.4% had aortic arch AS. Daytime SBP SD was positively correlated with CSAB ( r =0.230; P <0.001) rather than AAAB ( P =0.103). Patients with CSAB above the median had significantly higher daytime SBP SD than those with less CSAB (median 14 mmHg vs. 12 mmHg, P =0.001). CSAB remained related to ln- transformed daytime SBP SD after adjusting for age, sex, vascular risk factors, weighted 24-hour means of SBP and DBP, and cervicocephalic AS score (adjusted B =0.012; 95% CI, 0.004-0.020). In contrast, DBP SD and nighttime SBP SD had no statistically significant association with both CSAB and AAAB. Conclusions: Higher CSAB was independently associated with SBP instability during the daytime, while AAAB was less relevant to BP stability. Compared with AAAB, evaluating CSAB might be more important in the prediction of BP instability.

Microsurgery for management of primary and secondary lymphedema

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) in patients with lymphedema. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 70 patients suffering from primary or secondary lymphedema who underwent LVA surgery with indocyanine green fluorescence lymphangiography. Postoperative evaluation included qualitative and quantitative volumetric assessment and analysis. Limb volume was measured by circumferential tape measurement volumetric method, in which the limb is subdivided into five segments and each segment's circumference is measured. ResultsLVA was performed in 70 patients, 22 with primary lymphedema and 48 with secondary lymphedema. The difference in preoperative upper limb volume was 35% with mean postoperative follow-up of 9 months. The mean number of lymphovenous bypasses was 3.9. The reduction in limb volume at 3, 6, and 12 months was 40.4%, 41%, and 45%, respectively. Patients with early-stage lymphedema had significantly higher volume reductions than patients with late-stage lymphedema at 3, 6, and 12 months (48% vs 18%, 49% vs 22%, and 65% vs 31%; P < .001). For lower extremity lymphedema, the preoperative volume differential was 25.5%. The mean postoperative follow-up was 9 months. The reduction in limb volume at 3, 6, and 12 months was 28%, 37%, and 39%, respectively. ConclusionsLVA surgery is a safe and effective method of reducing lymphedema severity, especially in upper extremity lymphedema at an earlier disease stage.

Correlations of cardiointervalographic indicators with constitutional characteristics in athletes of mesomorphic somatotype

The topic of sports, physical fitness and adaptive abilities of a person to the influence of physical activity of different intensity has become highly relevant in recent years. The aim of the work is to establish correlations between the indicators of heart rate variability and parameters of the external structure of the body in young athletes of mesomorphic somatotype. The study involved 29 athletes between the ages of 17 and 21 with a high level of sportsmanship and more than 3 years of experience. All athletes had a track and field athletic load with maximum (100 m, 200 m and 110 m hurdles) and submaximal (running on 400 m and 800 m) work intensity. We conducted a study of heart rate variability on the cardiac computer diagnostic complex “OPTW” following the recommendations of the European and North American Cardiac Association (1996). Variable heart rate, statistical and spectral cardiointervalographic indices were determined. Anthropometry was performed by the Bunak method (1941), somatotypological study – by the calculated modification of the Heath-Carter method (1990), determination of the component composition of body weight by the method of Matejko (1921). In the package “STATISTICA 5.5” correlation analysis was performed using the nonparametric Spearman statistical method. Cardiointervalographic findings were found to be statistically significantly correlated with a small number of body sizes and somatotype components and body weights in adolescent athletes belonging to the mesomorphic somatotype. Indicators of variational heart rate did not have numerous reliable and unreliable relationships of average strength with somatic parameters. The data of correlation analysis of indices of variational pulsometry showed that in athletes with increase in width and thickness of the torso and decrease in the circumference of the shin and chest was more pronounced sympathicotonia, and with the reduction of fat component increased the influence on the heart of the parasympathetic system. Statistical indicators of heart rate variability with constitutional parameters had significant inverse correlations of mean power. Among all statistical indicators of heart rate variability, the PNN50 had the strongest and most significant correlations with anthropometric dimensions. The least significant correlations with constitutional characteristics in mesomorphic athletes had spectral indices related to skin-fat thickness, trunk diameters, and lower limb segment circumferences.

Humans, geometric similarity and the Froude number: is ‘‘reasonably close’’ really close enough?

SummaryUnderstanding locomotor energetics is imperative, because energy expended during locomotion, a requisite feature of primate subsistence, is lost to reproduction. Although metabolic energy expenditure can only be measured in extant species, using the equations of motion to calculate mechanical energy expenditure offers unlimited opportunities to explore energy expenditure, particularly in extinct species on which empirical experimentation is impossible. Variability, either within or between groups, can manifest as changes in size and/or shape. Isometric scaling (or geometric similarity) requires that all dimensions change equally among all individuals, a condition that will not be met in naturally developing populations. The Froude number (Fr), with lower limb (or hindlimb) length as the characteristic length, has been used to compensate for differences in size, but does not account for differences in shape.To determine whether or not shape matters at the intraspecific level, we used a mechanical model that had properties that mimic human variation in shape. We varied crural index and limb segment circumferences (and consequently, mass and inertial parameters) among nine populations that included 19 individuals that were of different size. Our goal in the current work is to understand whether shape variation changes mechanical energy sufficiently enough to make shape a critical factor in mechanical and metabolic energy assessments.Our results reaffirm that size does not affect mass-specific mechanical cost of transport (Alexander and Jayes, 1983) among geometrically similar individuals walking at equal Fr. The known shape differences among modern humans, however, produce sufficiently large differences in internal and external work to account for much of the observed variation in metabolic energy expenditure, if mechanical energy is correlated with metabolic energy. Any species or other group that exhibits shape differences should be affected similarly to that which we establish for humans. Unfortunately, we currently do not have a simple method to control or adjust for size–shape differences in individuals that are not geometrically similar, although musculoskeletal modeling is a viable, and promising, alternative. In mouse-to-elephant comparisons, size differences could represent the largest source of morphological variation, and isometric scaling factors such as Fr can compensate for much of the variability. Within species, however, shape differences may dominate morphological variation and Fr is not designed to compensate for shape differences. In other words, those shape differences that are “reasonably close” at the mouse-to-elephant level may become grossly different for within-species energetic comparisons.

Monitoring Lower Leg Blood Flow during Sequential Contrast Therapy Treatments using a Simulated Injury Model

Contrast therapy is frequently used to minimize barriers to the normal inflammatory process, but little evidence-based data exists examining the efficacy of this clinical intervention. PURPOSE: Using a simulated injury model (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness - DOMS), we examined blood flow in the lower leg during warm, cold, contrast, and control (none) treatments. METHODS: Twenty-five female and 15 male volunteers were randomly assigned to the treatment groups (10 per group). Session I was used to determine baseline blood flow, left calf dorsiflexion ROM and pain, blood levels of creatine kinase, and to induce DOMS (calf-raising exercise). Session II involved applying one of the four treatment conditions, during which lower leg blood flow was monitored using strain gauge plethysmography. The percent change in local blood flow (rate of change of limb segment circumference) during each 5-second sampling period served as the dependent variable. The percent change was measured every 15 seconds comparing baseline with each of the measurements in the 3 minute "on-time" phase. RESULTS: Confirming muscle damage, creatine kinase levels were higher post-DOMS, post-DOMS ROM was significantly less than pre-DOMS ROM, and universal pain assessment measures were worse at both 24 and 48 hr. post-DOMS. The ANOVA revealed a significant group x time interaction [F (192, 2304) = 1.227, P =.022]. Blood flow was higher overall in the contrast group as compared to the cold and control groups; while greater fluctuations in blood flow occurred during the time points between transitions from hot to cold and from cold to hot in the contrast group. As expected the warm group had a significantly higher percent change in blood flow as compared to both the cold and control groups. CONCLUSION: It appears that the DOMS induced subjects react to the warm, cold, and contrast treatments much the same way as uninjured subjects from previous reports. Fluctuations in blood flow occurred at the four transitional points in the contrast group and indicate alterations in blood flow are occurring during the sequential contrast treatment scheme. These changes in flow are theorized to benefit healing; and because of the brevity of exposure to either the hot or cold, are most likely the result of localized vasodilation and vasoconstriction, instead of deep vascular changes.

Corpus Callosum Segment Circumference Is Associated With Response Control in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Response control is impaired in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Given the corpus callosum's role in response control, we compared callosal morphology in 64 children with ADHD and 64 typically developing children, aged 7 to 13 years, and investigated the relationships between callosal morphology and response control. Area and circumference of 5 callosal segments (genu, rostral body, midbody, isthmus, and splenium) were normalized for cerebral volume and examined for correlation with mean reaction time, intrasubject variability, and/or commission error rate from a go/no-go task. There were no between-group differences in segment areas or circumferences. Reaction time correlated with midbody circumference for boys with ADHD and isthmus circumference for girls with ADHD. For the entire cohort, rostral body circumference correlated with intrasubject variability. Impaired response control in ADHD is associated with anomalies in frontal interhemispheric connections. Future studies examining callosal shape will illuminate the anatomic basis of correlations between callosal segment circumference and response control.

Two-dimensional alterations of myenteric plexus in jejunoileal atresia

Purpose: The purpose of this report is to investigate changes in the myenteric plexus associated with the dilated proximal segment of jejunoileal atresia (JA). Two-dimensional morphologic changes in the myenteric nerve plexuses were investigated using whole-mount preparation. Methods: Proximal (P) and distal (D) intestinal segments from 7 cases with JA and control (C) segments from 5 postmortem neonates were investigated. The circumference of the jejunoileal segments was measured after fixation. Antibodies for protein gene product 9.5 and neurofilament protein were used in whole-mount preparation. The sizes of neural networks were calculated by measuring the longest circular distance in a neural network (x) and the longest longitudinal distance (y), and the width of the internodal strands (i) with a videomicrometer. Results: Median circumference of the segments was 8.5 in P, 2.0 in D, and 2.0 cm in C. The neural networks in P were expanded longitudinally as well as circularly (x = 817.10 μm, y = 561.26, i = 31.04: median) while comparing them to those in D (x = 431.40 μm y = 288.07, i = 26.05) or C (x = 285.03 μm y = 372.20, c = 1113.57, i = 32.39). The nerve plexus was less expanded than the intestinal wall. Conclusions: Proximal intestinal segments showed a restructuring that resulted in mild hypoplasia of the enteric nerve plexuses in the proximal segments. The less expansion of the myenteric nerve plexus seen in the proximal bowel in infants with JA suggests a histologic basis for the efficacy of tapering or plication of the dilated bowel. J Pediatr Surg 36:474-478. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.

Relation of biophysical response of coarcted aortic segment to balloon dilatation with development of recoarctation following balloon angioplasty of native coarctation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of biophysical response of the coarcted segment to balloon dilatation in the causation of aortic recoarctation.SettingTertiary care centre/university hospital.DesignRetrospective case series.MethodsRecords of 67 consecutive infants and...

BIOPHYSICAL RESPONSE OF COARCTED SEGMENT TO BALLOON DILATATION DETERMINES RECOARCTATION IN NATIVE COARCTATIONS. 195

Although causes of recoarctation following balloon angioplasty of native aortic coarctation have been examined in terms of demographic, anatomic, hemodynamic and technical variables, role of biophysical response of the coarcted segment to balloon stretch in the genesis of recoarctation has not been studied. Sixty-seven consecutive infants and children undergoing balloon angioplasty of native coarctations during an 8.7-year-period ending September 1993 were included in the study. Immediate reduction (p 20 mmHg. Stretch ([Balloon circumference - pre-balloon coarcted segment circumference/pre-balloon coarcted segment circumference] × 100), gain(post-balloon coarcted segment circumference - pre-balloon coarcted segment circumference) and recoil (balloon circumference - post-balloon coarcted segment circumference) were calculated from measurements obtained from cineangiograms performed prior to and immediately after balloon dilatation. The percent stretch in 44 children without recoarctation (218 ± 123%) was similar (p > 0.1) to that in 15 children with recoarctation (190± 65%) implying that similar balloon dilating force was applied in both groups. Greater (p < 0.001) gain was observed in the group without recoarctation (15.4 ± 9.1 mm) than in the recoarctation group (9.8± 4.6 mm). Surprisingly the recoil was higher (p < 0.01) in the group without recoarctation (9.1 ± 6.3 mm) than in the recoarctation group (4.1 ± 2.9 mm). These differences remained significant even after normalizing the gain and recoil to the extent of stretch and controlling for covariate effects of stretch (i.e. the coarcted segment and balloon sizes) on gain and recoil. Higher gain and recoil in the group without recoarctation implies preservation of intact elastic tissue in the coarcted segment. In the recoarctation group, with less gain and recoil, the elastic properties may not have been preserved, thereby causing recoarctation. Different degrees of cystic medial necrosis (depletion and disarray of elastic tissue) have been described in excised coarcted segments, and there may be more severe degrees of cystic medial necrosis in recoarctation group than in no recoarctation group.

Assessing Bench Press Power in College Football Players

Forty college football players were tested at the conclusion of a winter conditioning program to determine the relationship among physical dimensions, seated shot put (SSP) performance, and bench press power (BPP). Absolute (AP) and relative (RP) bench press power outputs were determined with a specially designed bench press machine. AP used an absolute load of 61 kg for each subject, while RP used a load equal to 60% of the subject's l-RM bench press. The SSP was measured with a 4.5-kg indoor shot. Body composition and size were evaluated from skinfolds, segment circumferences, and limb lengths. Although SSP was significantly related to AP (r=0.51) and RP (r=0.66), removing the effect of differences in body mass reduced the correlation coefficients for both relationships (r=0.17 and 0.29, respectively). Removing the effect of LBM had the same effect on these relationships. Multiple regression analysis to predict AP selected SSP, body mass, and chest circumference (R=0.62). In predicting RP, the significant variables selected were flexed arm circumference and SSP (R=0.77). In both equations, SSP contributed less than 29% to the explained variance in BPP. Therefore it appears that the SSP is moderately related to both absolute and relative bench press power in college football players and may be greatly influenced by size and muscularity.

Assessing Bench Press Power in College Football Players: The Seated Shot Put

ABSTRACT Forty college football players were tested at the conclusion of a winter conditioning program to determine the relationship among physical dimensions, seated shot put (SSP) performance, and bench press power (BPP). Absolute (AP) and relative (RP) bench press power outputs were determined with a specially designed bench press machine. AP used an absolute load of 61 kg for each subject, while RP used a load equal to 60% of the subject's l-RM bench press. The SSP was measured with a 4.5-kg indoor shot. Body composition and size were evaluated from skinfolds, segment circumferences, and limb lengths. Although SSP was significantly related to AP (r=0.51) and RP (r=0.66), removing the effect of differences in body mass reduced the correlation coefficients for both relationships (r=0.17 and 0.29, respectively). Removing the effect of LBM had the same effect on these relationships. Multiple regression analysis to predict AP selected SSP, body mass, and chest circumference (R=0.62). In predicting RP, the significant variables selected were flexed arm circumference and SSP (R=0.77). In both equations, SSP contributed less than 29% to the explained variance in BPP. Therefore it appears that the SSP is moderately related to both absolute and relative bench press power in college football players and may be greatly influenced by size and muscularity.

External Sense Organs of Tubifex tubifex and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri (Tubificidae)

Sense organs were viewed by SEM for Tubifex tubifex (Muller) and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri Clap. Individual sense organs were broadly circular in shape; they were regularly distributed on the prostomium and were found in compact bands around the circumference of segments I-III for both species. L. hoffmeisteri had up to 15 cilia per organ, with cilia from 2 to 6 μm in length. Diameter of sense organs ranged from 2 to 6 μm and mean densities (±SE) were 2(± 0.1)/1000 μ m2 at the tip of the prostomium, 7(± 0.3)/1000 μ m2 at the posterior regions of the prostomium, and 8(± 0.4)/1000 μ m2, 6(± 0.1)/1000 μ m2, and 2(± 0.2)/1000 μ m2 for segments I, II, and III, respectively. T. tubifex possessed up to 24 cilia per organ. Cilia were from 2 to 7 μm in length. Diameters of organs ranged from 5 to 9 μm and mean densities were 8(± 0.7)/1000 μ m2 over the entire prostomium, 13(± 1.0)/1000 μ m2, 3(± 0.6)/1000 μ m2, and $<1/1000 \mu \text{m}^{2}$ on segments I, II, and III, respectively.

Physiological responses of fire fighting recruits to high intensity training.

Data were obtained for 20 fire department recruits before and after a ten-week training program. Training consisted of interval running and circuit weight training. At the conclusion of the training program several parameters were examined. Total work capacity assessed on a bicycle ergometer significantly increased (27.3%) with a concomittent increase in maximum oxygen uptake (33.2%). Physical performance tests given showed marked increases in 12 foot rope climb, 600 yard run, push-ups, sit-ups and leg-lifts. Physical strength also showed significant increases for the bench press (18.5%), military press (19.4%) pulldown (11.7%) biceps curl (16.2%) and leg press (18.7%). Training of this nature also brought about significant changes in body composition of the recruits. The subscapula and abdomen skinfold sites showed significant decreases of -9.6% and -11.9% respectfully. Body segment circumferences showed significant changes for shoulder, thigh, flexed biceps and abdomen. The skinfold and circumference measures reflected changes in lean body weight (2.6%), absolute body fat (-13.4%), and relative body fat (-13.7%). It has been shown that interval training and circuit weight training significantly increase the physical performance capacities of the recruits. It has been suggested, due to the tremendous cost to the county and city agencies as well as to the aspiring recruit, that a preliminary physical training program be implemented to reduce the drop-out rate of recruits during the tower training drills.