Ethanol Extract Of Seeds Research Articles

Testing the Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Extract on Terap Fruit Seeds (Artocarpus odoratissimus) using the DPPH Method

Plants contain compounds that are classified as secondary metabolites. One of them is terap fruit (Artocarpus odoratissimus). Terap (Artocarpus odoratissimus) is a plant that grows a lot in Kalimantan. Most of the Artocarpus genus have pharmacological properties. One of the benefits of these compounds is as an antioxidant. Antioxidants can remove free radical compounds in the body and prevent the onset of disease. Secondary metabolite compounds found in plants have been isolated and used as components in medicine. The study was intended to determine the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of terap fruit seeds (Artocarpus odoratissimus) using the DPPH method. The method in this study was quantitative experimental, which included collecting and collecting plants, making simplicia, making extracts from terap seeds (Artocarpus odoratissimus) using 96% ethanol solvent, and for antioxidant activity testing using the DPPH method. The presence of antioxidant compounds in plant extracts can cause a change in the color of DPPH from purple to yellow. This color change will indicate antioxidant activity against DPPH free radicals and is measured by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry. Antioxidant activity was measured using the IC50 value (50% Inhibitory Concentration). From the results of the antioxidant activity test using the DPPH method, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of terap fruit seeds obtained from the Tarakan area showed antioxidant activity. The IC50 value of 197.45 mg/ml indicates that its antioxidant ability is impaired as a weak antioxidant.

Propofol and Nigella sativa L Seeds Ethanol Extract Enhance Neuroprotection: A Histopathological Study in Rat Models with Traumatic Brain Injury

BACKGROUND: Nigella sativa has been known for its neuroprotective properties, while propofol is an anesthetic induction drug that has been widely used in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). To determine the effectiveness of both active ingredients, it is necessary to compare their neuroprotective effects. This study was performed since not many studies have compared the effect of propofol and Nigella sativa seeds ethanol extract (NSSEE) or their combination on histopathological features in TBI cases.METHODS: Thirty male rat models were divided into 5 groups. Four groups received TBI induction with the methods of Feeney’s weight drop model, while another group (control group) did not receive TBI induction. Groups with TBI induction, later received no treatment, treatment with 500 mg/kg NSSEE orally, 10 mg/kg propofol intravenously, or a combination of NSSEE and propofol. After 8 days, rats were euthanized by cervical dislocation. Subsequently, a craniotomy was performed to obtain brain samples. The brain sample was placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathological examination, which includes brain hemorrhage, congestion, inflammatory cells, necrosis, apoptosis, and degeneration.RESULTS: The present study found that NSSEE showed greater efficacy in histopathological features (brain hemorrhage, congestion, inflammatory cells, necrosis, apoptosis, and degeneration) in rat models with TBI compared to propofol or a combination of propofol and NSSEE.CONCLUSION: NSSEE has superior potential compared to propofol and the combination of both in providing neuroprotection in TBI cases.KEYWORDS: traumatic brain injury, propofol, Nigella sativa seeds ethanol extract, histopathology, neuroprotective

Evaluation of the effect of ethanol extract of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds on haematological parameters of alloxan-induced Wistar diabetic rats

Evaluation of the effect of ethanol extract of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds on haematological parameters of alloxan-induced Wistar diabetic rats

Antidiabetic and Hypolipidemic Effect of Ethanolic Seed Extract of Prosopis juliflora in Fructose Induced Hyperglycemia in Rats

Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic and hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic seed extract of Prosopis juliflora in fructose induced hyperglycemia in wistar albino rats in comparison with Metformin. Materials and methods: 30 male wistar albino rats were divided equally into 5 groups. Group I and II were the normal and the disease control groups. While, groups III to V were the treatment groups. Animals in group I received regular drinking water; whereas, groups II to V received 20% fructose water for 8 weeks. After 8 weeks, animals in groups II to V had elevated fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR, weight gain and dyslipidemia. From week 9 to 16 group I animals continued to receive regular drinking water, group II received 2ml of distilled water and groups III, IV and V received Metformin 200mg/kg, P.juliflora extract 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg respectively in addition to 20% fructose water. The animals were sacrificed at the end of 16 weeks and histopathological examination of pancreas was done. Biochemical and hematological assessments were done at baseline and at 16 weeks to assess safety of the interventions. Results: When compared to the disease control group, animals in group III treated with metformin and groups IV and V treated with P.juliflora extract at doses of 400mg/kg and 600mg/kg showed a significant decrease in Fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR and improvement in lipid profile. Even though both the doses of the extract showed significant pharmacological activity, 600mg/kg showed better activity equivalent to metformin. Histopathological examination of pancreas showed regenerative changes in the metformin and P.juliflora 600mg/kg treated groups. No significant abnormality was observed in the biochemical and haematological parameters at the end of the study. Conclusion: P.juliflora seed extract in the dose 400 mg/kg and 600mg/kg exhibited antidiabetic and hypolipidemic activity with no significant adverse events, in this study. Both the doses were having anti dyslipidemic effect similar to metformin whereas 600 mg/kg dose of P.juliflora was having better antidiabetic effect comparable to Metformin. Keywords: Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, P.juliflora, Fructose, Metformin, Metabolic syndrome

Protective Effects of Anethole in Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Seed Ethanol Extract on Hypoxia/Reoxygenation Injury in H9C2 Heart Myoblast Cells.

Active compounds from plants and herbs are increasingly incorporated into modern medical systems to address cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Foeniculum vulgare Mill., commonly known as fennel, is an aromatic medicinal plant and culinary herb that is popular worldwide. Protective effects against cellular damage were assessed in the H9C2 cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) experimental model. The identities of phytochemicals in FVSE were determined by GC-MS analysis. The phytochemical's potential for nutrients and pharmacokinetic properties was assessed by ADMET analysis. GC-MS analysis of the ethanol extracts of F. vulgare identified 41 bioactive compounds, with four prominent ones: anethole, 1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-propanone, ethoxydimethylphenylsilane, and para-anisaldehyde diethyl acetal. Among these, anethole stands out due to its potential for nutrients and pharmacokinetic properties assessed by ADMET analysis, such as bioavailability, lipophilicity, flexibility, and compliance with Lipinski's Rule of Five. In the H/R injury model of H9C2 heart myoblast cells, FVSE and anethole suppressed H/R-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, DNA double-strand break damage, nuclear condensation, and the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of FVSE and its prominent component, anethole, in the treatment of CVDs, particularly those associated with hypoxia-induced damage.

Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) Seed on the Testis Histology (Mus musculus l.) Induced Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)

Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is a substance that is able to produce free radicals such as ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species), which can cause oxidative stress in the body and damage reproductive organs such as the testes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of avocado seed ethanol extract (Persea americana Mill.) on the histology of the testes of mice (Mus musculus L.) induced monosodium glutamate (MSG). This research is an experimental study that was conducted in October 2023 – January 2024 at Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Padang. The design used is a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 repeats. The data obtained were analyzed using the ANOVA test (Analysis of variance) using the SPSS 23 application. The results showed that the administration of avocado seed ethanol extract showed a noticeable effect on the diameter of the testes of male mice exposed to MSG. However, it showed no noticeable influence on testicular weight, seminiferous tubule diameter and Leydig cell count. Ethanol extract avocado seed dose 0.84 mg /g body weight / day (P1) was able to improve the diameter of mice testes that had been induced MSGKeyword: Avocado seed extract, Histology of testis, Mice, MSG

Aphrodisiac Activity of Beligo (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.) Seeds of Ethanol Extract in Mice

Beligo (Benincasa hispida (Thunb.) Cogn.), is empirically used by the people of South Sulawesi-Indonesia as an aphrodisiac. Beligo seeds contain alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids, which have the potential to act as aphrodisiacs. The primary objective of this research is to determine the aphrodisiac activity of an ethanol extract from beligo seeds in mice. The procedure entails extraction and aphrodisiac evaluation using introduction, climbing, and coitus test parameters. Aphrodisiac testing was carried out for seven days using 25 mice as experimental animals, divided into five groups. Each group consists of four males and one female. Group I was given Sod. CMC 1% as a negative control; II, III, and IV were given ethanol extracts of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg, 700mg/kg, 1400mg/kg BW, and group V, as a positive control, was given Yohimbine. The results showed that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg BW, 700mg/kg BW, and 1400mg/kg BW had aphrodisiac activity (p=0.0001) compared to Sod. CMC 1% based on data on the amount of introduction and climbing. However, based on data on the number of coitus, it showed that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds at doses of 350mg/kg BW (p=0.072) had no aphrodisiac activity, 700mg/kg BW (p=0.007), 1400mg/kg BW (p=0.0001) had aphrodisiac activity compared to Na-CMC 1% and only a dose of 1400 mg/kg BW had the same aphrodisiac activity compared with Yohimbine (p=0.967). It is concluded that the ethanol extract of beligo seeds had aphrodisiac activity.

Penetapan Kadar Flavonoid, Kadar Tannin serta Profil Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol 96% Biji Alpukat (Persea Americana Mill)

One of the plants in Indonesia that can be used as traditional medicine is avocado seeds (Persea American Mill). Avocado seeds are known to contain flavonoid compounds, phenols and tannins. Flavonoids are one of the compounds that can ward off free radicals that cause degenerative diseases.The flavonoid compounds in avocado seeds are taken by extracting avocado seeds. Avocado seeds were extracted using the maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Determination of flavonoid levels begins with qualitative phytochemical analysis, then flavonoid levels are measured using the UV-Visible spectrophotometer method with the reference standard quercetin. The extract obtained was subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis by testing phenolics, flavonoids and tannins using reagents appropriate to the test parameters. Meanwhile, quantitative phytochemical analysis of flavonoid compounds uses the UV-Visible Spectrophotometry method. The results of qualitative phytochemical analysis show that avocado seeds contain positive flavonoid compounds, phenols and tannins. Based on the results of quantitative phytochemical analysis using visible UV spectrophotometry, it shows that the level of flavonoid compounds in the ethanol extract of avocado seeds (Persea American Mill), which was read at the maximum wave obtained, namely 435 nm, was 0.2124%.

Apium leptophyllum: Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxicity evaluation

Apium leptophyllum (AL) has significantly been used in traditional medicine. The present study was planned to evaluate the phytochemical screening and anti-proleferative potential of AL seed extract. Phytochemical analysis of seed extract was performed by HPLC and FTIR. Furthermore, anti-proliferative potential of ethanolic extract of AL seeds was evaluated on five different cell lines by using the MTT assay. Colony formation assay of ethanolic extract of AL seeds was checked on MCF-7 and A549 cancer cells. DAPI was performed to evaluate the induction of apoptosis by AL extract on MCF-7 cells. The HPLC analysis of ethanolic extract of AL showed presence of Thymol as main constituent. The FTIR analysis of ethanolic extract of AL showed presence of alcohols, carboxylic acids, alkanes, ketones etc. The results of anti-proliferative assay of ethanolic extract of AL showed concentration dependent antiproliferative activity on each cell line. The antiproliferative efficacy of AL was seen more in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and lung cancer cells (A549) and least effect was shown on liver cancer cell line. Colony formation assay showed concentration dependent inhibition. By performing apoptotic assay on MCF-7 cell line using DAPI dye. AL treated cells showed apoptotic changes such as cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. The current study confirms the potential bioactivity of the plant being investigated. Consequently, with continued pre-clinical and clinical research, this study could contribute to the development of a safe, affordable, and effective anticancer medication for the well-being of individuals.

Antioxidant activity assay of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) seeds Ethanol extract with DPPH radical scavenging using UV-Vis Spectrophotometer

Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) is known to have a strong antioxidant compound. Thus, the calyx becomes the most important area to research. Another part of this plant that was starting to be known for its benefits is rosella seeds. Roselle seeds are a source of fat-soluble antioxidants. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of Roselle Seed Ethanol Extract (RSEE) with the DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2 Picrylhidrazyl) radical scavenging method. This research begins by doing the extraction of Roselle seeds using ethanol (96%) as a solvent and then assessing the antioxidant activity (Radical Scavenging Activity/RSA) of the extract, which is compared with the ascorbic acid standard at several concentrations (5-200 ppm). Antioxidant activity was assessed with DPPH Radical Scavenging using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and IC50 value parameters. The results of this study were the absorbance of DPPH from spectrophotometer at 517 nm was 0,824 (purple color). The absorbance of RSEE and ascorbic acid at 5 ppm to 200 ppm, respectively 0.523-0.124 and 0.594-0.112. The antioxidant activity (RSA) of the RSEE and ascorbic acid, respectively was 57.93% and 59.24%. The IC50 value of RSEE was 30.158 μg/ml and as comparison is ascorbic acid, the IC50 value was 26.948 μg/ml. Thus, the antioxidant activity of roselle seeds ethanol extract (RSEE) belongs to a very strong category (50 μg /ml). This is due to the presence of several phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acid derivatives.

EVALUATION OF ANTI-EPILEPTIC ACTIVITY OF SEED EXTRACT OF ENTADA PURSAETHA DC IN WISTAR RATS.

There are substances or ingredients or drugs that are not specifically mentioned or categorized in classical Ayur-vedic texts. These are called Extra pharmacopoeial drugs. Entada pursaetha DC is a large woody vine belong-ing to the family Mimosaceae. In some regions of India, it has been associated with folklore and traditional be-liefs. In this study, the anti-epileptic activity of ethanolic seed extract of Entada pursaetha DC in the doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg respectively using Maximal Electroshock induced convulsions (MES models) were investigated in Wistar rats. The ethanolic extract of Seed does not have any anti-epileptic property and did not show any significant results in either the doses 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg.

Skrining Fitokimia Dan Uji Sitotoksisitas Ekstrak Etanol Biji Anggur (Vitis vinifera L.) Dengan Metode BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test)

Cancer is an abnormal state of cells, which is the leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular disease and is expected to reach 12 million deaths by 2030. There are various kinds of plants that can be used as anti-cancer treatment, one of which is grape seeds (Vitis vinifera L.). Grape seeds contain 74–78% oligometric proanthocyanidins and grape seed extract contains flavonoids. Proanthocyanidins of grape seeds are a group of polyphenols. The objective of this research was to determine the content of grape seeds and determine the level of toxicity of LC50 using the BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method. The research was conducted using the BSLT (Brine Shrimp Lethality Test) method by calculating the number of deaths of Artemia salina larvae with Lethal concentration parameters 50 (LC50). Grape seed extract variation, chemical content, characterization and cytotoxicity tests were variables in the research. The results of phytochemical screening testing showed that red grape seeds were positive for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and steroids. The results of cytotoxicity test with probit analysis showed an LC50 value of 367.2823 μg / mL so that it can be concluded that red grape seed ethanol extract is toxic and has the potential to be anticancer.

The Effect of Carica pubescens Seeds Ethanol Extract on Lymphocyte Count and Paw Edema in Male White Swiss Webster Mice

Inflammation is a natural tissue response to infection in the body. The potential anti-inflammatory effect of secondary metabolites in carica seeds has been overlooked. This study aimed to investigate and develop the anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanolic extract of carica seeds (Carica pubescens) against foot edema and lymphocyte count in male white mice. Bioactive carica seeds were extracted using the maceration method with 70 % ethanol solvent. The identification of secondary metabolites was conducted using the thin-layer chromatography method. Treatments were administered to six groups: the negative control group (sick), solvent control, positive control with Diclofenac Sodium, and three doses of the ethanol extract of carica seeds (cS) at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight (BW). Edema was induced using intraplantar 1 % carrageenan on the soles of mice, and lymphocyte count was determined by blood sampling from the lateral tail vein using a hematology analyzer. Carica seeds doses of 200 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity comparable to the positive control Diclofenac Sodium (p 0.05). Variations in CS doses influenced the lymphocyte count at the 3rd and 6th hours. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of carica seeds exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in male white mice induced by 1 % carrageenan, reducing edema thickness and affecting leukocyte count.

Perbandingan Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Gel dan Spray Ekstrak Etanol Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L.)

Introduction: Acne is a psychological problem that is most frequently experienced from puberty through maturity. The papaya plant (Carica papaya L.), which has antibacterial activities present in the papaya seeds. The bioactive substances found in papaya seeds, including flavonoids, tannins, saponins, proteins, carbohydrates, tocopherols, and carotenoids, are what provide seeds the antibacterial activities Objective: This research compares the effectiveness of papaya seed ethanol extract against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria in gel and spray dose forms. . Methods: This study is an experimental lab experiment that uses 96% ethanol as a solvent and the maceration method of extraction. Results: The concentration of the gel preparation in this study was 5% (F1)with resistance diameter 15.5, namely strong antibacterial activity, 10% (F2)with an inhibitory diameter of 16.5 mm, which has strong antibacterial activity, dan 15% (F3)with an inhibitory diameter of 15.3 mm, namely strong antibacterial activity, positive control with a diameter of 27.5 mm, namely very strong antibacterial activity. On preparationspray has an inhibition zone of 0 mm, positive control 24 mm and negative control 0 mm. The resulting extract was initially tested for phytochemicals using the tube method to guarantee the quality of the extract. Organoleptic testing, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion were among the physical qualities of gel and spray preparations that were assessed.Clindamycin served as the positive control in an antibacterial activity test against Propionibacterium acnes utilizing the well diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar (MHA) media. According to the results of the phytochemical screening, the papaya seed ethanol extract included bioactive substances as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Physical property evaluation produced results that complied with the criteria for the organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, spreadability, and adhesion tests. Conclusion: Based on this research, it can be concluded that the inhibitory power of EEBP in gel preparations is better than in gel preparation spray because the results in the gel preparation category have a stronger average.

Determination of biological activity of ethanol extracts of date-plum (Diospyros lotus) fruits and seeds growing in Turkey

This study was carried out to evaluate quality criteria such as chemical composition and antioxidant and antibacterial activity values in 80% ethanol extracts of date-plum (Diospyros lotus) fruits and seeds. In addition, the macro and microelement concentrations of fruits and seeds were also investigated. According to the data obtained, when fruit and seed were compared, it was determined that the seed (81.72%) contained more components than the fruit (79.4%), and the antioxidant activity of the seed was also higher. While the main component of the seed was “Methyl hydrogen disulfide” with 43.21%, the main component of the fruit was “5-Hydroxymethylfurfural” with 24.2%. As a result of antimicrobial activity tests, neither seeds nor fruits have antimicrobial activity. At the same time, the nutritional content values of the seeds and fruits of this plant were analyzed and evaluated. When the data obtained are evaluated in terms of both macro and micronutrients, it has been observed that the nutritional content values of the fruit (K (3.63%), P (0.68 %), Cu (24.31%), Zn (10.49 mg kg–1) and Mn (25.29 mg kg–1) for fruits) are higher than the seeds. In conclusion, the findings from the evaluation of Diospyros lotus fruit and seeds in this study highlight the richness in chemical composition and high antioxidant activity of the seeds, as well as the nutritional superiority of the fruit. Therefore, further research to better understand and harness the potential health benefits of this plant could contribute to a deeper understanding of this field.

Effect of Papaya Seeds (Carica papaya) and Gandarusa Leaves (Justicia gendarussa) on the Spermatozoa Quality of Male Mice

Papaya seeds (<em>Carica papaya </em>L<em>.</em>) and gandarusa leaves (<em>Justicia gendarussa </em>Burm.f.) are considered medicinal plants that can be used as natural male contraceptives. Papaya seeds contain alkaloids, triterpenoids, saponins, and papain. Meanwhile, the gandarusa leaves contain flavonoids. These compounds have the function of antifertility for men. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of papaya seeds (<em>Carica papaya </em>L<em>.</em>) ethanol extracts, gandarusa leaves (<em>Justicia gendarussa </em>Burm.f<em>.</em>), and its combination on motility, viability, and morphology of male mice spermatozoa (<em>Mus musculus</em><em>)</em> most effective decrease concentration on motility, viability, and morphology of male mice spermatozoa (<em>Mus musculus</em>). This research was an experimental study. The samples of this study were 18 male mice with a body weight of 20-30 grams, aged 3-5 months, and were divided into six groups. The treatments given were control, papaya seed ethanol extract, gandarusa leaves ethanol extract, and its combinations to concentrations of P1 Na CMC1%, P2 (papaya seed 100mg/kgW), P3 (gandarusa leaf 50mg/kgW), P4 (papaya seed : gandarusa leaf 50:50 mg/kgW), P5 (papaya seed : gandarusa leaf 50:100 mg/ kgW), P6 (papaya seed : gandarusa leaf 100:50 mg/kgW). The extract was given for 35 days. On the 36<sup>th</sup> day, the mice were dissected to take their epididymis to observe the spermatozoa's quality (motility, viability, morphology). Those observations used a light microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. This study resulted differences in P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, and P6 towards motility, viability, and morphology of spermatozoa (<em>p</em>< 0.05). The conclusion of this study showed that both single and combination ethanol extracts of papaya seeds and gandarusa leaves could reduce the motility, viability, and morphology of spermatozoa of male mice, and the effective dosage in reducing motility, viability, and morphology of spermatozoa is P3 gandarusa leaves 50mg/kgW.

Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract of Tarap Fruit Seeds (Artocarpus odoratissimus)

Tarap fruit (Artocarpus odoratissimus), also known as "terap", is a type of fruit that grows in various tropical regions in Southeast Asia. because almost every part of the fruit has pharmacological properties, it is often used as an ingredient in traditional medicine. The plant has been part of many different cultures for a long time, used as a food source, and is widely used to help improve health. This study aims to conduct phytochemical screening on tarap fruit seed extract to identify the secondary metabolite compounds contained in it with a focus on compounds such as polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, and terpenoids. This study uses a qualitative experimental method to analyze phytochemistry by color test using various reagents from tarap fruit seed extract, to identify secondary metabolite compounds in the plant. Tarap fruit seed samples were obtained from local fruit sellers in Tarakan. Extraction of tarap fruit seeds was carried out using 96% ethanol with maceration technique, then examined the content of polyphenols, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. The results showed the presence of several secondary metabolites in tarap fruit seed extract, proving the content of polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids, while tannins and steroids could not be detected. The conclusion is that the ethanol extract of tarap fruit seeds (Artocarpus odoratissimus) contains polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids.

Formulasi Sediaan Pomade Ekstrak Daun Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) Sebagai Perangsang Penumbuh Rambut Pada Kelinci

Background: Meniran petroleum ether extract 2% which contains lignans and terpenoids can increase hair growth activity by inhibiting 5α-reductase. In addition, the ethanol extract of candlenut seeds from the same family as meniran Flavonoids and phenols can also stimulate hair growth. Previous studies have also shown that quercetin also has activity to increase hair growth. Meniran is also known to contain the flavonoids quercetin, nirurin, rutin, quercitrin, astragalin and galocatechin. So meniran ethanol extract was chosen for this study. Based on a literature search about this research, the researcher was interested in formulating meniran leaf extract pomade (Phyllanthus niruri L.) as a hair stimulant in rabbits (Oryclolagus cunucilus). Purpose: To determine the formulation of meniran leaf extract pmade (Phyllanthus niruri L.) which is good in stimulating hair growth in rabbits. Methods: The method used was an experimental study to test the characteristics of pomade preparations with meniran leaf extract concentrations of 5%, 7.5% and 10% with organoleptic, homogeneity, spreadability, pH, irritation and freeze-thaw parameters. Results: From the results of the research on the characteristic test of pomade preparations on formulations of formula I, formula II and formula III it was found that they fulfilled the characteristics of pomade while F0 did not meet the spreadability requirements. Conclusion: Among the three formulations, it was found that pomade with formula III had the effectiveness of a good hair growth stimulant and could compete with the positive control.

AMARANTHUS AS A SOURCE OF POLYPHENOLIC COMPOUNDS AND FLAVONOIDS FOR USE IN MEDICINE

Amaranth is used as a medicinal plant with antioxidant, hemostatic, and wound-healing properties. The aim of the research is the quantitative determination of polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids in ethanolic extracts of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" and "Ultra" varieties and leaves Amaranthus retroflexus. Methods. Extracts were obtained by infusion for 7 days in 70% and 80% ethanol. Quantitative determination of secondary metabolites was conducted by spectrophotometric methods. Results. The largest amount of polyphenolic compounds was found in the ethanolic extract of Amaranthus retroflexus leaves - 0.228 mg/ml. More polyphenols were found in the ethanolic extract of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" variety than in the extract of amaranth seeds of the "Ultra" variety. In the extract of leaves of Amaranthus retroflexus, 2.1 x 10-4 mg/ml of flavonoids were found, in extracts of amaranth seeds were found from 0.7 x 10-5 mg/ml to 1.55 x 10-5 mg/ml of flavonoids. Conclusion. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of Amaranthus retroflexus contains a greater number of investigated secondary metabolites than the extracts of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" and "Ultra" varieties. The ethanol extract of amaranth seeds of the "Lera" variety contains more polyphenolic compounds and flavonoids than the ethanol extract of amaranth seeds of the "Ultra" variety.

Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-Cholesterol Potential of Ethanolic Seed Extract of Illicium Verum

Illicium Verum commonly called star anise, which is indigenous to northeast Vietnam and Southwest China. Illicium verum is one of the vital ingredients of Chinese medicinal herbs. Principal component (Trans-anethol) exhibits antimicrobial activity such as antiviral, anti-bacterial, antifungal and antiparasitic activities. Cholesterol, a waxy or fat like substance which is found in each and every cell of our body. Cholesterol helps our metabolism work efficiently, but if our body has too much cholesterol in blood, it causes several harmful effects. Anti-cholesterol drugs are useful in reducing the blood cholesterol level. Ethanolic extract of Illicium verum was found to be rich in phytochemicals such as Alkaloids, terpenoids and steroids. The ethanolic extract of illicium verum exhibited a significant antioxidant potential (Ic50 = 300 µg/ml) and anti-cholesterol potential (Ic50 = 400 µg/ml) as compared to standard drugs.