Seed Tubers Research Articles

The Application of Paclobutrazol to GA3-Treated Seed Tuber Potato Fields Does Not Shorten the Growth Cycle or Mitigate Tuber Elongation.

Potato seed tubers are a valuable product in potato agriculture. Over the years, studies have been conducted to increase the fraction of mid-size tubers, which are used as a planting material, within the general pool of tuber sizes. Gibberellic acid has been a central component of such studies and has successfully increased the seed-size pool. However, in many cases, misshapen tubers were formed, and the practice has not become widespread. The use of the gibberellic acid inhibitor paclobutrazol has been examined for its ability to increase seed tuber number and tuber growth and to overcome the heat inhibition of tuberization in warm climates. Paclobutrazol has been shown to increase tuber yield and growth rate. In this study, we aimed to test whether the combination of gibberellic acid and paclobutrazol can increase the seed tuber pool, reduce the number of misshapen tubers, and shorten the growth cycle, thus avoiding end-of-season elevated heat conditions and reducing agricultural inputs. Our findings suggest that gibberellic acid on its own can lead to an increase in the number of seed tubers at earlier stages of growth; however, the sequential addition of paclobutrazol was not able to drive even earlier growth or lower the number of misshapen tubers.

Population Structure of Phytophthora infestans in Israel Changes Frequently Due to the Import of Asymptomatic Late Blight-Infected Potato Seed Tubers from Europe.

Late blight, caused by the oomycete Phytophthora infestans, is a devastating disease of potato worldwide. In Israel, potatoes are grown twice a year, in autumn and spring, with late blight causing extensive damage in both seasons. While tuber seeds for the autumn planting are produced locally, seed tubers for the spring planting are imported from Europe due to dormancy of local tubers. Here, we demonstrate that seed tubers imported from Europe for the spring season carry asymptomatic infection with EU genotypes of P. infestans, which alters the population structure of the pathogen each spring. The proportion of imported tubers carrying asymptomatic infections ranged between 1.2 and 3.75%, varying by year and cultivar. Asymptomatic tubers produced late blight-infected sprouts about one month after planting. The sporangia produced on these sprouts served as primary inoculum, causing intensive foliage attacks on neighboring plants. When sprout-infected plants were uprooted and the mother tuber was washed, sliced, and placed in moistened dishes at 18 °C, profuse sporulation of P. infestans developed on the slices' surfaces within 1-2 days. The dominant genotype of P. infestans in the autumn season in Israel is 23A1, but genotypes in the following spring season changed to include 13A2 or 36A2. Surprisingly, genotype 43A1, which might be resistant to CAA and OSBPI fungicides and appeared in Europe in 2022, emerged in Israel in spring 2024. The immigrating genotypes do not persist in the country, allowing 23A1 to regain predominance in the following autumn. Long-term monitoring data suggest that the population structure of P. infestans changes yearly but temporarily due to the import of new genotypes from Europe.

Tuber production of Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. from different sizes of seed-tubers in two cultivation cycles

The liana Tropaeolum pentaphyllum Lam. is an unconventional food plant with potential economic exploitation. This study aimed to evaluate the vegetative propagation of T. pentaphyllum using seed-tubers. A total of 140 tubers were classified into four mass classes: I) < 10 g, II) 10 to 30 g, III) 30 to 70 g, and IV) > 70 g. Each mass class contained 35 tubers. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Sertão, southern Brazil, with temperature and relative humidity of 25°C and 50%, respectively. When the senescence of the aerial stem system occurred, the mass of the tubers was measured using a precision scale (0.01 grams). Analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05) were used to analyze the data obtained in the experiment. In addition, descriptive statistics (mean ± standard deviation) were also used. The ratio between the initial and final masses per tuber class was calculated and the production averages between tuber classes were compared. The annual and biennial productions show that the classes of tuber seeds with mass above 10 g (II, III, and IV) produce more tubers. Class II and III are indicated for annual cultivation considering both the production in number and mass. Regarding the production of tubers for sale, class I with biennial planting is indicated since it presents a more significant mass increment.

Kajian Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) dengan Variasi Umbi Benih

The effect of seed tuber weight on the growth and production of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) is intended to determine the efficiency of using tubers as seed material in potato cultivation. The single factor experiment was carried out using a randomized block design (RAK) consisting of 8 treatments, namely treatment A (Granolla variety with tuber weight 28 – 30 g), B (Granolla variety with tuber weight 31 – 45 g), C (Granolla variety with tuber weight 46 – 60 g), D HPS variety with tuber weight 31 – 45 g (Granolla variety with tuber weight 61 – 80 g), E (HPS variety with tuber weight 28 – 30 g), F (HPS variety with tuber weight 31 – 45 g), G (HPS variety with tuber weight 46 – 60 g), and H treatment (HPS variety with tuber weight 61 – 80 g). Each treatment was repeated four times. The results showed that the results were better for tubers weighing 46 - 60 g than tubers weighing 28 - 45 g, and the results were the same compared to tubers weighing 61 - 80 g, both for the HPS variety and the granolla variety. In developing potato cultivation, it is necessary to pay attention to the availability of quality seeds, the weight of the seed tubers and varieties that are suitable for the land environment. By increasing the production of quality tuber seeds, it is hoped that it can contribute to increasing productivity and potato production

Physiological Age of Potato Seed Tubers of Contrasting Cultivars Hardly Affects Crop Performance in a Temperate Climate

AbstractThe physiological age of potato seed tubers influences the subsequent field performance of the crop, conditioning its growth and development. This study investigates the effects of the physiological age of seed tubers on the field performance of four contrasting, currently widely grown cultivars (Agria, Festien, Innovator, Lady Claire) across three sites in the Netherlands over 3 years (Cycles 1—3). Seed tubers were produced annually at a single site under uniform conditions, with variations in physiological age induced by applying different storage temperatures (4, 7, 10, and/or 17 °C). Our previous study revealed varying effects of storage temperature on sprouting behaviour among cultivars, suggesting different rates of ageing. After completing the storage season, in the current study these seed tubers were planted in the field and subsequent crop performance was thoroughly phenotyped. Cultivar-specific effects of storage temperature were evident during early growth stages and when seed tubers were stored at 17 °C in Cycle 3. However, within the storage temperature range of 4 to 10 °C, the influence of storage temperatures was small or inconsistent. Overall, effects on canopy cover, stem and tuber number, yield and quality, and tuber yield explanatory variables were limited. The outcomes suggest that while very high storage temperatures should be avoided in regions with long crop cycles, stringent cold storage regimes are unnecessary to achieve optimal growth vigour in potato seed tubers of the studied cultivars in a temperate climate.

Response of growth and tuber seed production of G0 potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv Medians in medium lands of Jatinangor to biochar composition and retardant type

Potatoes are the third most consumed food in Indonesia. The availability of high-quality potato tuber seeds is still low which affects potato production. Potato planting in the highlands is limited, so it needs to be expanded into medium lands. The modification that can increase the production of G0 potato tuber seeds on medium lands is the use of biochar and retardant. The purpose of this research was to determine the composition of biochar and the type of retardant to increase the G0 tuber seed yield of potato cv Medians in the medium lands of Jatinangor. The research was conducted from August 2022 to February 2023 at the Station Ciparanje, Jatinangor, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran. The experiment used Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD). The first factor was the biochar compositions: b1 (100% compost), b2 (80% compost + 20% rice husk biochar), b3 (80% compost + 20% coconut shell biochar), and b4 (80% compost + 10% biochar husk rice + 10% coconut shell biochar). The second factor was the retardant type: r1 (without retardant), r2 (100 ppm paclobutrazol), and r3 (100 ppm prohexadione-Ca). The experimental results showed that there was no interaction effect of biochar compositions and retardant type on the growth and yield of G0 potato tuber seeds. Treatment of 80% compost + 20% coconut shell biochar suppressed plant height but increased the number of tubers. Treatment of 100 ppm paclobutrazol resulted in lower plant height but total chlorophyll content, percentage of stolon forming tubers, the number of tubers, and tuber weight per plant were higher compared to treatments without retardant and with 100 ppm prohexadione-Ca.

Effect of Gibberellic Acid (GA3) Concentration and Seedling Media Composition on the Germination and Growth of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) from True Shallot Seed

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a vegetable commodity that contributes greatly to horticultural production and inflantion levels. The use of superior seeds is expected to produce maximum shallot production. The majority of Indonesian farmers use 30% of the harvested tubers as planting material, with production costs being quite expensive. Many shallot farmers also experience several problems with tuber seeds that are hollow and damaged. True Shallot Seeds can be an efficient and profitable altervative planting material. Implementing TSS shallot cultivation is considered difficult and requires longer time for sowing. Soaking seeds using Gibberelin can have a physiological effect on the germination process. Seedling media factor with a certain composition are needed to produce maximum seeds. The experiment was carried out in factorial manner using Random Design Complete with three replications. The GA3 concentration factor has four treatment levels: G0 = 0 ppm/control, G1 = 2 ppm, G2 = 4 ppm, and G3 = 6 ppm. The seedling media composition factors has four treatment levels: M0 = soil + compost/control (1:1), M1 = cocopeat + compost (1:1), M2 = husk charcoal + compost (1:1), and M3 = sand + compost (1:1). The data analysis used was Analysis of Variance, if there were significant differences between the treatments, a further tes was carried out using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at the 5% level. The result showed that the interaction between GA3 concentration treatment and seedling media composition and the single factor GA3 concentration had no significant effect on all observed variables. The composition of the seedling media has a significant effect on the speed of seed growth, seed height, root length, and seed wet weight with optimum results for germination and vegetative growth of TSS seeds, namely the compositionof soil+compost/control (M0) seedling media on the variables of seed growth speed (%/etmal), seed height (cm), and seed wet weight (gram).

PEMANFAATAN TEKNOLOGI AEROPONIK BERBASIS PRECISION AGRICULTURE DALAM OPTIMALISASI RANTAI PASOK BENIH KENTANG G-0 PADA KELOMPOK TANI DI KABUPATEN AGAM

Potato production in West Sumatra has decreased from 2015-2018. One of the factors causing the decline in potato production is because local farmers have not been optimal in producing G0 potato tuber seeds, still using conventional methods, so to meet the need for G0 potato tuber seeds, farmers buy them from outside the region. Efforts that can be made to increase seed production are by utilizing technology in the agricultural sector such as aeroponic systems. Aeroponics is a farming activity carried out by hanging plant roots in a container where the plant roots then receive water and nutrients through spraying in the form of mist droplets. The aim of the research is to design and create an aeroponics system that can work automatically to maintain the concentration of the solution and the availability of water in the box container so that it can meet the nutritional needs for potato plant growth. This research starts from functional design, structural design, control system design, calibration, technical testing and analysis. The performance of the total dissolved solid (TDS) sensor during the 10 week study obtained an error value of 7.398% and an accuracy level of 92.602% with an average range of TDS sensor reading values of 1,142,000 ppm – 1,358,333 ppm. Meanwhile, the performance of the HC-SR04 sensor obtained an error value of 1.300% and an accuracy level of 98.700% with a range of reading values for the HC-SR04 sensor, namely 12 cm – 26 cm. The results of observations of plant growth in the form of plant height showed that the average plant height at week 13 was 42.175 cm/stem, the average number of leaf stalks was 14.8 stalks. The number of tubers produced by the aeroponic system is 14,850 tubers/stem, which is more than the conventional method, namely 5-7 tubers/stem. The aeroponic system can work well because the aeroponic system is able to maintain the concentration of the solution according to plant growth needs (1,050 ppm - 1,400 ppm) and the system can maintain the availability of water in the box container.

Growth Period of Porang (Amorphophallus onchophyllus P.) Through Tubber Cut and Inorganic Fertilizer Treatment

Porang (Amorphophallus onchophyllus) has many benefits for industry and health, because of the high content of glucomannan in its tubers. Porang needs to be developed, but the problem is getting a uniform source of tuber seeds. To get the uniform tuber seeds by dividing them. This study aims to get a uniform source of tuber seeds. This study was conducted in the field and laboratory. The experiment was arranged in a CRD. There are two factors, in seed tuber division: U1= Intact tuber, U2=Tuber cut in 2, U3=Tuber cut in 3 parts, and U4=Tubers cut into 4 parts. The second factor is fertilizer consisting of Urea, Za, and Phonska. The results of the combined treatment between tuber division and fertilizer treatment showed no significant interaction in all observed parameters. The seed tuber division treatment affects the bud break time, plant height, stem diameter, and canopy width, only at the beginning of growth. U1 gives the highest growth. The various fertilizer treatments only had a significant effect on plant height and stem diameter at 7 and 8 WAP. The treatment of splitting tuber seeds can replace intact tubers to be used as Porang tuber seeds

Characterization of Fusarium species causing dry rot of potato mini tubers produced by biotechnological approaches

Soil-borne diseases affect potatoes and cause severe damage to tubers. Several Fusarium species have been associated as causal agents of potato dry rot. This research focused on characterizing fungal species causing dry rot in potato mini tubers produced using biotechnological approaches. Minitubers with typical symptoms of tuber dry rot were selected from freeze store chambers at Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas and processed in the applied microbiology laboratory. Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA, Fluka) with components reduced by 50% was used for fungal isolation, and Spezieller Nährstoffarmer Agar (SNA) was used for morphological characterization. Ten isolates were obtained from potato mini tubers. Mycelia growth was speedy in the culture media used, and CCIBP-Fp-1 had the greatest growth velocity. Cottony colonies were observed in isolates CCIBP-Fp-1, CCIBP-Fp-6, CCIBP-Fp-7 and CCIBP-Fp-9; felty texture was common in isolates CCIBP-Fp-2, CCIBP-Fp-3, CCIBP-Fp-4 and CCIBP-Fp-8, while subfelty texture was seen in isolates CCIBP-Fp-5 and CCIBP-Fp-10. CCIBP-Fp-2 and CCIBP-Fp-4 isolates showed characteristics similar to Fusarium solani, while CCIBP-Fp-3, CCIBP-Fp-5, CCIBP-Fp-6, CCIBP-Fp-7, CCIBP-Fp-8, CCIBP-Fp-9 and CCIBP-Fp-10 corresponded with Fusarium oxysporum. With the results of this work, potato tuber seeds may be protected with better conservation procedures and improve the health of Cuban Potato seeds produced by biotechnological approaches. Keywords: biotechnology; fungi; post-harvest; Solanum tuberosum

Dormancy and Physiological Age of Seed Tubers from a Diverse Set of Potato Cultivars Grown at Different Altitudes and in Different Seasons in Kenya

The study was conducted to determine the dormancy and physiological age characteristics of diverse potato genotypes as influenced by growing altitudes and seasons for future breeding strategies and optimal patterns of use. Dormancy and sprouting characteristics have an impact on tuber production, storability and seed quality for planting and ware for consumption and the market. This study presents the results of dormancy and physiological age measurements conducted on 47 potato genotypes grown at three altitudes with three replications at each location and in two contrasting growing seasons. The seed tubers were evaluated at low altitude under darkness on moist sand storage conditions to assess their dormancy release, number of sprouts, sprout weight, sprout length and percentage tuber weight loss. Results showed significant (p < 0.001) differences among genotypes, locations and seasons, and significant interactions between these factors for days to dormancy release, number of sprouts per tuber at dormancy release and at 45 days after dormancy release, length of longest sprout, weight loss percentage of unsprouted and sprouted tubers at dormancy release and at 45 days after dormancy release, respectively. There was a wide variation in time to dormancy release (54 to 136 days); most genotypes showed medium to long dormancy. Seed tubers grown at low altitude showed longer dormancy than those grown at higher altitudes, while genotypic differences in dormancy were very consistent across environments. Genotypes strongly differed in sprouting characteristics and weight loss. There were highly significant interactions between altitude and season for all variables assessed, except for the number of sprouts 45 days after dormancy release and the weight loss after sprouting. Generally, the genotypic effects were larger than those of altitude, season and the interaction effects for all variables evaluated. This paper will allow variety selection to optimize seed quality at planting and minimize storage losses while providing new targets for breeders.

The differences in true seed shallot nursery growth due to effect of type and thickness media

Currently, botanical seeds of shallots or the true seed shallot (TSS) are becoming more accessible. The problem is that seeding botanical seeds requires the proper media to support the seeds to grow healthy and produce tubers as qualified as that from tuber seeds. The study aimed to obtain the seedling media's type and thickness to support optimal TSS growth. The study was arranged in a factorial design with two treatment factors: media type and media thickness. The environmental design is a Split Plot, with the main plot being a media type consisting of soil (soil + organic fertilizer + husk charcoal) and cocopeat (cocopeat + organic fertilizer + husk charcoal) as sub-plots is the thickness of the planting medium, with two levels of 3 and 5 cm, with five replications. The results showed that based on shoot length, stem diameter, root length, and total chlorophyll content, it was found that soil and cocopeat media with a thickness of 5 cm gave the best vegetative growth as well as the chlorophyll content compared to soil and cocopeat media with a thickness of 3 cm. The results of this study provide information that using media with a thickness of 5 cm gives better seed growth than media of 3 cm.

Metabolites Composition of Bacillus subtilis HussainT-AMU Determined by LC-MS and Their Effect on Fusarium Dry Rot of Potato Seed Tuber

Fusarium dry rot is considered to be the most critical soilborne and postharvest disease that damages potato tubers worldwide when they are stored for a long time. This study was performed to demonstrate the effect of crude extract, culture filtrate, and cell suspension obtained from the bacterium Bacillus subtilis HussainT-AMU, on the net house and field. From oil-contaminated soil, through the serial dilution method, biosurfactant bacteria were isolated on nutrient agar medium. To isolate and screen the prospective biosurfactant strain, various biosurfactant screening methods were used. Standard protocols were carried out for morphological, molecular, and chemical characterization. The disease incidences were significantly decreased under net house and field conditions after treatment with biosurfactant extract (20%, 70%), culture filtrate (23%, 49%), and bacterial cell suspension (46%, 27%), respectively. These results indicate a significant effect of B. subtilis HussainT-AMU against Fusarium oxysporum. The characterization of the partially purified extract by gas-chromatography indicated the existence of a high amount of methyl ester fatty acids. The quantitative analysis determined the presence of lipopeptide-surfactin, fengycin, and iturin in the biosurfactant extract. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that morphological variation was revealed in the structure of stomata size in leaves and in the mycelia of the pathogen that was investigated. This promising biocontrol agent can be a plausible option for further research and can also be used for the production of green biomolecules at an additional industrial level.

ANALISIS KESESUAIAN LAHAN DAN POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN TANAMAN PORANG PADA KAWASAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DAN KARET DI PROVINSI RIAU

Porang (Amorphophallus Muelleri Blume) contain quite high glucomannan (15-64% dry basis). Porang are used as raw materials for food and industry since 1,000 years ago in Japan and China. The high content of glucomannan in porang makes this plant much sought after, especially in the food and health industries. Porang plants need to be researched so that they can be intercropped for oil palm and rubber. Analysis of drainage, texture, coarse material, soil depth, peat thickness and peat maturity was carried out using the borring method and field soil physics tests were carried out. Observation of the level of slope and erosion hazard using a clinometer. And for observations of puddles, surface rocks and rock outcrops with a percentage (%) visualization of the rock volume in the field. Meanwhile, the value of CEC, base saturation, and organic C was obtained from soil analysis resulting from borring sampling in the laboratory. Based on observations and analysis, gardens A, B and C were obtained according to the suitability of the S3 land. To increase the added value, porang is produced in the form of chips. The factory construction investment requires working capital funds and an investment of IDR 3,176,308,600. Investment analysis with tuber seeds showed a positive NPV of Rp. 14,021,379,827.63, IRR &gt;20% and a payback period of 2 years, while the construction of a factory with frog seed cultivation showed a positive NPV of Rp. 3,976,301,962.35, IRR &gt;20%. and Payback Period 4 years 2 months. Based on the two alternatives above, it can be concluded that the investment in building a factory in A plantation by cultivating tuber seeds is better than frog seeds which are shown to have better NPV and Payback Period values

Simulasi Sistem Dinamis Bahan Pangan Tambahan Guna Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Konsumen dan Peningkatan Keuntungan Petani

Shallots (Allium cepa var ascalonicum L.) is one of the most popular food additives in Indonesia. These ingredients are used to add flavor to Indonesian cuisine. The increase in community needs caused by the increase in population has an impact on increasing the demand for shallots every year. This increase also occurred in Bantul Regency. The demand for shallots in Bantul is not accompanied by a balance in the amount of supply obtained from shallot-producing areas. This is because most farmers in Bantul Regency only plant shallots in the dry season. Therefore, this study seeks to propose how to balance the supply of shallots by farmers with market demand to increase farmers' profits. This study uses a dynamic system simulation approach with the help of Powersim studio 9 software. The first step is to build a Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) to see the causal or reciprocal relationship between variances and stock-flow diagrams to compile a mathematical formulation of the system model. dynamic. The simulation results are then validated to determine the credibility of the model. After the model is declared valid, 3 (three) scenarios of implementing the strategy in the shallot supply chain model will be generated. The best model scenario simulation results are scenario 1 (one), namely by replacing the use of tuber seeds in all activities.

Techno-economy Analysis of Shallot Seedling Production form TSS (True Shallot Seed) with LCAC (Low Cost Aeroponic Chamber) Technology

The decline in the productivity of shallots occurred in almost all areas of shallot production centres in Indonesia. One of the factors in the decline in productivity is that farmers are still dependent on tuber seeds that are produced by themselves from generation to generation without any risk of carrying degenerative diseases from previous shallots. Another problem is that the cost of providing seeds is quite high, reaching 40% of the total production cost, with an average requirement of 1-1.5 tons/hectare. Planting shallots using TSS (True Shallot Seed) is an alternative solution, in terms of seed requirements, only 3-5 kg/ha is needed. However, an initial activity is needed in the form of the production of shallot planting material before it is transferred to the land. This study aims to conduct a technoeconomic analysis of shallot planting material production from TSS with LCAC (Low Cost Aeroponic Chamber) technology. Techno-economic analysis is carried out by calculating the basic costs for producing shallot seeds, and economic analysis related to NPV, IRR, Net BC Ratio and Payback Period. This study uses a scenario design of production scales of 200, 500, 1000 trays, and 1 million seeds on a production schedule of 3 cycles per year and 6 cycles per year. The NPV calculation yields profits ranging from 4,750,650 - 822,448,953 IDR, IRR 9.87 - 65.40% above the discount rate used of 6%. Net B/C ratio 1.12 - 2.24 and initial investment will return to investors in the range of 5.23 to 1.28 years after production starts.

The Type of Seeds Did Not Alter The Quality of Potato Tuber in Four Processing Potato Varieties

Apical rooted cutting is a method to produce potato tuber seeds. This method used in potato tubers production as well. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the differences of potato tuber processing properties between those produced using tuber seeds and apical rooted cuttings in four processing potato varieties. Four main processing characteristics were analysed in the laboratory, were starch content, reducing sugar content, total soluble solid content, and specific gravity. As the result, four processing properties of potato tubers produced from cuttings were similar to those from tuber seeds. Whereas the differences between varieties occurred only in starch content and TSS content. This indicated that raw materials in the potato chips industry can be met by Medians, Spudy, as well Papita, not only Atlantik M. Therefore, apical rooted cuttings can be used as potato seeds in addition to tuber seeds in potato tuber production.

THE INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS ON THE MICROBIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOD-PODZOLIC SOIL FOR THE CULTIVATION OF FOOD POTATOES

In the present-day world, the demand for organic products is growing, but there is an insufficient number of studies on the impact of biological preparations on soil fertility parameters. Indicators of microbiological activity are not the same for different soil types, which is why it is necessary to investigate them in detail in specific soil and climatic conditions, especially on zonal soils, which are sod-podzolic soils in Polissia. Research on the impact of various biological preparations on soil fertility indicators for the cultivation of one of the most popular crops in Ukraine – food potatoes – is relevant. The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of treatment of potato tuber seeds with biological preparations and introduction of a biodestructor for better decomposition of siderate on the focus of microbiological processes in the soil. The study was carried out in an experiment at the Volyn State Agricultural Research Station of the Institute of Potato Growing of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The soil of the experimental site was sod-medium-podzolic sandy soil on water-glacial deposits. The stationary experiment included variants with the addition of siderate to the soil without a destructor (Background 1) and with the addition of the Ecostern destructor to the siderate (Background 2). The effectiveness of the following biological preparations was also investigated: Mycohelp, Agat, Regoplant, Fitohelp, Stimpo. Soil analysis for microbiological indicators was carried out in samples taken from the 0-20 cm layer. The focus of microbiological processes in the soil was found by the corresponding coefficients. It was found that the oligotrophicity coefficient was less than one on the variants using the Ecostern biodestructor during the growing season of potatoes, which indicates a good supply of easily digestible organic substances to the soil microbiota, while on the variants without Ecostern during the ripening phase, the oligotrophicity coefficients exceeded one. The coefficient of pedotrophicity changed more during the growing season than according to the variants of the experiment. In the seedling and flowering phase of potatoes, mineralisationimmobilisation coefficients were low in all variants of the experiment, which indicates the predominance of synthesis of organic matter. The materials of this paper are of practical value for farmers and producers of organic crop production in the issue of plant residue management for the use of biodestructors in the technology of growing food potatoes

Optimization of Production Botanily Seeds (TSS) Shallot (Alliun cepa var. ascalonicum) Biru Lancor Variety through improvement of hand pollination in the lowland

The productivity of shallots is influenced by bulb quality, disease, and low vigor characteristics, leading to many ideas for developing true shallot seed (TSS). TSS planting material advantage is the use of less seed, it can be said maintenance would be easier, minimization of seed-borne diseases, and has a fairly long shelf life compared to seed tubers. It is hoped that improved pollination through modification of Hand Artificial Pollination can replace or increase the success of flowers into fruit and be followed by the formation of true seeds or True Shallot Seed (TSS) of the biru lancor variety of red onion in the lowland. The research aims to analyze the treatment of Hand Artificial Pollination in replacing insect pollination in the production of true seed (TSS) of the lancor blue variety in the Lowlands. The research method was to prepare the bulbs of the biru lancor variety shallots given vernalization treatment by storing in the refrigerator (showcase) at temperatures of 5°C, 10°C, and room temperature for 4 weeks. Furthermore, the tuber seeds after undergoing vernalization are planted. Research results show vernalization with a temperature of 10°C has no significant effect compared to tubers without vernalization. Vernalization with 5°C temperature can increase flowering and fruit formation (number of umbels per clump, number of flowers per umbel, number of fruit per umbel), viability, and pollen count, production of TSS seeds (number of seeds per umbel, seed weight per umbel, seed weight per clump).

Transplanting Hybrid Potato Seedlings at Increased Densities Enhances Tuber Yield and Shifts Tuber-Size Distributions

AbstractTo contribute to the development of a novel cropping system for potato grown from greenhouse-derived seedlings from hybrid true potato seeds, planting density trials were carried out under normal Dutch agronomic conditions. For two consecutive years, 5-week-old seedlings of two experimental genotypes were transplanted into farmers’ potato production fields at two contrasting locations: a flat-bed system on sandy soil and a traditional ridge system on clay soil. Planting densities were 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 and 200 plants/m2 in the flat-bed system, and 3.125, 4.688, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50 plants/m2 in the ridge system. In general, increasing planting density of hybrid seedlings per area decreased tuber fresh weight per plant and reduced the number of tubers per plant. On a per hectare basis, an increased planting density resulted in increased total tuber yield and number of tubers up to very high densities, but finally both parameters levelled off. Highest total tuber yields harvested were 107 and 45 Mg/ha for the flat-bed and ridge system, respectively. On flat-beds, the optimal planting density for total yield was 50 plants/m2. On ridges, planting density interacted with year and genotype, resulting in an optimum planting density of 25 plants/m2 to reach the maximum total yield. Obtained yields in the commercial size classes Baby Baker (20 &lt; size class ≤ 35 mm) and Seed Tubers (28 &lt; size class ≤ 50 mm) were in general very high on the flat-beds, with a maximum Seed Tuber yield of 64 Mg/ha at 50 plants/m2. The current study showed that transplanted hybrid seedlings are feasible alternatives for seed-tuber-grown systems for certain potato outlets.