Sedentary Activities Research Articles

Longitudinal tracking of diet quality from childhood to adolescence: The Interplay of individual and sociodemographic factors

This study aimed to examine diet tracking from childhood to adolescence, using 4 time-points, and the influence of socioeconomic and individual characteristics in this transition. The sample included 6893 children from the Portuguese birth cohort Generation XXI with complete information on Food Frequency Questionnaire in at least one of the considered follow-ups. A Healthy Eating Index (HEI), previously developed to assess adherence to WHO's dietary recommendations, was applied at all ages (4, 7, 10 and 13y). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to analyse the tracking of diet quality. Linear mixed-effect models were performed to estimate the association of the child's socioeconomic and individual characteristics with the HEI score and respective trajectories over time. The overall diet quality decreased from childhood (22.2 ± 3.6 at 4y) to adolescence (18.2 ± 3.9 at 13y), with moderate tracking (ICC = 0.53), showing that children who start a healthy diet earlier might have a better diet quality as time goes by. Children of older mothers (β = 0.079, 95%CI = 0.061–0.097) and with higher education (β = 0.203, 95%CI = 0.178–0.229) and a higher household monthly income (β = 0.024,95%CI = 0.007–0.041) had a higher diet quality over time. Besides family characteristics, the child's sedentary activities (β = −0.009, 95%CI = −0.014–-0.003) negatively influence diet quality throughout life. In contrast, being a girl (β = −0.094, 95%CI = −0.132–-0.056) and having higher sleep duration (β = 0.039, 95%CI = 0.015–0.064) are associated with a higher diet quality over time. The presence of dietary tracking from childhood to adolescence implies that promoting healthy eating habits during the first years of life is crucial for a healthier diet quality during late childhood and early adolescence, focusing on maternal and individual child characteristics.

Associations of habitual sedentary time with executive functioning and short-term memory in 7th and 8th grade adolescents

BackgroundWhile there is increasing evidence for negative physical health consequences of high volumes of sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time in adolescents, the association with cognition is less clear. This study investigated the association of volumes of habitual sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time with executive functions and short-term memory in adolescents.MethodsThis study has a cross-sectional observational study design. Volumes of sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time (accumulated sedentary time spent in bouts of ≥ 30 min) were measured using the Axivity AX3 accelerometer. Six cognitive functions (spatial and verbal short-term memory; and working memory, visuospatial working memory, response inhibition and planning as executive functions) were measured using six validated cognitive assessments. Data were analysed using generalised linear models.ResultsData of 119 adolescents were analysed (49% boys, 13.4 ± 0.6 year). No evidence for an association of volumes of sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time with spatial and verbal short-term memory, working memory, and visuospatial working memory was found. Volumes of sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time were significantly related to planning. One hour more sedentary time or prolonged sedentary time per day was associated with respectively on average 17.7% (95% C.I.: 3.5–29.7%) and 12.1% (95% C.I.: 3.9–19.6%) lower scores on the planning task.ConclusionsNo evidence was found for an association of volumes of habitual sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time with short-term memory and executive functions, except for planning. Furthermore, the context of sedentary activities could be an important confounder in the association of sedentary time and prolonged sedentary time with cognition among adolescents. Future research should therefore collect data on the context of sedentary activities.Trial registrationThis study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov in January 2020 (NCT04327414; released on March 11, 2020).

Characteristics of non-exercise activity thermogenesis in male collegiate athletes under real-life conditions.

Athletes experience high total energy expenditure; therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of the components contributing to this expenditure. To date, few studies have examined particularly the volume and activity intensity of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) in athletes compared to non-athletes under real-life conditions. This study aimed to determine the volume and intensity of NEAT in collegiate athletes. Highly trained Japanese male collegiate athletes (n = 21) and healthy sedentary male students (n = 12) participated in this study. All measurements were obtained during the athletes' regular training season under real-life conditions. NEAT was calculated using metabolic equivalent (MET) data using an accelerometer. The participants were asked to wear a validated triaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days. Physical activity intensity in NEAT was classified into sedentary (1.0-1.5 METs), light (1.6-2.9 METs), moderate (3.0-5.9 METs), and vigorous (≥6 METs) intensity. NEAT was significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes (821 ± 185 kcal/day vs. 643 ± 164 kcal/day, p = 0.009). Although there was no significant difference in NEAT values relative to body weight (BW) between the groups (athletes: 10.5 ± 1.7 kcal/kg BW/day, non-athletes: 10.4 ± 2.2 kcal/kg BW/day, p = 0.939), NEAT to BW per hour was significantly higher in athletes than in non-athletes (0.81 ± 0.16 kcal/kg BW/h vs. 0.66 ± 0.12 kcal/kg BW/h, p = 0.013). Athletes spent less time in sedentary and light-intensity activities and more time in vigorous-intensity activities than non-athletes (p < 0.001, p = 0.019, and p = 0.030, respectively). Athletes expended more energy on vigorous- and moderate-intensity activities than non-athletes (p = 0.009 and p = 0.011, respectively). This study suggests that athletes' NEAT relative to BW per day is similar to that of non-athletes, but athletes spend less time on NEAT, which makes them more active in their daily lives when not exercising and sleeping.

Physical activity intensity classification during activities of daily living in older adults using accelerometers: Is the ear the new wrist?

Introduction&#x0D; Accurate measurement of physical activity (PA) in older adults is important, both in health research and personalized prevention. Accelerometers, used to overcome the limitations of self-reporting, were initially worn on the hips, but are increasingly worn on the non-dominant wrist. While this can improve wear compliance, the accuracy of PA intensity classification can be compromised. Given the high prevalence of mild to severe hearing loss in the older population, this study explores a novel approach: integrating an accelerometer into a hearing aid (ear sensor). We aimed to assess its accuracy and compare it to research-grade sensors worn at different locations.&#x0D; Methods 60 middle-aged to older adults (64.0 ± 8.0 years, 48% women) were included in this study. Each subject performed 12-13 different activities, which were pseudo-randomly selected from a list of 33 activities of daily living. Each activity lasted 8 min and included sedentary activities (e.g., lying, playing cards) low-intensity activities (e.g., hanging laundry), activities of changing intensity or without physical displacement (e.g., yoga, squats), indoor activities related to locomotion (e.g., walking, running), outdoor activities (e.g., walking uphill, cycling), and activities with aids (e.g., walking with a stroller). Oxygen consumption was measured via indirect calorimetry and used to classify activity intensity into sedentary behavior (SB, metabolic equivalent of task [MET] &lt; 1.5), light intensity PA (LPA, 1.5 ≤ MET &lt; 3.0), or moderate to vigorous intensity PA (MVPA, MET ≥ 3.0). The ear sensor was placed behind the left ear, while the research-grade sensors were placed on both wrists and ankles, on the hip, chest, and forehead. Estimation of PA intensity classes was done using mean amplitude deviations and ROC analyses. Contingency tables were used to determine classification accuracy.&#x0D; Results&#x0D; Overall accuracy of the ear sensor was 82.6%, performing better than both wrists (left 81.1%, right 76.0%) and both ankles (left 81.1%, right 81.9%), but worse than the forehead (83.6%), hip (85.6%) and the chest (85.9%). ROC analyses show that all sensors can effectively discriminate between sedentary vs. non-sedentary activities (AUC 0.97-0.98, exception ankles: AUC 0.95-0.96) and between MVPA vs. other (AUC 0.96-0.97, exception wrists: AUC 0.89-0.92).&#x0D; Discussion/Conclusion&#x0D; This study is the first to show that an accelerometer integrated into a hearing aid can accurately classify PA intensity and differentiate MVPA and sedentary behavior in older adults. It also confirms previous investigations showing that wrist-worn sensors – although increasingly being used to monitor PA – are less effective in capturing MVPA compared to sensors worn closer to the center of mass (including the head/ear in our study). Although the optimal wear site in older adults is a subject of ongoing debate, our data shows that a sensor integrated into a hearing aid offers a promising balance of classification accuracy and (possibly) user compliance. Further studies should explore integrating in-ear heart rate monitoring to enhance accuracy even further.

Determinants promoting and hindering physical activity in primary school children in Germany: a qualitative study with students, teachers and parents.

Determinants affecting children's physical activity (PA) at an early age are of particular interest to develop and strengthen strategies for increasing the levels of children's PA. A qualitative study was conducted to investigate the views of primary school-aged children, their teachers and parents regarding barriers and facilitators to engage in PA. Focus groups were conducted separately with primary school children, parents and teachers in a city in Northern Germany between October 2021 and January 2022. The semi- structured focus groups with children and teachers took part in person within school, whereas the focus groups with parents took place online. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis. During analysis, the socio-ecological model was identified as useful to map the determinants mentioned and was consequently applied to organize the data. Teachers (n = 10), parents (n = 18) and children (n = 46) of five primary schools in Germany participated in the focus groups. Participants of the three groups identified similar barriers and facilitators of PA in primary school-aged children, ranging across all four layers of the socio-ecological model. The barriers encountered were the preferences of children for sedentary activities (individual characteristics), the preference of parents to control their child's actions (microsystem), a lack of financial resources from parents and long sitting times in class (mesosystem), and barriers related to rainy weather and Covid-19 restrictions (exosystem). Facilitators mentioned were the childrens' natural tendency to be active (individual characteristics), involvement and co-participation of parents or peers in engaging in PA, support provided by teachers and the school (microsystem), living in rural areas, having sufficient facilities and favorable weather conditions (exosystem). A range of determinants promoting and hindering PA, ranging across all layers of the socio-ecological model were identified by children, parents and teachers in this study. These determinants need to be kept in mind when developing effective PA intervention programs for primary school-aged children. Future interventions should go beyond individual characteristics to also acknowledge the influence of childrens' social surrounding, including parents, peers and teachers, and the wider (school) environment.

Measurement of Physical Activity Among Hospitalized Older Adults Living With Dementia.

The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to describe physical activity and the factors associated with physical activity among older adults living with dementia on medical units in acute care settings. Measures included accelerometry data from the MotionWatch 8, behavioral and psychological symptoms associated with dementia, use of psychotropic medications, subjective reports of activities of daily living and other types of physical activity (e.g., walking to the bathroom, participating in therapy), delirium severity, and medications. The majority of the 204 participants were White (70%) and female (62%), with a mean age of 83 years. Over 24 hours of assessment, participants engaged in 15 ( SD = 46) minutes of vigorous activity, 43 ( SD = 54) minutes of moderate activity, 2 hours 50 ( SD = 2) minutes of low-level activity, and 20 ( SD = 3) hours of sedentary activity. Subjective walking activities, toileting, evidence of disinhibition, delirium severity, agitation, and use of psychotropic medications were associated with increased physical activity based on the MotionWatch 8. The findings provide information for rehabilitation nurses regarding factors associated with physical activity among patients with dementia admitted to acute care settings as well as some of the challenges associated with measurement of physical activity. Future research needs to continue to explore the impact of behavioral symptoms associated with dementia on physical activity and increase participation in activities that are functionally relevant.

Multi-strain probiotic improves subjective sleep quality with no impact on body composition, hemodynamics, and physical activity.

The objective of the study was to examine the impact of a multi-strain probiotic (MSP) on sleep, physical activity, and body composition changes. We used a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled approach with 70 healthy men and women (31.0± 9.5 years, 173.0± 10.4cm, 73.9± 13.8kg, 24.6± 3.5kg/m2) supplemented daily with MSP (4× 109 live cells Limosilactobacillus fermentum LF16, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR06, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP01, and Bifidobacterium longum 04; Probiotical S.p.A., Novara, Italy) or placebo (PLA). In response to supplementation (after 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of supplementation) and 3 weeks after stopping supplementation, participants had subjective (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI) and objective sleep indicators, body composition, daily physical activity and resting hemodynamics assessed. Subjective sleep quality indicators using the PSQI (sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and global PSQI score) improved ( P < 0.05) at various time points with MSP supplementation. Systolic blood pressure in PLA increased ( P < 0.05) after 6 weeks of supplementation with no change in MSP. No changes ( P > 0.05) in sleep (hours asleep, minutes awake, number of times awake) or physical activity (step count, minutes of sedentary activity, total active minutes) metrics assessed by the wearable device were observed. Additionally, no changes in resting heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, and body composition were discerned. In conclusion, MSP supplementation improved the subjective ability to fall asleep faster and disturbances experienced during sleep, which resulted in improved overall sleep quality as assessed by the PSQI. No differences in other sleep indicators, physical activity, hemodynamics, and body composition were observed during or following MSP supplementation. Registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05343533.

The effectiveness of auricular neuromodulation in childhood and adolescent obesity

detrimental to a child's health. This condition predominantly stems from an interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Key contributors include unhealthy dietary habits, insufficient physical activity, and prolonged engagement in sedentary activities, such as excessive use of mobile phones, computers, and television. Childhood obesity predisposes individuals to a spectrum of health complications, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and respiratory disorders. Additionally, it is associated with various psychological and social challenges. The rising prevalence of childhood obesity underscores its seriousness as a growing public health concern, with long-term implications for the health and well-being of affected children. Results: The review identified four surveys that met the predefined outcomes. These studies provided substantial evidence supporting the use of auricular neuromodulation in addressing childhood obesity. Each of the four studies was a randomized clinical trial, focusing on children and adolescents who underwent auricular neuromodulation. This procedure involved the use of vaccaria (plant seeds), metal pellets and mustard seeds. The participants in this study were divided into two subgroups. The first group received intervention with the use of vaccaria and the second group was the control group where there was no intervention. This design facilitated the comparison of the given intervention against alternative treatments. The primary outcome measures included anthropometric parameters and assessments of body image, self-esteem, and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Recent studies have demonstrated that auricular neuromodulation using vaccaria seeds, mustard seeds and metal pellets yields positive results in treating childhood obesity. This conclusion is based on anthropometric outcome measures. These findings suggest that such neuromodulation techniques can be a viable option in the physiotherapeutic treatment of obesity in children and adolescents.

P1136 Relationship between occupation and Inflammatory Bowel Disease’s activity in newly diagnosed patients

Abstract Background It is well known that occupational activity can affect health. The association between type of work and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) has been studied previously, but the studies on the topic are scarce and they do not have studied the relationship with clinical activity of the disease. The aim of this study is to elucidate if the type of work is a risk factor for the disease activity and severity in recently diagnosed IBD patients. Methods An observational prospective study including incident cases of patients with IBD diagnosed between June 2020 and September 2022 in the area of Santiago de Compostela was developed. Type of work, divided into white collar and blue-collar, sedentariness at work divided into high activity, moderate activity and sedentary activity according to the classification of occupational activity categories using accelerometry, and place of work divided into indoor and outdoor, time at work and contact with animals at work was recorded. All cases were followed-up through one year to assess the evolution of the disease. Endoscopic index at one year from the diagnosis, analytic parameters, hospitalizations related with the disease during the period, treatments administered, and number and severity of flares (measured by Partial Mayo Score and Harvey- Bradshaw) were collected. To analyze the results, a logistic regression was used. Results 136 patients were included and followed their activity for a year. 68 (50%) were females. 78 (57.4%) had ulcerative colitis, 52 (38.2%) Crohn’s disease and 6 (4.4%) unclassified colitis. 30 patients (22.1%) had at least one flare during this time (23 had 1 flare, 5 two and 2 three), and 4 patients were primary non responders. 7 patients (5.2%) were hospitalized. Neither the type of job (white or blue collar), time at work (working hours per week), physical activity at work (sedentary work, moderate activity or high activity), working outdoor vs. indoor nor contact with animals at work were associated with hospitalization (all p&amp;gt;0.05). When contact with chemicals, solvents and dusts were analyzed, no statistically significant difference was found (p&amp;gt;0.05). Regarding the appearance of flares, high activity at work and working outside were protective factors of the appearance of a flare, with OR 0.1 (0.0 – 0.7) and 0.2 (0.1 – 0.8) respectively (Table 1).After stratifying results according to type of IBD, there were no statistically significant differences. Conclusion High activity jobs and working outside are protective factors for a flare appearance in patients with recent diagnosis of IBD. Type of job it is not related with risk of hospitalization.

P478 Fatigue, physical fitness, and physical activity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract Background Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) with a great impact on quality of life and work productivity. A better comprehension of the contributing factors to fatigue could potentially pave the way for more targeted and effective strategies for managing fatigue in IBD. Fatigue may be associated with lower levels of physical activity and reduced physical fitness. Yet, the interaction between these factors in IBD, measured with validated tests, is not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between fatigue and physical fitness and physical activity in patients with IBD. Methods Adult patients with IBD in remission or with mild-to-moderate clinical disease activity with an ASA Physical Status &amp;lt;III were eligible for inclusion. Fatigue was defined as a Checklist Individual Strength-fatigue subscale score ≥35. Patient and clinical characteristics were collected, including age, sex, body mass index, comorbidities, disease duration, disease location and behavior, clinical and biochemical disease activity, smoking status, previous intestinal resection, and medication use. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess the oxygen uptake at peak exercise (VO2peak). Muscular strength (peak torque at 60°/s) and endurance (fatigue rate as percentage decline in peak torque over 30 repetitions at 180°/s) of the knee extensor and flexor muscles were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Objective physical activity data were collected continuously for seven consecutive days utilizing the MOX accelerometer, with activities categorized into sedentary, standing, light (LPA), moderate (MPA), and vigorous physical activity (VPA) levels. Results In total, 50 patients were included, with 17 being classified as fatigued. Fatigued patients had significantly higher BMIs, a higher frequency of clinical disease activity, and a higher prevalence of smoking (Table 1). They also exhibited significantly lower VO2peak (mean [±SD] 28.1 [±7.9] vs. 36.0 [±9.8] mL·kg-1·min-1, p=0.007) and higher knee extensor fatigue rate (mean [±SD] 39.0% [±8.8] vs. 31.1% [±10.4], p=0.010) compared to non-fatigued patients. There was no statistical significant difference in physical activity between fatigued and non-fatigued patients. Conclusion Although physical activity did not differ between patients with and without fatigue, fatigued patients exhibited lower cardiorespiratory fitness and knee extensor muscular endurance. A larger population is needed to further investigate the influence of patient and disease characteristics on this relationship to work towards more targeted and effective strategies for managing fatigue in patients with IBD.

Effectiveness of Kendall Exercise for Forward Head Posture among IT Workers

Background: Forward head posture(FHP), or anterior head syndrome, is a condition where the head is positioned in frontof the body’s center of gravity. In this posture, the head is tilted forward and extended beyond its normal alignment withthe neck and spine. In a neutral position, the ear canal should align vertically with the shoulder, hip, and ankle. However,individuals with forward head posture have their head protruding forward, causing misalignment. This condition is becomingincreasingly common due to lifestyle factors such as sedentary activities, excessive screen time, and poor posture habits.It’s important to address forward head posture to prevent further complications. Corrective measures may include posturalexercises, ergonomic adjustments in workstations, and adopting proper posture habits in daily activities.Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of “Kendall’s exercise” among IT workers with FHP.Materials and Methods: A total of 50 subjects were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and consent wasobtained from participants. Cranio-vertebral angle and the Neck Disability Index were assessed as pre and post-test.Results: The statistical examination of the forward head revealed a statistical significance between the pre and post intervention.Conclusion: The study concluded that “Kendall’s exercise” had improved forward head posture among IT workers, theseexercises may be useful in correcting the forward-facing posture.

Examining the hazards of sedentary behavior: An overview of the risks of screen-based sedentary behavior

Screen-based sedentary behaviors (SSB) has become a particularly concerning subset of sedentary behavior. With the rapid advancement of technology, screens have become an integral part of our daily lives. However, the potential health impacts that accompany this trend demand our attention. Increasing evidence suggests that screen-based sedentary behavior, as opposed to traditional sedentary activities like reading, has more severe implications for health. Prolonged SSB in children and adolescents is associated with poorer physical fitness and cardiovascular health, and it poses a higher risk of obesity compared to traditional sedentary behavior. The World Health Organizations sedentary behavior guidelines emphasize the importance of limiting SSB in children and adolescents (aged 5-17) and encouraging adults (aged 18-64) to reduce their screen-based sedentary time. Therefore, this review provides an overview of the health hazards (obesity, type 2 diabetes, mental health and sleep) associated with screen-based sedentary behaviour and its potential mechanisms of action. In addition, interventions to reduce SSB and their benefits are discussed and future research directions are suggested.

Accounting for the evolution of sedentarism on minimum dietary energy requirements

Estimates of food-insecure populations are biased upwards, lacking adjustment for global increases in sedentary behavior in recent decades. We construct a household model to account for sedentary choices during leisure and work time decisions. The model rationalizes increasing sedentary behavior from the household by accounting for increasing returns to cognitive human capital vs physical capital, alongside increased productivity of more sedentary activities both at work and at home. The household model informs an empirical model applied to our unique international pseudo-panel data on sitting time, proxy-ing for sedentarism. We econometrically estimate a transfer function linking sedentarism to widely available covariates and make out-of-sample predictions. It is applicable to most countries. The estimated sedentary time can be used to adjust the physical activity level reflected in the minimum dietary energy requirement used to determine a cutoff for food insecurity.

Reallocating time between device-measured 24-hour activities and cardiovascular risk in Asian American immigrant women: An isotemporal substitution model.

The 24-hour day consists of physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior, and sleep, and changing the time spent on one activity affects the others. Little is known about the impact of such changes on cardiovascular risk, particularly in Asian American immigrant (AAI) women, who not only have a higher cardiovascular risk but also place greater cultural value on family and domestic responsibilities compared to other racial/ethnic groups. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of reallocating 30 minutes of each 24-hour activity component for another on BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure in AAI women. Seventy-five AAI women completed 7 days of hip and wrist actigraphy monitoring and were included in the analysis (age = 61.5±8.0 years, BMI = 25.5±3.6 kg/m2, waist circumference = 85.9±10.2 cm). Sleep was identified from wrist actigraphy data, and moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), light PA, and sedentary behavior identified from hip actigraphy data. On average, the women spent 0.5 hours in MVPA, 6.2 hours in light PA, 10 hours in sedentary activities, and 5.3 hours sleeping within a 24-hour day. According to the isotemporal substitution models, replacing 30 minutes of sedentary behavior with MVPA reduced BMI by 1.4 kg/m2 and waist circumference by 4.0 cm. Replacing that same sedentary time with sleep reduced BMI by 0.5 kg/m2 and waist circumference by 1.4 cm. Replacing 30 minutes of light PA with MVPA decreased BMI by 1.6 kg/m2 and waist circumference by 4.3 cm. Replacing 30 minutes of light PA with sleep also reduced BMI by 0.8 kg/m2 and waist circumference by 1.7 cm. However, none of the behavioral substitutions affected blood pressure. Considering AAI women's short sleep duration, replacing their sedentary time with sleep might be a feasible strategy to reduce their BMI and waist circumference.

Risk Factors Of Ovarian Cancer Among The Postmenopausal Women

Background: Ovarian cancer ranks 5thin cancer deaths among women. A woman’s risk of getting ovarian cancer during her lifetime is about 1 in 75. Cancer mainly develops in older women.&#x0D; Methods: The case control study was carried out among 154 respondents in medical oncology department, NIRCH, Dhaka from July 2016 to June 2017. Among the participants, 77 were cases who had ovarian cancer and another 77 were controls who had no ovarian cancer. Convenient sampling technique was used and data were collected by face-to-face interview using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Data were entered on to the template of SPSS and analysis was done.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of case and control group were 60.06±7.00 and 59.89±6.96 years respectively. Highest number of respondents were illiterate. Majority came from rural area and had no personal monthly income. Most of them were taken high fiber diet, 83.1% in case and 77.9% in control group. About 80.5% in case and 66.2% in control group had BMI ≥25 kg/m2. Sedentary workers 40.3% in case and 13.0% in control group; moderate workers were 31.2% in case and 20.8% in control group and hard workers were 28.5% and 66.2% in case and control group respectively. The mean age of menarche 12.02±1.19 years and 12.87±1.30 years in case and control group respectively and mean age of menopause in case and in control groups respectively 51.54±2.39 and 49.61±1.29 years. In case group 49.3% had early term pregnancy whereas in control group 9.5% had early term pregnancy; in case group 82.1% and in control group 86.5% had breast feeding history. Around 16.9% in case group and 27.3% in control group used to take OCP. Significantly more respondents 6.5% in case group had personal H/O breast cancer than control group. Positive family history of breast and ovarian cancer was found 16.9% in case group and 2.6% in control group. In binary logistic regression analysis for risk factors of OC was found that sedentary activity was associated with increased risk, increased BMI (≥25 kg/m2), early age of menarche (≤12 years), late age of menopause (&gt;51 years), nullipara and early term pregnancy. Family H/O breast or ovarian cancer significantly associated with development of ovarian cancer.&#x0D; Conclusion: Ovarian cancer observed more in older age group (≥60 years) among sedentary worker with high body mass index (≥25 kg/m2). Early age of menarche (≤12 years), late menopause (&gt;50 years), never having given birth to a child in life time, early term of pregnancy and family history of breast and ovarian cancer were significantly associated with ovarian cancer among post-menopausal women.&#x0D; JOPSOM 2021; 41(2):28-35

Physical Activity Pattern among Undergraduate Medical Students in a Rural Medical College in Southkerala: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Physical inactivity is the prime contributor to one –third of the world’s adult population’s noncommunicablediseases. Doctors, in spite of their knowledge regarding the benefits, often find it hard to stick toa proper exercise regime and follow their own advice. This could be due to habits they picked up during theircollege years. The present study aims to estimate the proportion of physical activity among MBBS students of arural medical college in Kerala using WHO’s GPAQ questionnaire (Global Physical Activity Questionnaire) andalso to determine the factors associated with their physical activity pattern.Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students ofa private medical college in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, from December 2021 to April 2022. Physical activitypatterns were assessed using the WHO’s Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. An online questionnaire usingKobo Toolbox was developed and shared to record their physical activity patterns .Results: A total of 341 students participated in the study. The study showed that only 25% of students achievedabove 600 METs (Metabolic equivalents) and had adequate physical activities. The mean duration of hours spenton sedentary activities on average per day by the study participants was 6.75 hours (SD 3.6). Among the 341students, 78 (22.8%) reported that they were unable to do physical activities. The reasons for unable to do physicalactivities were study burden 48 (61%), engaging in other activities 35(44.8%), lack of motivation 22 (28.2%), lack offacilities 19 (24.5%), health issues 18 (23%) and environmental barriers 5 (6.5%),. Among the students with aboveaverage screen time, 71% of them were found to be physically inactive. and was found to be statistically significant.Conclusion: Medical institutions should have an adequate environment for physical activity. It is ideal to appointa physical education trainer and allot mandatory time for physical activities for a few hours every week. Studentsmust be encouraged to reduce time spent glued to their mobile screens. Hostels must have properly maintainedand easily accessible exercise areas with adequate equipment. Health awareness programs and marathons mustbe promoted.

A34: Factors to Indicate Overweight for Youth from 5-11-Year-Old

Purpose: According to the World Health Organization, obesity has nearly tripled since 1975 in the U.S. (Obesity, n.d.). Considerable research was done to find reasons to deal with obesity. In last 10 year’s obesity related research, the major focuses were metabolic syndrome, physical activity, and eating disorder. In this study, two subsets of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013-2014 NHANES) were used to test what variables were critical to indicate overweight of youth from 5- to 11-year-old. Dietary subset reflected nutrients obtained from foods, beverages, and water. Physical activity subset based on the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, meanwhile, including questions related to daily activities, leisure time activities, and sedentary activities. No obesity classification but Body Mass Index (BMI) was in the dataset. According to CDC, a high BMI can indicate high body fatness (CDC, 2022), which is related to overweight and obesity. BMI was selected as our dependent variable. Methods: Considering the relationship of some features and BMI was highly non-linear, tree regression was applied to analyze the data. R studio was used as the platform to grow trees. 1383 observations of 12 variables of physical activity subset, 1020 observations of 15 variables of dietary subset, and 934 observations of 24 variables of mix subset obtained after data was cleaned were put into analysis. After growing the trees, pruning was done to obtain a subtree with the lowest test error rate. Results: For dietary subset, age was critical to construct the tree. 2 terminal nodes indicated BMI equaled to 17.05 and 19.82 for age less or larger than 8.5, respectively. For physical activity subset, variables of age and days of daily physically active over 60 minutes in a week contributed to tree construction. It’s outstanding that for youth age above 10.5, physically active days in a week popped out, BMI equaled to 23.02 and 20.25 for it less than 6.5 and larger than 6.5, respectively. The pattern of mixed subset was like dietary subset, age outstand. BMI equaled 17.36 and 19.72 for age less and larger than 8.5, respectively. Conclusion: For youth age from 5-11, daily nutrients intake played less important role than age in overweight indication. However, physical activity threw significant influence after youth age over 10. To be physically active for at least 60 minutes daily is important and reasonable to take into consideration when to intervene with youth who are overweight and obese with physical activity after 10.

Razredna nastava fizičkog vaspitanja i njen doprinos fizičkim aktivnostima učenika

The aim of this paper is to review the place and significance of physical education (PE) classes in the younger grades of primary school, both within the physical education system and the educational system in general. The contribution of such organized teaching to pupils' physical activities and the possibility for them to be physically active on a daily basis will be pointed out. Additionally, the intention of this paper is to emphasize the necessity of regular physical activity, particularly at the younger school age, and the numerous positive effects that that participation in these activities produce for the body. The World Health Organization recommends 60 minutes of moderate to intense physical activity every day. Unfortunately, data indicate that a significant percentage of children and adolescents fail to meet even the recommended minimum, with physical activity levels showing a tendency to decline with age, and sedentary lifestyles being prevalent among this population. Insufficient physical activity can also result in negative impacts on health status. Given its purpose and broad reach, the school is one of the key points for implementing certain interventions in order to overcome these problems. The teacher's daily interaction with pupils during school hours inevitably aids in understanding their personalities, enabling the structuring of relevant and engaging content that would provide incentives for regular physical activity of various types and levels. This is precisely where the "power" of homeroom teaching of PE lies, as the content of physical activities can be applied throughout the entire school environment, not solely confined to PE classes. With ongoing monitoring of pupils' progress throughout the whole teaching process, there is an opportunity for faster identification of children at an increased risk of engaging in sedentary activities, allowing for targeted interventions to be implemented.

Use of Internet and Its Influence on Health: A Study on the Postgraduate Students of Assam University Article Sidebar

In recent years, the usage of the Internet has increased dramatically among young adults. As Internet use is mostly a sedentary activity, spending too much time on internet may lead to a range of health issues such as obesity, heart disease, diabetes, postural deformity and eye problems. The present study conducted on 592 postgraduate students of Assam University Silchar aims to find out the influence of internet use on the physical health of the respondents. The objectives of the study are to find the extent of internet use among the respondents, to study the awareness of the respondents about the physical health issues associated with the use of smartphones and internet, and to explore the relationship between the extent of internet use and their self-reported physical health problems. A mixed method approach has been adopted to realize the objectives of the present study. The result indicates that most of the respondents are moderate users of internet. Also, most of the respondents are aware of the health problems associated with the use of smartphones and internet. There is a significant relationship between the extent of internet use and the frequency of occurrence of the self-reported physical health problems of the respondents.

Association of sociodemographic, anthropometric, and sleep quality factors with accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times among Emirati working women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

Although a significant lack of physical activity has been linked to an increase in obesity among Emirati women, the factors associated with accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times in Emirati women remain unclear. To explore the association of accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times with sociodemographic, anthropometric, and sleep quality factors among Emirati working women. A cross-sectional study. A convenience sample of 163 healthy working Emirati women aged 18-45 years was used. Sedentary and physical activity times were measured using the Fibion accelerometers worn on the thighs for 4-7 days. General demographic information, anthropometric measurements, and self-reported sleep quality (Pittsburgh sleep quality index score) were collected. Only participants who had valid data (i.e. wear time of ⩾600 min (10 h) per day for a minimum of 4-7 days) were evaluated. All values were normalized to a 16-h day to mitigate differences in wear time among the participants. Overall, 110 Emirati women were included. The mean sitting time per 16-h day was 11.6 ± 1.1 h; mean moderate activity time per day, 40.88 ± 17.99 min; and mean vigorous activity time per day, 2.41 ± 1.21 min. Longer sitting time was associated with high body fat, secondary education, and divorce. Sitting time was reduced in those with good sleep quality. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity time was increased in women with postgraduate education and was decreased in women with a longer work experience and with comorbidities. The total activity time increased with increasing age and good sleep quality, whereas it decreased with increasing body fat, presence of at least one comorbidity, secondary education, and divorce. Certain demographic, anthropometric, and sleep quality factors were associated with accelerometer-measured sitting and physical activity times among Emirati working women. Future longitudinal studies should consider these factors when investigating predictors of physical activity levels in this population.