Nurses and midwives are providing care to a culturally diverse society. However, culture is a socially shared view and behavior practiced in a certain society and considered to be dynamic and not universal. This review seeks to analyze and synthesize evidence on cultural aspects of comfort in the perinatal period to provide definition of cultural maternal comfort in nursing and midwifery practice. An integrative review conducted following Whittemore and Knafl. Systematic searches in CINAHL and Scopus databases generated 10 studies for review. After all eligible articles had been identified, data extraction and inductive thematic analysis were performed. The cultural aspect of maternal comfort includes culturally effective communication, culturally supportive environment, cultural practice for physical symptom relief, cultural expectation of functionality, family and community involvement, and cultural safety and security. When health-care professionals, particularly nurses and midwives, understand a woman's cultural background, they promote trust, enhance communication, and ultimately improve childbearing and childbirth experiences.

ABSTRACT This article focuses on food diplomacy at the intersection of Human Security and International Relations (IR). It argues that despite the post-Cold War emphasis on ‘Freedom from Want’, food security remains deeply embedded in state-centric power politics. The study introduces the ‘Food Statecraft Spectrum’, a theoretical framework ranging from gastrodiplomacy (soft power) to coercive food diplomacy (hard power). Through a comparative analysis of Thailand’s ‘Global Thai’ campaign and the weaponization of grain during the Russia’s war against Ukraine, the article demonstrates how states manipulate global food systems to achieve strategic objectives—utilising attraction to foster interdependence or coercion to exploit vulnerabilities. The findings reveal a critical outcome: food is normatively treated as a human right but operationally managed as a strategic resource. This securitisation creates ethical challenges for international humanitarian standards, a dilemma expected to intensify amidst climate-induced scarcity. This research contributes to IR theory by bridging cultural diplomacy, nation branding and security studies.

ABSTRACT The rapidly changing digital landscape of higher education institutions (HEIs) has greatly increased the amount and nature of student-related information, thereby increasing the need for the protection of such information. However, despite the implementation of various regulations and security measures, there is a widening gap between the implementation of information governance and actual compliance behavior. This article aims to explore the impact of the four information governance dimensions of training and education, policy clarity, institutional support, and IT security culture on the compliance behavior of HEIs in Saudi Arabia. A mixed-methods approach is employed in the study, and the results of the survey conducted on 400 participants have been analyzed. The results of the quantitative part of the study indicate a positive correlation among the four information governance dimensions and compliance behavior. In fact, the results show a positive correlation of 61.0 percent for the four information governance dimensions and compliance behavior. The results of the quantitative part of the study also show that training and education and policy clarity have the most impact on compliance behavior, with the coefficients standing at 0.352 and 0.347, respectively.

Rice is a fundamental dietary staple that embodies cultural identity, culinary diversity, food security and economic stability, providing a significant portion of daily caloric intake for considerable portion of world populace. However, vulnerability of rice crops to various leaf diseases poses a considerable concern to its productivity and quality, which in turnemphasizes the need for an effective disease prediction technique. This research focuses on prompt detection of pathogenic threats to paddy leaves through image analysis. The inputs are pre-processed using an Adaptive Gabor Filter (AGF), for improving the quality and reducing the noise from the image. Subsequently, using a Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG), the extraction of relevant disease-related information is assured. For the classification stage, an OptimizedCapsule Networks (CapsNet) is employed for identifying diseases affecting paddy foliage with high accuracy. The proposed CapsNet achieves improved generalization and robustness by integrating the Glow Worm Swarm Algorithm (GWSA) for parameter optimization. In addition to disease prediction, the proposed system integrates a Fertilizer-Based Disease Management (FBDM) approach, which suggests precise fertilization strategies based on the identified disease. By analysing disease symptoms, the system recommends optimal nutrient applicationssuited to enhance plant resistance and recovery. This integration of disease prediction with precision agriculture techniques enables site-specific fertilizer application, preventing overuse and reducing environmental impact.

The study presented in the article is devoted to the analysis of management mechanisms for formation of information security culture in the digital educational environment of higher educational institutions. Digital transformation actualizes the problem of protecting personal data, ensuring continuity of the educational process under cyber threats, developing staff competencies. The education sector demonstrates high vulnerability due to insufficient staff training. The purpose of the study is to develop an integrated model for managing information security culture based on systematic development of personnel competencies. The methodological basis consisted of an institutional approach to organizational culture, the concept of human resource management in the digital economy, competency-based approach. The empirical base included a survey of 130 employees of educational organizations in Moscow, analysis of regulations of 12 universities, expert interviews with security service heads. Timeframe of the study: January—November 2025. The survey results showed that 74.6 % of respondents are insufficiently aware of information protection, 62.3 % do not possess phishing recognition skills. Model implementation increased information literacy by 41.8 %, reduced incidents by 37.5 %. A correlation was established between information security culture and loyalty to digital transformations (r = 0.71). The theoretical significance of the research lies in the development of concepts for the formation of an information security in the digitalization of education, its practical value lies in improving personnel management and increasing the resilience of educational organizations to cyber threats.

Abstract Reef fisheries underpin the economy, culture, and food security of Indo-Pacific island nations, yet many target species are depleted due to inadequate management. Despite its reputation as a regional leader in fisheries management, Palau has experienced declines among key reef fish species, necessitating a comprehensive stock status assessment amid ongoing discussions to lift the national export ban. Conventional stock assessments are not feasible for most species due to limited data. To address this, we compiled life history information and applied data-limited, length-based stock assessment methods across 32 parameter scenarios. Analyses were based on a decade of fishery-dependent landing data (2014–2024) for 45 key species, with comparisons to historical landings (1976–1991) to evaluate changes in catch composition. Using Length-Based Spawning Potential Ratio as the primary assessment method, we found most species are in poor condition: 24.4% classified as “Depleted”, 51.1% “Vulnerable”, and 17.8% “Depleting”. Only 6.7% met criteria for “Sustainable” status (spawning potential ratio > 40% of unfished levels and a fishing mortality below natural mortality). Landings data indicate a clear shift from historically dominant large-bodied species to smaller taxa, reflecting target species depletions and regulatory changes. Despite life history parameters uncertainty, results were robust across alternative length-based approaches and consistently indicated widespread stock depletion. These findings highlight an urgent need for stronger management, including effective size limits, the protection of spawning aggregations, and retention of the export ban. Lifting the ban would likely increase fishing pressure and further accelerate declines of Palau’s already depleted reef fish populations.

The article examines the problem of Internet addiction among young students as one of the current threats of the modern digital environment, which can negatively affect academic performance, psycho-emotional state and social activity of students. It is shown that in the conditions of active implementation of information and communication technologies in the educational process, the need for forming a culture of safe use of digital resources is increasing. Excessive use of the Internet leads to a decrease in concentration, disruption of work and rest, a decrease in the effectiveness of educational activities and the emergence of addictive behavior. The main factors of the formation of Internet addiction are analyzed, including emotional instability, increased anxiety, low self-esteem and the desire to avoid the difficulties of real life through immersion in virtual space. Approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "Internet addiction" in scientific research are considered, in particular the concepts of I. Goldberg and R. Davis, who define excessive use of the Internet as a form of behavioral addiction, characterized by loss of control over the time spent on the network and the emergence of negative psychological and social consequences. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of Internet addiction on students' academic performance and determine pedagogical approaches to the formation of safe and responsible digital behavior in the student environment. It is substantiated that the prevention of Internet addiction requires a comprehensive approach, which involves the formation of a culture of security in the digital environment, the development of digital competence, self-control skills and responsible use of information resources. It is determined that an important role in this process is played by higher education institutions, which can contribute to the creation of a safe educational environment, the organization of preventive measures and the provision of psychological support to students. Prospects for further research are related to the development of adaptive educational programs and the introduction of digital security elements into the educational process in order to form the resilience of students to the negative effects of the digital environment.

Abstract Traditional foods (often referred to as “country foods”) play a critical role in Indigenous culture, nutrition, food sovereignty and food security. Policies that prioritize store‐bought food are often viewed as undermining these foods. We provide evidence that two recent policy reforms that subsidize store‐bought food in the Northwest Territories do not appear to negatively impact traditional foods. Our analysis uses community surveys conducted in the Northwest Territories that measure the importance of consumption and production of traditional country food along several margins. Using a difference‐in‐differences methodology, we show that two transitions associated with the Nutrition North Canada subsidy program—the transition from Food Mail to Nutrition North from 2011 to 2012 and the expansion of subsidy eligibility to new communities in 2016—had a zero or positive impact on these outcomes. We use price and quantity data from multiple sources to provide evidence on mechanisms and find support for an interpretation based on country foods having a high income elasticity and low substitutability with store‐bought meat and other foods.

ABSTRACT Social engineering remains a critical cybersecurity threat by exploiting human psychology rather than technical weaknesses, a risk increasingly amplified by AI-driven deception such as deepfakes and automated phishing. This study develops a comprehensive human-centered resilience framework to help organizations anticipate, resist, and adapt to both traditional and AI-enabled attacks. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines a systematic literature review, multi-case analysis, and expert interviews, the findings show that social engineering is a psychologically driven, multi-stage process rooted in cognitive biases like authority, urgency, and fear, now scalable through AI. The study also identifies key organizational vulnerabilities, including security fatigue, weak security culture, and limitations of conventional training. In response, the proposed framework integrates adaptive behavioral conditioning, cultural reinforcement, and AI-augmented defenses, shifting cybersecurity from reactive compliance to proactive, capability-based resilience through human—AI collaboration.

This study elucidates the Kewadi sweet production from pandanus fruits (Pandanus leram) in the Nicobar Islands which represents a convergence of cultural heritage, food security and community resilience. Rooted in the indigenous knowledge of tribal people and also as a sustainable practice, Kewadi sweet production and consumption not only provides nutritional benefits but also fosters community strength and cultural identity among the Nicobarese tribe people. Despite facing challenges from modernization aspects and changing dietary preferences, the preservation and promotion of Kewadi sweet are crucial for maintaining this traditional delicacy and cultural legacy. Strategic policy initiatives that enhance value chains, promote market access and raise awareness of Kewadi’s cultural significance can bolster its production and consumption for a harmonious coexistence of tradition and modernity. By embracing and supporting traditional practices like Kewadi sweet preparation, we can ensure sustainability through local resource utilization systems, enhance food and nutritional security and foster the cultural richness in the Nicobar Islands. In this study, technical aspects of Kewadi sweet production were documented through one-on-one interviews with tribal community members, followed by a focus group discussion with key stakeholders. Using the SWOT-AHP framework, the study further analyzes and discusses the social and economic challenges and opportunities associated with the product.

Against the backdrop of global sustainable development and ecological civilization construction, tourism ecological security at cultural landscape heritage sites faces both opportunities and challenges. This study constructs a cultural landscape heritage tourism ecological security (CLHTES) evaluation system based on the Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response (DPSIR) framework. It dynamically assesses CLHTES in the Yangtze River Delta Integrated Demonstration Zone (YRDIDZ) from 2014 to 2023 using the entropy-weighted Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and linear stretching transformation, identifies obstacle factors with the obstacle degree model, and predicts CLHTES trends for 2024–2030 using a radial basis function (RBF) neural network. Results show that: (1) The CLHTES index in the YRDIDZ presented a three-stage fluctuating upward trend during 2014–2023, with medium-clustered security levels and divergent evolution across the DPSIR criteria layers; (2) CLHTES obstacles feature a multi-level differentiated structure, with rising barriers in D and P layers, the R layer as the future core obstacle, and high-frequency barriers concentrated in cultural and social indicators; (3) Under the assumption of structural continuity in current trajectories, the conditional trend projection suggests that the CLHTES index of the YRDIDZ may sustain a general upward tendency during 2024–2030, with a possibility of approaching Level Ⅶ after 2028; however, these projections should be interpreted as exploratory and scenario-like rather than as robust forecasts, given the short annual series and the absence of exogenous disturbance variables. This study explores tourism-ecology interactions from a social-ecological complex system perspective, supporting synergistic tourism development and ecological protection of cultural landscape heritage.

ABSTRACT Food security in rural agrarian regions is often approached through technical and economic interventions, overlooking the roles of language and culture as socio-ecological mechanisms. This study examines how the Dawan language and indigenous cultural practices contribute to food security in South Central Timor (TTS) Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, an area with persistently high stunting prevalence. Using a participatory qualitative approach integrating ethnolinguistics, cultural anthropology, and ecology, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The findings show that the Dawan language functions as a medium for transmitting agricultural knowledge, ecological indicators, and normative rules governing food production and storage. While cultural practices may persist amid language shift, the erosion of local language weakens the depth and adaptive logic of food knowledge. This study proposes a Holistic Preservation Model integrating linguistic documentation, cultural revitalization through education, and participatory policymaking to strengthen sustainable food security.

“Everything tastes different”: Cultural food security for syrian refugees in türkiye

Introduction. Safety culture in the nuclear industry is traditionally considered in relation to individual enterprises. However, in a situation where the key player – Rosatom State Corporation – organises its activities through an extensive network of partner organisations (contractors, suppliers, scientific and service structures), the task arises of transmitting uniform safety standards beyond the parent company. The objective of this study is to identify and systematise the mechanisms by which external regulatory requirements are transformed into sustainable internal practices of partner organisations, i.e. the mechanisms of habitualization of safety culture in the partner network. Methods. The study is conducted in a qualitative paradigm based on Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus, stakeholder theory, and the neo-institutional approach. The empirical basis is formed by Rosatom's corporate reports on safety, industry standards, and materials from relevant organisations. Results. Four key mechanisms of habitualization have been identified. First, normative and value structuring, in which safety values are consistently specified in policies, standards, and qualification requirements covering all network participants. Second, measurement transparency, where the introduction of a system of key indicators and public reporting creates an environment and data become the basis for decisions and feedback. Thirdly, investment routinisation, whereby the steady growth in occupational health and safety and environmental costs and their project detailing transform safety from a declaration into an integral part of the production budget. Fourth, responsibility for the entire life cycle, implemented through federal target programmes that allow partners to be involved in addressing issues related to heritage management, land rehabilitation and green practices. These mechanisms form a multi-level engagement system, where the depth of partner integration depends on their role – from basic contract compliance to strategic co-investment. Conclusions. The results obtained show that the formation of a unified security culture in a distributed network requires not only the enforcement of rules, but also the creation of conditions under which security becomes an integral part of the organisational habitus of partners.

This paper examines Poland's experience with extended deterrence across two pivotal historical junctures: the Solidarity Movement crisis (1980 - 1981) and the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian conflict (2022 - present). The analysis applies a comparative historical method supported by primary sources including declassified CIA documents and Politburo transcripts, alongside secondary academic literature and quantitative defense data. Poland's geopolitical position, shaped by centuries of partition, Soviet domination, and the trauma of the Molotov - Ribbentrop Pact, has produced a security culture defined by acute vulnerability and deep-seated reliance on external guarantors. During the Solidarity crisis, the Carter and Reagan administrations pursued a proactive deterrence strategy through explicit threats of sanctions, material support for the opposition, coordination with NATO allies, and exploitation of the Sino-Soviet rivalry. While the strategy successfully prevented direct Soviet military intervention, it failed to prevent the imposition of martial law in December 1981. Nevertheless, Solidarity's underground survival, sustained by continued Western support, ultimately contributed to Poland's democratic transition and the broader collapse of the Eastern Bloc. In the context of the Ukrainian conflict, Poland has evolved from a passive object of geopolitical competition into an assertive security actor, dramatically increasing its defense budget to over 3% of GDP, providing substantial military assistance to Ukraine, deepening U.S. military presence on its territory, and actively pursuing NATO nuclear sharing arrangements. The paper identifies strong strategic continuity in Poland's transatlantic orientation across both periods, while also identifying key limitations: excessive dependence on an external guarantor creates moral hazard, and intensified militarization risks deepening the security dilemma with Russia.

ABSTRACT This study examines language attitudes among Chinese ethnic minority students during multilingual transitions in higher education. Drawing on Baker's [(1992). Attitudes and language. Multilingual matters], Spolsky's [(2004). Language policy. Cambridge University Press], cultural security [Gao (2012). Imagined identity of ethnic Koreans and its implication for bilingual education in China. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 15(3), 343–353], and language capital [Bourdieu (1991). Language and symbolic power. Polity Press], it explores how heritage language maintenance concerns and strategic linguistic investment shape attitude formation. China's preparatory education for ethnic minorities offers a unique context for studying how students develop orientations toward Putonghua while negotiating identity concerns. Using Q methodology with 46 preparatory students, the study identifies four attitude patterns: Active Putonghua Learners, Pragmatic Language Users, Balanced Bilingual Supporters, and Practical Policy Supporters. Cultural security is operationalised through perceptions of identity threat and heritage validation; language capital through strategic investment in linguistic resources. Findings reveal that language attitudes emerge from complex interactions among policy environments, family language practices, and individual agency, mediated by cultural security and capital conversion strategies. This study bridges macro-level policy environments and micro-level individual agency, with implications for equitable multilingual education policy and practice.

The article is devoted to a philosophical analysis of the activities of the International Council for the Organiza-tion of Folklore Festivals and Folk Art (CIOFF) as a key institution for the preservation of intangible cultural her-itage in the era of globalization. The historical, social and cultural prerequisites for the emergence of CIOFF are being investigated. Based on the analysis of the organization and holding of international folklore festivals, including the World Folklore Olympiad, CIOFF’s role in maintaining cultural diversity and shaping cultural identi-ty is considered. Special attention is paid to the philosophical problem of the relationship between authenticity and adaptation of folklore in the modern cultural space, as well as the potential social and cultural risks of the organization’s activities. The article substantiates that CIOFF’s activities go beyond the narrow organizational function and acquire the importance of an important factor of cultural security and inter-civilizational dialogue. It is concluded that the organization is facing new challenges today related to the integration of folklore tradition into current cultural processes and countering unification.

he article examines the key directions in the development of Azerbaijan’s state language policy in the context of intensifying processes of globalization, digitalization, and transnational communication. In the 21st century, language is no longer perceived solely as a means of everyday communication; it increasingly acquires the status of a strategic resource associated with national identity, cultural security, and the geopolitical positioning of the state. In this context, the Azerbaijani language is analyzed as a central symbol of statehood and a factor in social cohesion. The study emphasizes that, on the one hand, global integration creates broad opportunities for international scientific, economic, and cultural cooperation; on the other hand, it intensifies the pressure exerted by dominant global languages, primarily English and Russian, on national languages. This situation generates risks of the functional displacement of the Azerbaijani language from key domains, including higher education, science, digital platforms, and business communication. The article demonstrates that the language policy of modern Azerbaijan is aimed at establishing a balance between openness to the world and the preservation of linguistic sovereignty. Particular attention is paid to the role of the state in regulating the linguistic space, notably through legislation, educational policy, the media sphere, and digital infrastructure. It is noted that the development of the Azerbaijani language in the 21st century requires not only normative protection but also active adaptation to new communicative environments, including the internet, artificial intelligence, and multimodal forms of communication. The language must be not only protected but also functionally competitive. In conclusion, it is argued that the sustainability of the Azerbaijani language under conditions of globalization is possible only through the integration of language policy with the state’s cultural, educational, and technological strategies. The preservation of linguistic sovereignty is viewed not as isolation but as conscious participation in global dialogue grounded in one’s own cultural and linguistic identity.

This study investigates employee cybersecurity behavior by examining the influence of organizational information security policies (ISPs), behavioral determinants, and dominant theoretical frameworks to address persistent human-related vulnerabilities in organizations. A systematic literature review was conducted across IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, Emerald Insight, ResearchGate, World Scientific, and ScienceDirect. From 244 non-duplicate records, 64 peer-reviewed studies met the inclusion criteria. To extend the review, secondary analysis of the BCCC–CIC–IDS2017 dataset (n = 579) was performed using structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that cybersecurity behavior is shaped by the interaction of psychological factors (perceived threat, vulnerability, self-efficacy, motivation), social influences (peer behavior, cues to action), and organizational conditions (security culture, policy clarity, training, enforcement). Protection Motivation Theory, Theory of Planned Behavior, Health Belief Model, and General Deterrence Theory are most frequently applied. Empirical analysis confirms that peer behavior and cues to action significantly enhance cybersecurity engagement, while prior experience increases perceived severity and vulnerability and reduces perceived barriers. The study concludes that human-centric and integrative behavioral models are essential for improving cybersecurity compliance. Practical implications suggest that organizations should prioritize awareness programs, managerial support, and culturally aligned ISPs to strengthen cybersecurity resilience beyond technical controls alone.

Much of India’s relation with its immediate neighbours is crucial to the Indian Foreign Policy and has security implications for it. India has always desired to have peaceful and stable relations with its neighbours. In his speech at the United Nations General Assembly in September, 2014, P.M. Narendra Modi emphasized that the Indian government gives it highest priority on maintaining a peacefully relation in its neighbourhood. He stated that “a nation’s destiny is linked to its neighbourhood”. With many of its neighbours India has had civilizational ties, religious and cultural exchanges and security linkages. Hence, they are vital for the regional security. However, many of these nations have always tried to maintain a policy of “safe distance” in order to avoid interdependence on India. As Marshall Singer puts it, “India is a major power and the paramount power in the region. Anything India does or does not do, in any situation, is going to have some impact on that situation”. China’s growing financial muscle has enabled it to expand its influence in the South Asian region, especially in the Indian neighbourhood through funding infrastructural projects. Thus, we observe Chinese creeping through developmental programs in South Asia. China is always known for its “tight fist” policy, it investment for the purpose of multiple gains- economic, strategic and monetary. China’s sudden benevolence towards India’s neighbours, perhaps is a plan of its geostrategic dimension towards India. This quandary can also be viewed through the prism of Indian mythological tradition, which may help in elucidating and finding resolution to it.