Seasonal Fluctuations In Abundance Research Articles

Individual and population‐level variation in susceptibility to temperature in early life history stages of giant kelp

AbstractBecause foundation species create structure in a community, understanding their ecological and evolutionary responses to global change is critical for predicting the ecological and economic management of species and communities that rely on them. Giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) is a globally distributed foundation species with seasonal fluctuations in abundance in response to local nutrient levels, storm intensity, and ocean temperatures. Here we examine genetic variation in individual and population‐level responses of early life history stages (zoospore settlement, survival, and gametogenesis) to increased temperatures to determine the potential for natural selection on temperature‐tolerant individuals that would allow adaptation to a changing climate. We collected fertile M. pyrifera sporophyll blades from three sites along the California coast (Los Angeles, Santa Barbara, Monterey Bay) and induced zoospore release in the lab. Spores settled on microscope slides at three treatment temperatures (16, 20, and 22°C), matured for 21 days, and were imaged weekly to determine settlement, survival, and maturation success. On average, individuals from all sites showed lower rates of settlement and maturation in response to increasing temperature. However, the magnitude of the responses to temperature varied among populations. Survival tended to increase with temperature in Los Angeles and Santa Barbara populations but decreased with increasing temperature for the Monterey Bay population. We observed little genetic variation in temperature responses among individuals within sites, suggesting little scope for evolution within populations to increase the resilience of M. pyrifera populations to warming ocean temperatures and predicted declines in kelp abundance. Yet sufficient dispersal among populations could allow for adaptation of early life history traits among populations via evolutionary rescue of declining populations.

Integration of empirical and modelled data unravels spatiotemporal distribution and connectivity patterns of Fuegian sprat early life stages

The distribution patterns of fish early life stages are critical to recruitment success and closely related to major oceanographic circulation patterns. We explored the spatiotemporal distribution of early life stages of Fuegian sprat Sprattus fuegensis, a key trophic species in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO), in a complex oceanographic setting. Samples were collected during austral spring, summer, and autumn, from 2014 to 2017, across areas with distinct biophysical properties between Tierra del Fuego (TDF) and the marine protected area ‘Namuncurá’ at Burdwood Bank (BB) (ca. 54°S). Results revealed significant seasonal fluctuations in abundance, distribution, and ontogenetic composition across habitats. High egg and early larval abundances at Isla de los Estados (IE) suggest it is an additional spawning ground to those previously identified at TDF and BB. However, only the latter appear to be suitable nursery areas. Particle-tracking simulations based on egg abundance and spawning dates were conducted for the first time using results from a high-resolution hydrodynamic model. Particle transport provides evidence of connectivity between IE and neighbouring areas—enhanced when horizontal diffusivity is incorporated into the model—but not between TDF and BB. Simulated distributions closely resembled empirical patterns from this and other studies, allowing the integration of empirical and modelled data to schematize the species’ dispersal pathways in the study area. These results offer new insights into distribution and connectivity patterns among spawning grounds and highlight the potential use of hydrodynamic models for future assessments of Fuegian sprat and other planktonic species’ dispersal and recruitment in the SWAO.

Mark-recapture estimates of seasonal abundance and survivorship for bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) near Charleston, South Carolina, USA

The stock structure of western North Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) is complex, with seasonally migratory stocks often overlapping with year-round resident stocks. High rates of exchange between northernmost sites have been documented but movement and seasonal fluctuation in abundance among sites along the southern portion of the US Atlantic coast is not well understood. To better understand seasonal abundance, a three-year mark-recapture study of bottlenose dolphins in coastal and estuarine waters near Charleston, South Carolina, USA was conducted. A robust design was employed in order to minimise bias and more precisely determine seasonal estimates of abundance and concurrently examine temporary immigration/emigration and survivorship. Systematic boat-based surveys were carried out (n = 192) from January 2004 to December 2006. The entire study area was surveyed one week per month; an additional survey was conducted in the months in which seasonal abundance was estimated: January (winter), April (spring), July (summer) and October (autumn). Standard photo-identification techniques were used to accumulate sightings of 521 distinctively marked dolphins, 65% of which were sighted more than once. Pollock’s robust design was applied using MARK and the ensuing abundance estimates were adjusted for the seasonal proportion of unmarked dolphins (ranging from 0.27 to 0.40) in the population. Estimates ranged from 364 (95% CI = 305–442) in January 2004 to 910 (95% CI = 819–1018) in October 2006. Summer abundance estimates were consistently greater than those from winter months, although estimates varied considerably among years. The same model was used to calculate an annual survival rate estimate of 0.951 (95% CI = 0.882–1.00) for marked individuals within the population. A high degree of transience, demonstrated by seasonal influxes of single-sighted individuals, made it difficult to differentiate between mortality and permanent emigration. The results support the occurrence of three distinct dolphin groups found in Charleston waters: year-round residents; seasonal residents; and transients. Reporting abundance and survivorship estimates together is useful in explaining and validating results for populations in which transient individuals occur. These results provide important information for stock and viability assessment of coastal bottlenose dolphins in the western North Atlantic.

Impact of climate change on the elevational and latitudinal distributions of populations of Tipulidae (Diptera) in Wales, United Kingdom

Abstract As dominant features of most ecosystems, insects are responsive to changes in climate, both over short temporal scales (e.g. seasonal fluctuations in abundance) and over longer evolutionary scales (e.g. decade-scale changes in patterns of biodiversity). One such taxonomic group that is sensitive to changing climate are the craneflies (Diptera: Tipulidae). Here, we used aggregated biodiversity data to examine elevational and latitudinal distributions of adult Tipulidae between 1976 and 2019 in Wales, UK, and we related these distributions to climatic patterns. Our analyses showed that species with earlier-emerging adults were most affected by weather conditions in the year before observation. Specifically, as temperature increased, observed elevation increased in high-precipitation conditions, remained stable in average-precipitation conditions and decreased in low-precipitation conditions. For species with later-emerging adults, associations were seen between elevation and weather conditions in the year of observation. Observed latitude generally exhibited a negative association with maximum temperature in the year before observation, with observations of Tipulidae trending southwards during the 43-year study period. Our results support consideration of emergence phenology, weather and habitat data when predicting species distributional changes attributable to climate change, which is vital in understanding the selection pressures that species face in a changing environment.

Jellyfish from Fisheries By-Catches as a Sustainable Source of High-Value Compounds with Biotechnological Applications.

The world’s population growth and consequent increased demand for food, energy and materials together with the decrease of some natural resources have highlighted the compelling need to use sustainably existing resources and find alternative sources to satisfy the needs of growing and longer-aging populations. In this review, we explore the potential use of a specific fisheries by-catch, jellyfish, as a sustainable source of high-value compounds. Jellyfish are often caught up with fish into fishing gear and nets, then sorted and discarded. Conversely, we suggest that this by-catch may be used to obtain food, nutraceutical products, collagen, toxins and fluorescent compounds to be used for biomedical applications and mucus for biomaterials. These applications are based on studies which indicate the feasibility of using jellyfish for biotechnology. Because jellyfish exhibit seasonal fluctuations in abundance, jellyfish by-catches likely follow the same pattern. Therefore, this resource may not be constantly available throughout the year, so the exploitation of the variable abundances needs to be optimized. Despite the lack of data about jellyfish by-catches, the high value of their compounds and their wide range of applications suggest that jellyfish by-catches are a resource which is discarded at present, but needs to be re-evaluated for exploitation within the context of a circular economy in the era of zero waste.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of the commercial seabob shrimp Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller, 1862) and physico-chemical parameters in a marine protected area: Changes in abundance and distribution after 20 years

Studies comparing parameters before and after the establishment of protected areas in coastal environments allow improvements of management plans and recognition of alterations due to natural or anthropic effects. This study compared spatio-temporal variation in abundance of Xiphopenaeus kroyeri in two equivalent periods. The first period was 12 years before the establishment of the Marine Protected Area and the second was 8 years after. The influence of environmental factors in relation to abundance was also analyzed. Samples were conducted monthly at Ubatuba Bay, Southeast Brazilian coast in period 1 (1995–1996) and 2 (2016–2017). Five transects were sampled using the same methodology, encompassing depths from 5 to 15 meters and areas sheltered or exposed to tidal waves and currents. Abundance varied seasonally. Higher values were obtained in December, March, and June of period 1 and in April and July of period 2. These months correspond to autumn and the beginning of winter. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance seems to be a response to higher and more stable salinity and the efficacy of the closed season (March–May), favoring a higher abundance in the autumn. There was no significant difference of X. kroyeri abundance between periods. Results indicate stability of population density through time in the region, suggesting conservation measurements are aiding species’ protection is spite of a larger fishing fleet. Our study reinforces the importance of measurements to mitigate fishery resources along with other non-commercial species important to preserve local biodiversity.

Seasonal patterns in habitat use by the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) and other small mammals

Abstract The ecology of the harvest mouse (Micromys minutus) is poorly understood, partly because it is a difficult species to monitor. It is commonly associated with reedbeds, where evidence suggests that it experiences strong seasonal fluctuations in abundance. However, it is unknown whether these fluctuations are caused by real changes in population size, or by movement between habitats. This study investigated seasonal changes in population size and habitat use by harvest mice, and other small mammal species, by trapping the reedbed and three associated habitat types: woodland, pasture and arable land. A sampling effort of 9887 trap bouts across nine months, resulted in 70 captures of harvest mice, as well as wood mice (N = 1022), bank voles (N = 252), field voles (N = 9), common shrews (N = 86) and pygmy shrews (N = 7). The reedbed was the habitat with the most captures and highest diversity. Harvest mice were caught exclusively in the reedbed at the beginning of autumn. Wood mice and bank voles experienced fluctuations in population numbers and wood mice also showed seasonal variation in habitat use. Our study supports the idea that harvest mice undergo extreme seasonal fluctuations in abundance in reedbeds, but these do not appear to be related to changes in habitat use.

Seasonal dispersal of gammaridean amphipods away from Sargassum beds in relation to macroalgal host defoliation

Epibenthic invertebrate assemblages in macroalgal beds generally show remarkable seasonal fluctuations in abundance and species composition, reflecting macroalgal host growth and defoliation. Notably, they often drastically decrease during macroalgal host defoliation. Though this reduction has been explained in terms of dispersal away from the macroalgal bed in relation to macroalgal host defoliation, this hypothesis has not previously been experimentally detailed. We conducted a field experiment using an imitation of Sargassum that was set 1 m away from a Sargassum yezoense bed to examine whether the epibenthic gammarids disperse away from the Sargassum bed as a result of Sargassum defoliation. The imitations were replaced monthly throughout the Sargassum defoliation season; subsequently, gammarids associated with the imitation (assumed as migrants from the Sargassum beds) as well as the gammarids that occurred in the Sargassum bed were investigated. Seasonal patterns of gammarid abundance in the Sargassum bed and their dispersal to the imitations were found to be quite different among gammarid species. In particular, 2 dominant gammarids, the suspension-feeding Jassa morinoi and Podocerus sp., drastically decreased in the Sargassum bed and coincidently increased in the imitations during the Sargassum defoliation season, indicating their defoliation-associated dispersal from the Sargassum bed. This is the first field experimental study demonstrating the defoliation-associated dispersal of epibenthic invertebrates in macroalgal beds. The dispersal is likely caused by a reduction of habitat space and quality due to thalli defoliation. Since many macroalgae show seasonal growth and defoliation, the concept of defoliation-associated dispersal is potentially applicable to various macroalgal species.

삼천포 연안에서 새우 조망에 어획되는 어류 종조성 및 계절변동

삼천포 연안에서 새우 조망에 어획되는 어류 종조성 및 계절변동

진해만에서 각망에 어획된 어류의 종조성 및 계절변동

Seasonal fluctuation in abundance and species composition of fish in coastal waters off Jinhae bay were investigated using seasonal samples collected by a fyke net from July, 2010 to April, 2011. A total of 1,869 fishes were sampled and classified into 23 species, 18 families, and 7 orders. The dominant species were Sebastes inermis (184 individuals, 9.8%), Nuchequula nuchalis (158 individuals, 8.5%), and Konosirus punctatus (143 individuals, 7.7%). The highest number of individuals was found in Fall (572 individuals), while the lowest number of individuals was found in Winter (416 individuals). The diversity index was the highest in winter (H’=3.005) and the lowest in fall (H’=2.953). The dominance index was the highest in fall (D=21.0%) and the lowest in spring (D=16.5%). The economically important species in Jinhae bay were Conger myriaster, Engraulis japonicus, Konosirus punctatus, Sebastes inermis, Lateolabrax japonicus, Acanthopagrus schlegelii, and Paralichthys olivaceus.

Number and taxonomic structure of blood-sucking insects community in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region

The abundance level of blood-sucking Diptera is, to a large extent, determined by natural and climatic conditions and hydrological regime of rivers, and is subject to significant fluctuations. In order to assess the impact of meteorological conditions of the season on the abundance of blood-sucking Diptera, the abundance ratio of horseflies, mosquitoes, blackflies and midges in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region for 2006, 2013-2017 was compared. The study was performed in the surroundings of Isetskoye Village and Barkhatovo Village in Isetsky District of Tyumen Region. This area belongs to the province of Tobol forest-steppe. The study area is located on the left bank of Iset river. The forest-steppe zone is located in the south of the region. The region has very cold winters, the average temperature in January is -18-20ºС. The summer season lasts about 125 days, the average temperature in July is +19-20ºC. Spring and autumn seasons are short. The region is characterized by late frosts in spring until the end of the first decade of June and early autumn, and sometimes in late August. Analysis of data obtained showed that of the six seasons studied the largest gnus abundance was registered in 2014, the minimum abundance was in 2006. The abundance level and the individual components ratio of «GNUS» complex were subject to significant changes depending on the season, in 2006 and 2014, the blackflies were mostly collected, and in 2013, 2015-2017 – mosquitoes. Meteorological and hydrological conditions of winter and spring seasons have the greatest impact on the level of insect populations of «gnuts» complex. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance of blackflies was 3 times, midges ‒ 9, horseflies and mosquitoes ‒ 10. The main limiting factors for the mass development of blood-sucking Diptera in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region are hard and dry winters that cause insect death at the pre-imaginal stages of development, as well as huge temperature swings in spring and summer and small areas of breeding grounds.

여수연안에서 소형기선저인망에 어획된 어류의 종조성 및 계절변동

여수연안에서 소형기선저인망에 어획된 어류의 종조성 및 계절변동

Predation risk is a function of alternative prey availability rather than predator abundance in a tropical savanna woodland ecosystem

Typically, factors influencing predation risk are viewed only from the perspective of predators or prey populations but few studies have examined predation risk in the context of a food web. We tested two competing hypotheses regarding predation: (1) predation risk is dependent on predator density; and (2) predation risk is dependent on the availability of alternative prey sources. We use an empirical, multi-level, tropical food web (birds–lizards–invertebrates) and a mensurative experiment (seasonal fluctuations in abundance and artificial lizards to estimate predation risk) to test these hypotheses. Birds were responsible for the majority of attacks on artificial lizards and were more abundant in the wet season. Artificial lizards were attacked more frequently in the dry than the wet season despite a greater abundance of birds in the wet season. Lizard and invertebrate (alternative prey) abundances showed opposing trends; lizards were more abundant in the dry while invertebrates were more abundant in the wet season. Predatory birds attacked fewer lizards when invertebrate prey abundance was highest, and switched to lizard prey when invertebrate abundance reduced, and lizard abundance was greatest. Our study suggests predation risk is not predator density-dependent, but rather dependent on the abundance of invertebrate prey, supporting the alternative prey hypothesis.

Alien Fish Species in the Mbô Floodplain Rivers in Cameroon

The aim of this study was to identify different alien fish species introduced in the Mbô Floodplain (MF) Rivers in Cameroon and to study their life-history traits. For this purpose, a total number of 237 fishes with a total length (TL) of 24.50 ± 5.97 cm and total weight of 199.50 ± 106.78 g collected by traditional fishing gears were used for taxonomic identification. Four species grouped into three families were identified: Clariidae (Clarias gariepinus), Cichlidae (Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia cameronensis), and Channidae (Parachanna obscura). There are two types of fish introduction: accidental introduction and intentional transfer. All fish species collected and examined were of large sizes (TL > 25 cm). The regression coefficient b of the length-weight relationship ranged from 3.00 (C. gariepinus) to 3.37 (T. cameronensis) (3.18 ± 0.17). Fish species showed a monthly and seasonal fluctuation in abundance in number of individuals. Alien fish species in the Mbô Floodplain showed two types of somatic growth: isometric and positive allometric. 75% of overall alien fish species were established and they recorded a mean K factor of 0.70 ± 0.40. Only 25.00% of the sampled species had more females than males.

Long-term trends in a northern Gulf of Mexico common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population in the wake of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill

Bottlenose dolphins along the northern Gulf of Mexico continue to be impacted by numerous stressors including harmful algal blooms, infectiousdisease epizootics, and oil exposure following the Deepwater Horizon (DWH) oil spill. Studies to assess the potential impacts of the DWH oil spillon dolphins in the northern Gulf of Mexico were initiated as part of a Natural Resource Damage Assessment and included photographic-identification(photo ID) surveys to determine abundance, density, and site fidelity in St. Joseph Bay, Florida (SJB). Although significant oiling did not occur inSJB, long-term data have been collected in this region to provide insight into population-level trends in abundance/density over time. Thus, SJBdolphins could serve as a reference for comparison to other dolphin populations exposed to DWH oiling. During 2005–2007, the results of photoID and telemetry surveys determined seasonal fluctuations in abundance and identified two different dolphin populations in SJB: residents sightedacross multiple seasons and years (St. Joseph Bay Stock), and visitors that were present during the spring and fall and associated with a 2–3foldincrease in abundance (Northern Coastal Stock). The goals for the current study were to compare dolphin abundance, density, and site fidelity, priorto (2005–2007), during (2010), and post-DWH (2011 and 2013) using photo-ID surveys and a spatially explicit robust-design capture-recapture(SERDCR) model. The data collected during and post-DWH paralleled previous research in that a low number of individuals with high site fidelitywere sighted across seasons and years (St. Joseph Bay Stock), and abundance/density increased in the fall as a result of an influx of dolphins thatwere likely members of the Northern Coastal Stock. However, June and August 2010 abundance (347; 193–498, 95% CI and 394; 288–534, 95%CI, respectively), density (dolphins/km2) (2.60; 1.36–3.70, 95% CI and 2.55; 1.89–3.29, 95% CI, respectively), and site fidelity patterns were moresimilar to previous years’ spring and fall data, with high abundance estimates, increased dolphin density in coastal waters, and elevated numbers ofindividuals with low site fidelity in the SJB region. Factors that could have contributed to this increase in abundance include immigration of dolphinsfrom adjacent estuaries, population growth within the St. Joseph Bay Stock, impacts from DWH oiling, and environmental and/or prey-based cuesthat influence movements of the Northern Coastal Stock. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of long-term monitoring to assessimpacts of current and future stressors on the dolphins in the northern Gulf of Mexico.

Structure of gorgonian epifaunal communities in Ecuador (eastern Pacific)

Coral reefs have high biodiversity and are important as ecosystem engineers, providing microhabitats for a large number of organisms. This study examines the patterns of diversity, abundance and structure of gorgonian epifaunal communities found in Ecuador, a well-recognized marine biodiversity hot spot. Within this area, Leptogorgia manabiensis and L. obscura represent two of the most abundant and widely distributed gorgonian species, each with differing morphological characteristics. Epifaunal communities associated with these host species were analyzed during both the cold (June) and warm (November) seasons over two consecutive years. Both species were shown to be highly effective benthic biodiversity ecosystem engineers, hosting denser communities than other related organisms such as scleractinians, other gorgonians, algae, sponges, hydrocorals and bryozoans, as well as other geographic areas. A complex pattern of biodiversity was observed, with each gorgonian species hosting distinct communities: The fan-shaped L. manabiensis had a less diverse community dominated by echinoderms (mainly ophiuroids), while the bush-shaped L. obscura was dominated by crustaceans (mainly amphipods). Although the morphology of L. obscura allowed for greater living space for associated fauna, this species exhibited a less dense epifaunal community than of L. manabiensis. A seasonal fluctuation in abundance was also observed. Abundance tended to be greater in the cold season (June), likely due to the influence of the cold, nutrient-rich Humboldt Current, than in the warm season (November), when the warm, nutrient-poor Panama Current dominates. Diversity was not affected by seasonal fluctuations and remained constant throughout the year.

Population ecology of Jujubinus striatus and Jujubinus exasperatus (Gastropoda: Trochidae) in a Posidonia oceanica seagrass bed

The population structure of Jujubinus striatus and Jujubinus exasperatus (Trochidae), common gastropod grazers of Posidonia oceanica leaves, was investigated in the seagrass bed off Lacco Ameno of Ischia (Gulf of Naples). Sampling was performed monthly, from July 1981 to June 1982, at five stations along a depth gradient (1, 3, 10, 15 and 25 m), using a hand-towed net. Throughout the study period, both populations were characterised by seasonal fluctuations in abundance, with a total of 550 individuals counted and measured. The two populations analysed showed different distributional trends along the depth gradient. Jujubinus striatus settled and occurred mainly at shallower stands (1–3 m depth), while J. exasperatus was found deeper (10–15 m). Both species are semelparous. Juveniles and small individuals (shell height < 4 mm) were mainly found during the late winter and early spring months. The survivorship curves of both Jujubinus species showed a very low mortality rate in the first few months after settlement. Demographic analysis suggests an indeterminate growth rate after sexual maturity, with a lifespan of about 22 months for J. striatus and 17 months for J. exasperatus. For both species the growth rate is fast during the first couple of months after settlement. The findings of this study, compared with earlier work, reveal a certain number of shared traits in the life cycle of the most common gastropod species living on the leaves of P. oceanica seagrass: semelparous reproduction, spring settlement, fast early growth and short lifespan (2 years maximum).

Abundance and demographic parameters of bottlenose dolphins in a highly affected coastal ecosystem

This study presents the first robust estimates of abundance and demographic parameters of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in a highly affected coastal ecosystem along the north-eastern Atlantic. Seasonal abundance, apparent survival and temporary emigration rates were estimated using Pollock’s robust design models. Photographic identification data were collected from 2014 to 2016 along the north-western Iberian coast (Spain). Bottlenose dolphins were present year-round and with a high degree of occurrence in the study area, which is highly affected by human activity but is also a highly productive coastal ecosystem. Local abundance of bottlenose dolphins ranged from 56 in autumn 2014 to 144 in winter 2015. Apparent survival rate was high and constant, indicating no mortality and no permanent emigration. Temporal emigration rates varied seasonally and were lower from autumn to winter, suggesting that dolphins had a high probability of returning during the winter period. The observed changes in abundance and emigration rates most likely reflect seasonal fluctuations in abundance of prey species in this area. These results provide important baseline information in an area subject to significant anthropogenic pressures and for future comparisons with other populations of similar characteristics under the pressure of human activities, such as fisheries and aquaculture.

Spatial and temporal distribution, environmental drivers and community structure of mosquitoes in the Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand

Mosquito communities across the globe frequently comprise a mix of native and cosmopolitan species. New Zealand's mosquito communities are no exception. Here we describe the abundance, distribution and phenological patterns for a community of six mosquito taxa resident across the Kaipara Harbour region of northern New Zealand. Adult mosquitoes were sampled using baited light traps, serviced biweekly for 3½ years. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance of adults were examined for correlations with temperature and rainfall over the preceding weeks. Four endemic species comprised over 98% of the total catch, with Coquillettidia iracunda being the most abundant. Two introduced species, Aedes notoscriptus and Culex quinquefasciatus were widely distributed, but each comprised <1% of the total catch. Culiseta tonnoiri was the only species that appeared geographically restricted, occurring at one-third of the sites. Distinct temporal peaks in adult abundance were evident: Aedes antipodeus was most abundant in spring, Ae. notoscriptus and Cq. iracunda were most abundant in summer and Cx. quinquefasciatus was most abundant in autumn. Culiseta tonnoiri and Culex pervigilans were of variable abundance throughout the year. For all species examined, temporal variations in abundance were more strongly associated with temperature in the preceding weeks than with preceding rainfall. A better knowledge of the factors driving patterns of spatial and temporal abundance will allow an improved understanding of how non-native species may integrate themselves into resident mosquito communities.

여수 소리도 주변해역에서 채집되는 어류의 종조성 및 군집구조

여수 소리도 주변해역에서 채집되는 어류의 종조성 및 군집구조