Regular Search Research Articles

Modafinil for people with schizophrenia or related disorders.

Modafinil for people with schizophrenia or related disorders.

Psychosocial interventions for people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse.

Psychosocial interventions for people with both severe mental illness and substance misuse.

A biopolítica e o espaço urbano

A partir de discussões sobre os conceitos de sociedades disciplinar e de controle (FOUCAULT, 1976; DELEUZE, 1990), dispositivos de vigilância, bem como questões sobre biopolítica (FOUCAULT, 2008b [1979]), o propósito deste artigo é analisar o Centro de Florianópolis, trazendo considerações sobre o espaço urbano: as ruas do centro da cidade, seus dispositivos de vigilância, e a circulação de corpos. As referências utilizadas se alinham tanto ao pensamento foucaultiano quanto a autores do campo do urbano. No decorrer do texto, há a busca por regularidades que auxiliam na compreensão sobre o uso de determinados espaços e suas implicações nas vidas dignas de serem vividas e nas vidas indignas de existir na ordem citadina.

Collaborative query reformulation in tourism information search

Purpose Collaborative information search (CIS) is a growing and significant research area. Query formulation and reformulation is an important search strategy in information search. However, limited research has investigated query behavior during CIS. The purpose of this paper is to characterize collaborative query reformulation (CQR) by exploring the sources of collaborative query (CQ) terms and the types and patterns of CQR in the context of tourism information search. Design/methodology/approach An empirical study was designed to investigate search query reformulation as tourists performed CIS on a devised interface. A total of 36 participants (in 18 pairs) took part in the study; data were documented in pre- and post-search questionnaires, search logs and chat logs. Findings The findings show that participants intermixed individual search and collaborative search during CIS. Participants constructed CQ terms mainly by selecting terms from individual search queries and discussion chat logs. Eight types of CQR were identified, with specialization (82 percent) accounting for the most used search tactics. At most times, participants were found to add terms to the previous query. Findings demonstrated 27 specific CQR patterns; in excess of two-third participants (69 percent) took only one move to reformulate CQ by adding terms, or replacing/using new words. Practical implications The results of this research can be used to inform the design of search systems supporting collaborative querying in CIS. Originality/value This study is highlighting an important research direction of CQ reformulation in collaborative search while previous studies of the topic are limited, comparing to the vast body of work on query reformulation in individual information search using regular search systems.

Re-assessing the effectiveness of wire-marking to mitigate bird collisions with power lines: A meta-analysis and guidelines for field studies

The expansion of overhead power lines worldwide challenges companies of energy transmission and distribution, regulators and environmental consultants, among other stakeholders, to effectively mitigate their negative impacts on wildlife. Wire-marking is currently the most widespread and recommended measure to reduce bird collisions with these infrastructures. Nevertheless, and despite its importance for a bird-friendly development of energy projects, there is still much uncertainty about what explains wire-marking effectiveness.We performed an extensive literature review and meta-analysis to evaluate the overall effectiveness of wire-marking in reducing bird collisions with power lines, including the possible influencing factors of power line voltage, habitat and type of device. We gathered data from 35 field studies across the world (which included 66 trials) assessing the effectiveness of wire-marking based on regular carcass searches beneath power lines.Overall, wire-marking reduced bird collisions with power lines by half (50.4%; 95% Confidence Interval Estimate: 40.4–58.8%), although this estimate of effectiveness is lower than the one reported in a meta-analysis performed in 2011. Despite the effort to include both peer-reviewed and grey literature studies in the present meta-analysis, the risk of publication bias could not be entirely excluded and may be still overestimating the true overall effect of wire-marking. High heterogeneity among the study outcomes hindered the power to detect clear moderating effects, with none of explanatory variables being statistically significant. Large between-study heterogeneity is (to some extent) explained by the variety of anti-collision devices available, wire-marking intensities used and ecological circumstances in which the experiments were carried out. Nonetheless, it may be also related to within-study methodological biases and reporting gaps in the existing field studies.Robust experimental designs (ideally using Before-After-Control-Impact approaches), comprehensive reporting of results and broad dissemination of study findings are needed to increase the statistical power of future meta-analyses. Ways to achieve these improvements in field studies are presented in detail. Their inclusion in future meta-analyses will increase the knowledge on the drivers of wire-marking effectiveness, which is critical to better inform decision-making processes and environmental management plans.

Genomics of human aggression: current state of genome-wide studies and an automated systematic review tool.

There are substantial differences, or variation, between humans in aggression, with its molecular genetic basis mostly unknown. This review summarizes knowledge on the genetic contribution to variation in aggression with the following three foci: (1) a comprehensive overview of reviews on the genetics of human aggression, (2) a systematic review of genome-wide association studies (GWASs), and (3) an automated tool for the selection of literature based on supervised machine learning. The phenotype definition 'aggression' (or 'aggressive behaviour', or 'aggression-related traits') included anger, antisocial behaviour, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder. The literature search was performed in multiple databases, manually and using a novel automated selection tool, resulting in 18 reviews and 17 GWASs of aggression. Heritability estimates of aggression in children and adults are around 50%, with relatively small fluctuations around this estimate. In 17 GWASs, 817 variants were reported as suggestive (P ≤ 1.0E), including 10 significant associations (P ≤ 5.0E). Nominal associations (P ≤ 1E) were found in gene-based tests for genes involved in immune, endocrine, and nervous systems. Associations were not replicated across GWASs. A complete list of variants and their position in genes and chromosomes are available online. The automated literature search tool produced literature not found by regular search strategies. Aggression in humans is heritable, but its genetic basis remains to be uncovered. No sufficiently large GWASs have been carried out yet. With increases in sample size, we expect aggression to behave like other complex human traits for which GWAS has been successful.

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) for schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a serious chronic mental illness affecting an estimated 21 million people worldwide and there is increasing evidence linking inflammation in the brain to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Antipsychotic drugs are the conventional treatment for people with schizophrenia but are not always fully effective. Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with properties that inhibit the proinflammatory status of the brain. Using aspirin as an adjunct (add-on) treatment to antipsychotics or as a stand-alone treatment could be a novel, relatively inexpensive option for people with schizophrenia. To review the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) as adjunct (add-on) or as stand-alone treatment for people with schizophrenia. We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Trials Register (last search 8 March 2018) which is based on regular searches of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, BIOSIS, AMED, PsycINFO and registries of Clinical Trials. There are no language, date, document type, or publication status limitations for inclusion of records in the register. Randomised clinical trials focusing on aspirin for people with schizophrenia. We extracted data independently. For binary outcomes, we calculated risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), on an intention-to-treat (ITT) basis. For continuous data, we estimated the mean difference (MD) between groups and its 95% CI. We employed a fixed-effect model for analyses. We assessed risk of bias for included studies and created a 'Summary of findings' table using GRADE. We included two studies, both comparing the effects of adding aspirin to standard antipsychotic treatment with adding placebo to standard antipsychotic treatment. We were hoping to find high-quality data for seven main outcomes of importance: clinically important change in global state, mental state, cognitive functioning and quality of life, numbers leaving the study early, incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events and hospital admission. Clinically important change data were not reported. Global state data were reported by one study as 'unspecified problem necessitating change in dose or type of antipsychotics'; there was no clear difference between treatment groups for this outcome (RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.30 to 1.88; studies = 1; participants = 70; very low-quality evidence). Both trials measured mental state using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), and mean total PANSS endpoint scores favoured the adjunct aspirin group in the medium term (MD -6.56, 95% CI -12.04 to -1.08; studies = 2; participants = 130; very low-quality evidence). Less than 10% of each group's participants left the studies early (for any reason) and by around three months there was no clear difference between numbers leaving early from the aspirin group compared to numbers leaving early from the placebo group suggesting aspirin is acceptable (RR 1.12, 95% CI 0.40 to 3.14; studies = 2; participants = 130; very low-quality evidence). There was some gastric upset in both groups but rates were not clearly different between the treatment groups (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.94; studies = 1; participants = 70; very low-quality evidence). We are unclear if 'change in hospital status' is an unfavourable outcome or not as one study reported equivocal data (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.05 to 5.90; studies = 1; participants = 70; very low-quality evidence). It should be noted that all the above results were based on data of very low-quality and were difficult to interpret for clinicians or patients, and that the two studies, completed in the last decade, failed to report any usable outcomes on cognitive functioning or quality of life. We highlighted the evidence that some pioneering researchers feel this question is important enough to merit testing in randomised trials. However, we also highlighted that the evidence produced from these trials was weak and inconclusive. It was impossible to draw clear conclusions on the therapeutic value of aspirin for schizophrenia from these short, small and limited trials.

Carrots, No Stick, No Driver: The Employment Impact of Job Search Assistance in a Regime with Minimal Monitoring and Sanctions

This paper uses a high quality administrative longitudinal dataset to assess the impact of an active labour market intervention consisting of referral for interview plus job search assistance with the public employment service in the Republic of Ireland. During the period of the interventions, both job search monitoring and sanctions were virtually non-existent in the country. We found that, relative to a control group that received no public employment service assistance, unemployed individuals that received the interview letter and participated in job search assistance were 11.2 percentage points less likely to have exited to employment prior to 12 months. This result holds when tested against the influences of both sample selection and unobserved heterogeneity bias. The negative treatment impact is attributed to individuals lowering their job search intensity on learning through the activation interview of the lax nature of the activation process in Ireland at that time. The research finds job search assistance being less effective unless combined with other key aspects of the activation process, such as regular job search monitoring and sanctions for non-compliance.

LA CALIDAD DEL APRENDIZAJE UNIVERSITARIO COMO ESENCIA DEL PROCESO FORMATIVO QUE FAVOREZCA UN EGRESADO DE PERFIL AMPLIO

El siguiente artículo expone las ideas relacionadas con la sistematización teórica para la búsqueda de regularidades, desde la interpretación de la práctica educativa de las universidades cubanas. En este sentido, se enfatiza en la formación de profesionales con especial atención al aprendizaje que se debe derivar del encargo social del modelo de formación. Sobre esta base, en su evolución los fundamentos psicopedagógicos y didácticos que sostienen el tipo de universidad innovadora que reconoce el MES como exigencia para este siglo. Consecuentemente, se abordan los fundamentos científicos para la determinación de aquellos elementos teóricos y metodológicos que fundamenten el diagnóstico de su calidad y comprensión. Además, del concepto se abordan otras reflexiones a consideración de los investigadores del proyecto. Para ello, se explican las categorías calidad y evaluación de la calidad de la educación. Lo anterior, se logra desde la propuesta de una metodología que sigue un enfoque de investigación con la incorporación de los métodos mixtos. De manera que, la lógica en el tratamiento a la información parte, además, de reconocer que la sistematización teórica constituye un enfoque que la distingue como investigación educativa.

Yoga as part of a package of care versus non-standard care for schizophrenia.

Yoga is an ancient body-mind practice which originated in India and is popular in the Western world as a form of relaxation and exercise. It has been of interest for people with schizophrenia to determine the efficacy of yoga delivered as a package of care versus non-standard care. To examine the effects of yoga as part of a package of care versus non-standard care for schizophrenia. We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group Trials Register (latest 15 May 2018) which is based on regular searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, BIOSS, AMED, PsychINFO, and registries of clinical trials. We searched the references of all included studies. There are no language, date, document type, or publication status limitations for inclusion of records in the register. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) including people with schizophrenia comparing yoga as part of a package of care with non-standard care. There were no data to analyse as no studies met the inclusion criteria. The searches identified 30 studies that could be relevant to this review. After careful inspection, 29 were excluded and one is awaiting classification. No data were available for analyses. In view of the lack of evidence from RCTs, it is currently not possible for us to comment on the use of yoga as part of a package of care versus non-standard care.

Where do FOIA responses live? Electronic Reading Rooms and web sources

The Freedom of Information Act, FOIA (5 U.S.C. 552), generally provides any person with the statutory right, enforceable in court, to obtain access to government information in executive branch agency records. FOIA does not apply to the judicial or legislative branches of the U.S. government. This right to access is limited when information is protected from disclosure by one of FOIA’s nine statutory exemptions and exclusions.The “Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996” required that agencies needed to make eligible records available electronically. As a result, there are dozens of FOIA Libraries and Electronic Reading Rooms that are repositories for responses to agency FOIA requests. These documents are also known as responsive documents. Documents are often posted by agencies with redactions to protect personal privacy, national security, and other FOIA exemptions and exclusions. It is important for researchers, journalists, and citizens to use the terms “FOIA Libraries” and “Electronic Reading Rooms” as part of their search terminology. This will ensure they can find documents that might not be findable through a regular Google search.

Re-Using of Data on Rockbursts for Up-to-Date Research of the Geodynamic Safety Problem

Nowadays, anthropogenic seismicity during mining operations is actual in many countries around the world. Strong rockbursts and anthropogenic earthquakes cause not only large material damage but also social and environmental impact. At that, the major geodynamic events and sudden seismic activity remain statistically rare events that makes it difficult to study these phenomena and to find out regularities. Uniqueness of their occurrence conditions and, often, inaccessibility of information contribute to such state of affairs. At that, rockbursts were known since the 19th century and information on conditions of their occurrence is available in published papers and special catalogues. It seems that use in summarizing and analysis of the data on strong rockbursts occurred in the past at the deposits worldwide could contribute to a better understanding of a nature and mechanisms of anthropogenic earthquakes which take place today. In this connection, a problem on the rockbursts data re-using for search of the anthropogenic seismicity regularities has been arisen. In paper, structure and content of the published in the Soviet Union and Russia special catalogs and international bibliography indexes on rockbursts are analyzed. The data available in the catalogs and publications can be used for studying and confirming of some studying regularities related to the reactivation of tectonic faults, presence of tectonically strained zones, occurrence of geodynamic hazard far from the place of mining works. It is concluded that repeated analysis of the data on the rockbursts occurrence at the deposits worldwide on the basis of up-to-date geomechanical concepts will allow extending the statistical basis for search and identification of the anthropogenic seismicity regularities.

Establishment of state language institute in Ukraine

The article deals with the peculiarities of becoming a constitutional-legal institute of the state language in Ukraine. The main part of the research is devoted to the analysis of the laws of origin of the considered institute, the prerequisites of the modern stage of its development, and therefore the generalization of the factors that led to the establishment and final consolidation at the legislative level of the status of the state language in the context of creating the national language of the people of Ukraine, the establishment of the Ukrainian political nation. Within the framework of this article, considerable attention is given to the characterization of the stages of the genesis of the institute of the state language, starting from the 9th to the beginning of the twentieth centuries. The author of the article emphasizes the conditions that contributed to the formation of regulations in the field of language policy in Ukraine. The subject of the study is the legal monuments of Ukraine, the legislation in force in the territory of Ukraine during the period under review, which regulated the language relations and, consequently, the approval of the state language as a legal institute. Critical analysis of the normative mechanisms of functioning of the Institute of the State Language was carried out. It is suggested to take into account certain features of the legal system, characteristic of a specific historical period of development of Ukraine. This approach, in the author’s opinion, is expedient, since it provides an opportunity to distinguish the main stages of becoming a state language as an institution of constitutional law and to understand the mechanism of constitutional and legal regulation of linguistic relations. At the same time, a chronological division of the process of formation of the state language institute into periods according to belonging to the stages of its formation was made. The regularity of the relevant division is determined, which defines the purpose of this study, and therefore, the legal characterization of the selected periods and stages of formation of the Ukrainian language, the search for regularities in their correlation. Keywords: constitutional-legal institute, state language, Ukrainian language, periods of formation of state language institute.

Unapređenje servisa e-vlade za naprednu pretragu

The E-government services depend on many archived documents mostly scanned and partially described to be machine searchable in order to be found fast and to offer appropriate responses to citizens and to the government personnel as well. In order to improve the existing state, the hybrid solution based on the previous research results is presented. This paper presents an in-depth view of the Web solution that combines different technologies on both the client and the server side thus improving regular search services amd making them accessible to people with dissabilities (e.g. blindness).

ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEMS, UNIVERSITIES AND UKRAINIAN INNOVATION POLICY

Introduction. Today, the important issue of cooperation between small businesses and universities is the creation of entrepreneurial ecosystems, the increasing role of universities in the formation of high growth firms, and the introduction of the concept of knowledge exchange between universities and entrepreneurship, which is not yet sufficiently presented in the documents of the domestic state policy.Formulation of the problem. The research and representation in the conceptual state documents of the entrepreneurial ecosystems formation problem in Ukraine with the participation of universities is required.The purpose of the article is to study the possibilities and obstacles for the formation of entrepreneurial ecosystems in Ukraine with the participation of universities, as well as study the aspects of the introduction of bilateral knowledge exchange between institutions and firms and the development of relevant proposals for public policy documents.The research methods are the problematization of socio-economic phenomena, the analysis of publications, statistical data and information on the sites, the search for causal relationships and regularities in stimulating the development of small entrepreneurship with the participation of universities.The main material. It is shown that domestic universities, as a rule, adhere to the traditional innovative approach of cooperating with entrepreneurship on the basis of technology transfer and obtaining a direct financial result. The provisions of the Strategy for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises and the role of universities in these aspects of state policy remain uncertain.Results and discussion. The methods and means of increasing the role of the universities of the country in the entrepreneurial ecosystems formation on the basis of more productive cooperation with small business, in particular on the basis of bilateral knowledge exchange, are substantiated.Conclusions and recommendations. It is proposed to the project of the Strategy of Innovative Development of the country for the period up to 2030 to pay more attention to the creation of entrepreneurial ecosystems with the participation of universities, as well as to introduce an exchange of knowledge between universities and business.

Some methods for predicting thermal conductivity of metallic melts

The work is devoted to a search for regularities that allow predicting the heat transfer coefficients of metallic melts and their thorough testing.

Chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a prevalence of about 1% among the general population. It is listed among the top 10 causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) worldwide. Antipsychotics are the mainstay treatment. Piperacetazine has been reported to be as clinically effective as chlorpromazine, a well established 'benchmark' antipsychotic, for people with schizophrenia. However, the side effect profiles of these antipsychotics differ and it is important that an evidence base is available comparing the benefits, and potential harms of these two antipsychotics. To assess the clinical and side effects of chlorpromazine for people with schizophrenia and schizophrenia-like psychoses in comparison with piperacetazine. We searched the Cochrane Schizophrenia Group's Trials Register (6 June 2015 and 8 October 2018) which is based on regular searches of CINAHL, CENTRAL, BIOSIS, AMED, Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and registries of clinical trials. There are no language, date, document type, or publication status limitations for inclusion of records in the register. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine for people with schizophrenia, reporting useable data. We extracted data independently. For binary outcomes, we calculated risk ratio (RR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), on an intention-to-treat basis. For continuous data, we estimated the mean difference (MD) between groups and its 95% CI. We employed a fixed-effect model for analyses. We assessed risk of bias for included studies and created 'Summary of findings' tables using GRADE. We found 12 records referring to six trials. We included five trials, all from the 1970s, randomising 343 participants. We excluded one trial. The overall methodology and data reporting by the trials was poor. Only short-term data were available.Results from the included trials found that, in terms of global state improvement, when rated by a psychiatrist, there was no clear difference between chlorpromazine and piperacetazine (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.02; participants = 208; studies = 2; very low-quality evidence). One trial reported change scores on the mental state scale Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS); no clear difference was observed (MD -0.40, 95% CI -1.41 to 0.61; participants = 182; studies = 1; very low-quality evidence). Chlorpromazine appears no worse or better than piperacetazine regarding adverse effects. In both treatment groups, around 60% of participants experienced some sort of adverse effect (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.33; participants = 74; studies = 3; very low-quality evidence), with approximately 40% of these participants experiencing some parkinsonism-type movement disorder (RR 0.95, CI 0.61 to 1.49; participants = 106; studies = 3; very low-quality evidence). No clear difference in numbers of participants leaving the study early for any reason was observed (RR 0.50, 95% CI 0.10 to 2.56; participants = 256; studies = 4; very low-quality evidence). No trial reported data for change in negative symptoms or economic costs. The results of this review show chlorpromazine and piperacetazine may have similar clinical efficacy, but data are based on very small numbers of participants and the evidence is very low quality. We can not make firm conclusions based on such data. Currently, should clinicians and people with schizophrenia need to choose between chlorpromazine and piperacetazine they should be aware there is no good quality evidence to base decisions. More high quality research is needed.

On Some Transformations of Features in Machine Learning in Medicine

A new view is given to supervised classification problems by precedents on the basis of logical approaches and the possibility of their application in medicine. The basic logical and logical statistical models of classification (basic definitions, search, processing, and application of logical regularities of classes (LRCs); transition to other feature spaces; and the method of optimal reliable decompositions) and their verification are presented. Numerous applications in medicine and two problems of qualification assessment and choice of the treatment method are considered.

Cosmology Paradigm Changes

I describe here my background and main steps in my studies. Each following step was a basis for the next one without a certain plan. I started my path with the study of kinematical properties of galactic populations, which smoothly transformed into the calculation of population models of galaxies. I had difficulties in satisfactorily modeling galaxies using population data; this led me to the dark matter problem. Discussing dark matter started a collaboration with Yakov Zel'dovich, which initiated the search for regularities in the distribution of galaxies. The detection of the supercluster-void network or the cosmic web followed.

State of the Evidence for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Care: The Evolution and Current Methodology of the Prehospital Evidence-Based Practice (PEP) Program.

Background:Emergency medical services (EMS) leaders and clinicians need to incorporate evidence into safe and effective clinical practice. Access to high-quality evidence, and the time to synthesize it, can be barriers to evidence-based practice. The Prehospital Evidence-Based Practice (PEP) program is an online, freely accessible, repository of critically appraised evidence specific to EMS. This paper describes the evolution and current methodology of the PEP program.Methods/design:The purpose of PEP is to identify, catalog and critically appraise relevant studies. Following regular systematic searches, two trained appraisers critically appraise included studies and assign a score on three-point level of evidence (LOE) and direction of evidence (DOE) scales. Each clinical intervention is plotted on a 3 × 3 (LOE × DOE) evidence matrix, which provides a summary recommendation.Discussion:The PEP program is a unique knowledge translation tool, specific to EMS. End-users can easily identify which clinical interventions are, or are not, supported by evidence.