[Introduction]: Sea level rise in the east Caribbean has accelerated to 0.6 cm/yr due to the global effects of accumulating greenhouse gases on the thermal expansion of seawater and terrestrial snow ice-melt. [Objective]: This study quantifies the processes driving sea level rise, including changes in landscape and hydrology. Sea level measurements are placed in context to facilitate regional guidance. [Methodology]: The research employs advanced data assimilation and modelling to statistically analyze trends in both time and space, using the east Caribbean Sea level as a metric. [Results]: The analysis suggests a 2050 sea level 40 cm above 1980 baseline, consistent with model projections in 8.5 W/m2 scenario. Inter-annual sea level variability and parabolic trends, driven by tropical ocean warming and depleted snow cover, are prominent. An uptick of thermal expansion and runoff since 2010 is evident from time-depth plots of global sea temperature and salinity anomalies. [Conclusions]: With beach erosion likely, local adaptative measures are outlined that could be employed elsewhere.

ABASTRACT The study Analise the return period of extreme sea levels at Alexandria coast with a different approach of statistics model, the cumulative distribution function method based on Gumbel equations provides a robust framework in statistics of extreme sea level prediction and recurrence estimation. Return period of extreme sea level heights are expected to occur more frequently in the next decades influenced by climate change and global warming. The study utilizes sea level radar hourly data, with total 13,986 measurements over 19.3 months, between18th of June 2018, to 9th of January 2020. The study methodology underpinning an analytical quantitative method to analyze observed data and determines the monthly extreme sea level value in random data. The Gumbel distribution measures the probability F(x) for each extreme sea level X to be equal or less than this value. The study focuses on the methods to estimate return period for short term of data observation; however, the study estimates the return period for extreme sea level in months instead of usual estimation in years. The results revealed that the average extreme sea level in Alexandria is 0.77 meters, with monthly extreme sea level range between 0.6 to 1.04 meters. The findings highlight the highest probability of occurrence concurrently with the highest sea level value and has the longest return period in months. The study shed the light on the short pattern intervals of extreme sea level recurrence to support resilient coastal management, and precisely present risk assessment plan with clear vision to how far could Alexandria vulnerable to adverse conditions in near future.

Traditional coca chewing and cortisol modulation in Andean miners: A pilot quasi-experimental repeated-measures study on stress physiology at high altitude.

Tidal stream energy in the Netherlands—Resource assessment and future effects due to mean sea level rise

Sources of organic carbon and environmental response characteristics in the mangrove region of Trat Province, Thailand, over the past 1,019 years.

Combined effects of sea level rise and increasing nearshore waves on tidal flat morphodynamics: Implications for future delta management

Impact of sea level rise on aging population’s accessibility to essential services in Honolulu, Hawaii

Pleistocene speciation and isolation-by-distance within North American mud and rainbow snakes.

<b>Motivation</b> : With the rapid development of the low-altitude economy, increasing attention has been paid to the radiation environment safety of low-altitude aircraft such as drones and electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Traditional views hold that the dense lower atmosphere is an effective barrier against cosmic radiation, but the shrinking feature sizes of modern integrated circuits (ICs) have significantly increased their susceptibility to single-event effects (SEEs). Most conventional studies have focused on the effects of particles such as neutrons and protons, while systematic evaluations of the risks induced by muons —the most abundant charged particles at sea level—remain scarce, particularly during extreme solar events. Therefore, this study quantitatively evaluates the muon-induced SEE risks of lowaltitude aircraft in different regions of China under both static cosmic ray backgrounds and Ground Level Enhancements (GLEs), aiming to provide critical insights for the operational safety of next-generation low-altitude aviation platforms.<br> <b>Methods</b> : This study employs city-specific atmospheric models and simulates atmospheric shower processes over different cities within the CORSIKA framework, yielding reliable energy spectra of lowenergy muons (10–100 MeV) across diverse regions. Drawing on electrical simulation data from other research groups, this study estimates muon-induced SEE cross sections in transistors with different process nodes, covering Bulk, FD-SOI, and FinFET processes. Subsequently, by integrating solar energetic particle (SEP) energy spectra associated with Ground Level Enhancement (GLE) events, we evaluate muoninduced SEE risks for systems of varying sizes under both static conditions (only cosmic-ray injection) and GLE event scenarios.<br> <b>Results</b> : Our results indicate that under static conditions, flight control systems (with 1 MB of memory) incorporating advanced process-node (≤ 45nm) Bulk transistors are exposed to non-negligible muon-induced SEE risks across all cities in China. In contrast, systems utilizing FD-SOI transistors can effectively alleviate such risks. For systems with large memory capacities (1 GB), irrespective of the process technology employed, redundancy and other radiation-hardening measures must be adopted. Regarding GLE events, this study innovatively introduces the concept of muon hazard levels to evaluate regional variations in risk. Specifically, during GLEs, the aggravation of muon-induced SEE risks in mid-to-low latitude regions is negligible, whereas high-latitude regions experience a significant rise in such risk.

Managed retreat in the face of sea level rise: A multi-dimensional framework for climate resilience

Orbitally paced sea level changes and carbon isotope fluctuations in the middle-late Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation, Sichuan Basin, South China

Orbital-scale sea level and millennial-scale climatic event controls on terrestrial input in the northern Ninetyeast Ridge over the past 40 kyr

Sea level rise (SLR), driven by global warming, threatens coastal Bangladesh through inundation, land loss, and displacement. However, SLR estimates are often inconsistent or overestimated due to limited data and inadequate correction for vertical land motion (VLM). This study presents an integrated approach to accurately assess SLR by combining multi-station tide gauge (TG) records with satellite altimetry (SA) and interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data across Bangladesh’s coastline. Relative SLR (RSLR) rates were derived from TGs, absolute SLR (ASLR) from SA, and InSAR-derived VLM trends were used to correct TG-based estimates. Results revealed strong seasonal variations, with sea levels peaking in April and lowest in September. Decadal trends indicated alternating phases of rise and fall. Annual SLR rates averaged 5.40 mm/year from TGs and 4.94 mm/year from SA, with notable spatial variations. VLM analysis showed subsidence at five TG sites and uplift at six. After VLM adjustments, all stations exhibited positive ASLR trends, averaging 4.58 mm/year. This study demonstrates that incorporating VLM and corrections of TG records significantly improves SLR estimation. The findings provided critical insights into the spatial and temporal dynamics of sea level change and provide a scientific basis for climate adaptation and infrastructure planning in Bangladesh’s vulnerable coastal zone.

Tidal dynamics is crucial in shaping marine ecosystems and the design of sustainable coastal infrastructure. With the increasing strategic importance of Macao as an innovation node in the Pearl River Estuary and newly acquired maritime jurisdiction rights, a more detailed study of the coastal flows in Macao's water is required. This study utilises extended harmonic analysis and a validated Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) to study two aspects of tidal dynamics in Macao respectively: (i) the impact of climate change and reclamation on the tidal constituents of Macao harbour; (ii) an elucdiation of the 3D tidal circulation in the shallow coastal waters. The results show that 40 tidal constituents are sufficient for accurate tidal prediction (with RMS error of 0.133 m). The primary harmonic constants are not affected by land reclamation and climate change over the past two decades; while the mean sea level has been increasing at an average of 3.4 mm per year. The tidal regime is predominantly mixed and mainly semi-diurnal, with a tidal range of approximately 2.4 m and 0.8 m during spring and neap tides respectively. During ebb the tidal flow splits into three main stream currents through the Macao Waterway, Shizimen Waterway, and the western beach of Lingdingyang, while flood tides follow similar routes. Maximum velocities in the main navigation channels in Macao, Shizimen, and eastern waterways are 0.32, 0.50 and 0.75 m/s, with coastal currents of around 0.35–0.50 m/s in the southern coastal waters near Coloane. Extensive tidal flats in Shizimen reveal maximum depths of around 0.8 m and surface velocities of around 0.31 m/s. The findings provide a basis for studying ecosystem dynamics in the coastal waters of ecological importance.

ABSTRACT The Bay of Fundy agricultural dykeland and tidal wetland system in eastern Canada faces sea level rise and increasing storm action. Managed dyke realignment is underway, which will convert some parts of the anthropogenic dykelands – over 400 years old in some places – back to tidal wetlands. The target landforms are small and widely distributed across the rural coastline, making it difficult to identify stakeholders in landscape decisions and understand potential trade-offs. We used a novel survey question set (n = 233, response rate 21%) to understand the ecosystem service (ES) benefits locals feel they receive from dykeland, dyke and tidal wetland landforms and the spatial dynamics of those benefits. Except for safety and activity benefits associated more with dyke infrastructure, respondents seem to think all three landforms (dykes, dykelands and tidal wetlands) provide many of the same benefits, such as experiences of nature, social interaction, time to reflect and a sense of home. This suggests participants might not perceive problematic trade-offs from changing one landform to another. Respondents living close to dykes were statistically more likely than those further away to report four out of the eight most common benefits. However, proximity to tidal wetlands and dykelands was only associated with receiving one benefit, so stakeholders of those landforms may be widely distributed. Uneven distribution of ES benefit hotspots demonstrates the inability to transfer insight about benefits between communities even when they are nearby and biophysically and demographically similar. Findings question conventional assumptions and techniques involved in ES assessments and stakeholder identification.

ABSTRACT Glaciers serve as sensitive indicators of climate change, with their dynamics significantly impacting regional water resources and global sea level rise. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of glacier snow line altitude (SLA) and flow velocity in the Qilian Mountains during the early 21st century using remote sensing data. Results indicate a rising trend in SLA across both the western and central Qilian Mountains, with the central region exhibiting a higher rate of increase (11.2 m yr−1) compared to the western region (5.99 m yr−1). Concurrently, glacier flow velocities decelerated in both regions at similar rates (0.04 m yr−1 and 0.03 m yr−1, respectively). Glacier thinning observed since 2000, coupled with rising SLAs and decreasing velocities, collectively reflect a negative mass balance. Regional climate analysis reveals pronounced temperature increases (0.26–0.45°C per decade) and modest precipitation gains, aligning spatially with glacier retreat patterns. Overall, the observed changes in glacier behavior reflect the strong influence of ongoing climate change in the Qilian Mountain region.

This community service activity aims to enhance community capacity for flood disaster mitigation in Tambakrejo Village, Semarang City, through strengthening the management of the Early Warning System (EWS). Tambakrejo is a coastal area vulnerable to floods and tidal inundation due to land subsidence and sea level rise. The main problems include low community preparedness and suboptimal management of the existing EWS. The implementation method involved training, mentoring, and the development of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for the local Disaster Preparedness Group (KSB) as the main partner, carried out through stages of socialization, capacity building, implementation, and evaluation. The results showed improved knowledge and skills of KSB members in operating and maintaining the EWS device, along with the creation of a management SOP serving as an operational guide at the community level. This activity demonstrates that community capacity building through participatory and technology-based approaches can strengthen disaster mitigation systems and enhance community preparedness against flood risks in coastal areas.

ABSTRACT Paleontological approaches, such as time-averaging estimates and taphonomic signature analysis, are essential in conservation paleobiology, as they enhance our understanding of species’ past and provide valuable data to inform conservation. In the Patos Lagoon estuary (southern Brazil), surface sediments contain abundant empty valves of the Mactrinae Lamarck, 1809 subfamily, yet no living specimens have been recently reported. This raises the question of whether recent environmental disturbances led to local extinction, or whether these organisms migrated as the coastline evolved. We collected empty Mactrinae valves across the estuary and thirty right valves (> 4 mm) were selected for AMS radiocarbon dating. Among these, 83% yielded calibrated ages between 1,700 and 4,000 years BP, while the remaining ranged from 37,902 to 40,485 years BP. These results indicate that living Mactrinae disappeared from the estuary before urban development. The obtained ages align with the region’s coastal evolution: between 3 and 1.5 ka, sea level fell and coastal progradation intensified, likely shifting suitable habitats seaward. This study provides valuable time-averaging estimates for the largest lagoon complex in South America, thus complementing previous findings from the adjacent inner shelf. Also, it contributes to the reconstruction of historical estuarine baselines and reinforces the importance of conservation paleobiology.

Cobbles play a critical yet underrepresented role in coastal geomorphology and shoreline resilience. This paper synthesizes field observations and monitoring results from dynamic cobble revetments and living shoreline projects along the U.S. West Coast, including Cape Lookout, OR, and Goleta Beach and Surfer’s Point, CA. Cobble berms dissipate wave energy through mobilization, interlocking, and permeability, providing adaptive, low-impact protection while maintaining sediment exchange and habitat value. Integrating cobble processes into sediment management frameworks enhances system-scale resilience and supports nature-based adaptation to sea level rise. Improved understanding of cobble transport, sourcing, and regulatory recognition is essential for advancing coastal sediment management and design practices.

Global warming and climate change remain the foremost environmental challenges worldwide, primarily driven by human-induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions originate largely from the combustion of fossil fuels in industries, transportation, and power generation. Since the industrial era began, GHG emissions have steadily risen, with industrial processes alone contributing about 78% of the increase between 1970 and 2010, according to the IPCC. Developing countries, especially Africa, are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change due to low adaptive capacity, economic constraints, and weak institutional frameworks. In most Africa countries, challenges such as overpopulation, deforestation, poor waste management, poverty, desertification, and farmers-herders’ conflicts, further compound the problem. The Africa continent, especially the West Africa sub-region, faces various climate-related impacts. In Nigeria for example, while southern part of the country experiences sea level rise, flooding, coastal erosion, the north part endures desert encroachment, heatwaves, reduced rainfall and marked rainfall variability. A stark example was the 2012 flood in Nigeria which displaced over 2.1 million people across 30 states. Amid these challenges, nanotechnology emerges as a promising tool for climate change mitigation and environmental management. It offers potential applications in carbon capture, renewable energy, pollution control, water purification, waste degradation, and energy storage. Innovations include photovoltaic solar cells, hydrogen fuel technologies and advanced insulation materials. Despite its promise, large-scale adoption of nanotechnology in Nigeria faces significant socio-cultural and economic barriers. Public skepticism, lack of awareness, inadequate regulatory frameworks, and high costs hinder widespread implementation. Cultural attitudes towards risk and innovation further influence acceptance. This review explores the potentials for nanotechnology applications in climate change mitigation and socio-acceptability issues in Africa. More so, it highlights the need for comprehensive socio-cultural and economic assessments to understand public perception, ethical implications, and financial viability. Emphasis is placed on aligning nanotechnology with local content development to ensure sustainability and inclusivity. For nanotechnology to effectively contribute to Nigeria’s climate resilience, integrative strategies must be adopted. These should address public engagement, regulatory clarity, ethical considerations, and equitable access, ensuring that technological innovation complements the country’s social and economic realities.