Screening Of Antioxidant Activity Research Articles

Preliminary Screening for Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Nociceptive and Antioxidant Activities of Five New Synthesized Paratoluene Sulphonamide Derivatives of Amino Acids

The anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activities of five new synthesized paratoluene sulphonamide derivatives of amino acids were evaluated in this study. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive was evaluated using egg albumin induced paw edema and tail flick rat model respectively, at the dose of 400 mg/kg; while the antioxidant activity was evaluatedin vitrousing 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay. The compounds produced various degrees of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities but did not produce antioxidant effect. The sulphonamide derivative has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties and can be used as drug for this purpose.

Screening for antioxidant and antibacterial activities of phenolics from Golden Delicious apple pomace.

BackgroundSynthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials are losing ground to their natural counterparts and therefore, the food industry has motivated to seek other natural alternatives. Apple pomace, a by-product in the processing of apples, is rich in polyphenols, and plant polyphenols have been used as food additives owing to their strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The goal of this study was to screen the individual polyphenols with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from the extracts (methanol, ethanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and chloroform) of Golden Delicious pomace.ResultsFirst, the polyphenolic compounds (total phenol content, TPC; total flavonoids, TFD; total flavanols, TFL) and antioxidant activities (AAs) with four assays (ferric reducing antioxidant power, FRAP; 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity assay, DRSC; hydroxyl radical averting capacity assay, HORAC; oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay, ORAC) were analyzed. The results showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between AAs and TFD. Ethyl acetate extract (EAE) exhibited the highest TFD with a concentration of 1.85 mg RE/g powder (expressed as rutin equivalents), and the highest AAs (expressed as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) equivalents) with 2.07 mg BHT/g powder for FRAP, 3.05 mg BHT/g powder for DRSC, 5.42 mg BHT/g powder for HORAC, and 8.89 mg BHT/g powder for ORAC. Composition and AA assays of individual polyphenols from the EAE were then performed. Phloridzin and phloretin accounted for 46.70 and 41.94 % of TFD, respectively. Phloretin displayed the highest AA, followed by phloridzin. Finally, the antimicrobial activities of the EAE, phloridzin, and phloretin were evaluated. EAE displayed good inhibitory activities against Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 1.25 mg/ml and against Escherichia coli with a MIC of 2.50 mg/ml. Phloridzin and phloretin showed better inhibitory activities than the EAE, which were MICs of 0.50 and 0.10 mg/ml, respectively, against S. aureus and MICs of 1.50 and 0.75 mg/ml, respectively, against E. coli.ConclusionsEthyl acetate was the best solvent of choice to extract natural products to obtain the maximum antioxidant and antibacterial benefits. Phloridzin and phloretin have the potential to be used as natural alternatives to synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials.

LC-MS Guided Isolation of Bioactive Principles from Iris hookeriana and Bioevaluation of Isolates for Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities.

The genus Iris is diverse both in the abundance of secondary metabolities as well as the biological activities. The rhizomes of Iris hookeriana exhibit significant anthelminthic activity against gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep. Although Iris hookeriana has been a subject of the study of so many phytochemical studies, yet we report some constituents for the first time from this plant using a different isolation approach. This manuscript presents the isolation, antimicrobial and antioxidant evaluation of bioactive principles from Iris hookeriana. LC-MS guided isolation technique was applied for the separation of target constituents. The isolates were characterised by spectral techniques and subjected to antioxidant evaluation by DPPH assay. Four compounds; resveratrol, resveratroloside, junipeginin C and isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperidoside were isolated for the first time along with 3 known compounds viz piceid, irigenin and iridin from I. hookeriana using this approach. The antioxidant activity screening of the isolates revealed that all the 4 constituents isolated for the first time, have strong antioxidant potential with IC50 of 14.0 µg/ml (resveratroloside), 19.7 µg/ml (junipeginen C), 12.8 µg/ml (resveratrol) and 19.8 µg/ml (isorhamnetin-3-O-neohesperodoside). So it can be safely concluded that LC-MS guided isolation of chemical compounds from Iris hookeriana has furnished 4 antioxidant constituents. Thus Iris hookeriana can act as as a good source of wonder molecule resveratrol and its 2 glycosides, resveratrolside and piceid which upon hydrolysis can be converted into the parent drug resveratrol.

Identification by SEM and screening of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Pteropyrum Scoparium Jaub &amp; Spach Leaves using green solvent extracts

The leaves of Pteropyrum scoparium Jaub & Spach are used by the locals in Oman for treating various stomach infirmities including dyspepsia. No analysis of this species in terms of bioactive composition is reported, however members of this family are reported to contain flavonoids and anthraquinones. This study aimed to explore the bioactive compounds in the Pteropyrum scoparium Jaub & Spach leaves and optimize the bioactive compound extraction process using green solvents such as water, 30 % aqueous glycerol and ethanol. We compared the extraction ability of the solvents by estimate the polyphenols and further evaluated the flavonoids and radical scavenging capacity of the liquid crude extract (LCE) s. We also screened the LCEs for presence of any antibacterial ability on selected ATCC gram positive and gram negative bacterial strains. We established the identification data by recording the botanical characters of the leaves using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) so that the future identification and quality assessment can have strong basis. In extraction process we found the 30 % aqueous glycerol to be most efficient solvent in extraction yield of polyphenols followed by water. However, water LCE was found to be highest in the total flavonoids as well as in radical scavenging capacity. Anti-bacterial screening showed average inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth, interestingly the ethanol LCE showed activity against the gram negative E. coli. Overall as we optimized the extraction process for the leaves of Pteropyrum scoparium Jaub & Spach using green solvents, it is considered safe and offers great potential for further purification and application in future studies.

Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antioxidant activities of Dracocephalum kotschyi and determination of its luteolin content.

Dracocephalum kotschyi (Lamiaceae family) has been used in traditional medicine for stomach and liver disorders, headache and congestion. In the present study, we have investigated phytochemical properties and antioxidant activities of dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of D.kotschyi. Antioxidant activities of extracts were evaluated using the integration of HPLC-DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. In addition, the luteolincontent was determined using HPLC method. The highest antioxidant activity was observed for the methanol extract (among the three tested extracts) showing 50% DPPH scavenging activity at 4.85µg/ml as compared to butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) and ascorbic acid (3.00 µg/ml, 0.97 µg/ml). Also, luteolin was detected in methanol extract; it was identified by comparing its retention time and DAD spectra with standard and it was one of antioxidant components of this plant. In addition, the antioxidant activity of methanol extract was higher than BHT, in FRAP assay. Total phenolic content was in the range of 11.62-22.29 mg Gallic acid /gram of dry extract and flavonoid content was in the range of 3.97-5.042 mg Quercetin/ gram of extract for dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. The quantity of luteolin in D.kotschyiwas found to be 1061.005 µg/g of dried plant. The results of this investigation indicated that luteolin plays major role in the antioxidant activity of the plant.

Screening for Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities and Phytochemical Analysis of Oroxylum indicum Fruit Extracts.

Oroxylum indicum, which is called Pheka in Thai, is a traditional Thai plant in the Bignoniaceae family with various ethnomedical uses such as as an astringent, an anti-inflammatory agent, an anti-bronchitic agent, an anti-helminthic agent and an anti-microbial agent. The young fruits of this plant have also been consumed as vegetables. However, there has been no report concerning its antibacterial activities, especially activities related to clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria and the in vitro antioxidant effects of this plant. Therefore, the extracts from O. indicum fruits and seeds collected from different provinces in Thailand were prepared by decoction and maceration with ethanol and determined for their in vitro antibacterial effects on two clinically isolated bacteria, Streptococcus suis and Staphylococcus intermedius, using disc diffusion assay. Ethanol extracts from O. indicum fruits collected from Nakorn Pathom province at the concentration of 1000 mg/mL exhibited intermediate antibacterial activity against S. intermedius with an inhibition zone of 15.11 mm. Moreover, it promoted moderate inhibitory effects on S. suis with an inhibition zone of 14.39 mm. The extracts prepared by maceration with ethanol promoted higher antibacterial activities than those prepared with water. The ethanol extract from the seeds of this plant, purchased in Bangkok, showed stronger in vitro antioxidant activities than the other extracts, with an EC50 value of 26.33 µg/mL. Phytochemical analysis suggested that the seed ethanol extract contained the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (10.66 g% gallic acid equivalent and 7.16 g% quercetin equivalent, respectively) by a significant amount. Thin layer chromatographic analysis of the extracts showed the chromatographic band that could correspond to a flavonoid baicalein. From the results, extracts from O. indicum fruits have an in vitro antioxidant effect, with antibacterial potential, on clinically pathologic bacteria and they contain an antioxidant flavonoid which could be developed for medicinal and pharmaceutical purposes in the future.

A novel highly flexible, simple, rapid and low-cost fabrication tool for paper-based microfluidic devices (μPADs) using technical drawing pens and in-house formulated aqueous inks

Paper-based microfluidic devices (μPADs) are capable of achieving rapid quantitative measurements of a variety of analytes inexpensively. μPADs rely on patterning hydrophilic-hydrophobic regions on a sheet of paper in order to create capillary channels within impermeable fluidic brakes on the paper. Here, we present a novel, highly flexible and low-cost fabrication method using a desktop digital craft plotter/cutter and technical drawing pens with tip size of 0.5 mm. The pens were used with either commercial black permanent ink for drawing fluidic brakes, or with specialty in-house formulated aqueous inks. With the permanent marker ink it was possible to create barriers on paper rapidly and in a variety of designs in a highly flexible manner. For instance, a design featuring eight reservoirs can be produced within 10 s for each μPAD with a consistent line width of brakes (%RSD < 1.5). Further, we investigated the optimal viscosity range of in-house formulated inks controlled with additions of poly(ethylene glycol). The viscosity was measured by capillary electrophoresis and the optimal viscosity was in the range of ∼3–6 mPa s. A functional test of these μPADs was conducted by the screening of antioxidant activity. Colorimetric measurements of flavonoid, phenolic compounds and DPPH free radical scavenging activity were carried out on μPADs. The results can be detected by the naked eye and simply quantified by using a camera phone and image analysis software. The fabrication method using technical drawing pens provides flexibility in the use of in-house formulated inks, short fabrication time, simplicity and low cost.

Enhancement of Antioxidant Enzymes Activities, Drought Stress Tolerances and Quality of Potato Plants as Response to Algal Foliar Application.

Different types of environmental stress may induce several physiological, biochemical and molecular responses in several crop plants. According to a patent study, several types of low antioxidant defense compounds and the activity of various antioxidant defense enzymes are induced in plants grown under various biotic and abiotic stress factors. In this work, the responses of potatoes plant treated with algae extract to drought stress were examined by evaluating the crop yield of tuber, cellular biological compounds (total carbohydrates and proteins), mineral composition and enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant systems and total oxidative compounds. The yield of tuber, concentration of low antioxidant defense compounds (glutathione, ascorbate, carotenoids, total phenol, flavonoids and tocopherols) and the activity of various antioxidant defense enzymes (catalase CAT; peroxidase POD; ascorbate peroxidase APX and superoxide dismutase SOD) in tuber of treated potato plants with algae extract were significantly increased compared with that in non-treated plants. In addition, essential elements: Fe, K, Ca, Mg and P were accumulated at high concentration in treated plant than that in untreated plants. The screening of antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of tubers potatoes treated with algae extracts using the di-(phenyl)-(2,4,6- trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium radical (DPPH) assay radical-scavenging showed an appreciable reduction of the stable radical DPPH with an IC50 of 75 µg/ml. The results suggest that the algae foliar extracts application can improve non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant defense systems in potatoes plant cultivated under drought stress conditions, and it may be recommended for application in arid and semiarid regions.

Screening of Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antileishmanial Activities of Salvia officinalis L. Extracts from Morocco

Screening of Antioxidant, Antibacterial and Antileishmanial Activities of Salvia officinalis L. Extracts from Morocco

In-Vitro Anti-oxidant And Antimicrobial Study of Ficus Hispida

Ficus hispida L. belongs to the Moraceae family and is used by the maaiba trible (indigenous medicine – man of Manipur, India) as an indigenous traditional medicine. Present study deals with the successive extraction of the aerial parts of Ficus hispida and in-vitro screening of anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity. The phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of Ficus hispida shows the presence of secondary metabolite groups like alkaloid, phenolic compounds, flavonoid, glycosides, protein etc. Phenolic compounds are commonly found in both edible and nonedible plants and are responsible for various medicinal activities of plants, so our study is based on determining antioxidant activity and anti-microbial activity. Beside these, we also measured the total flavonoid and total phenolic content of the respective sample to understand the effect of polyphenolic compound on different pathophysiological state associated with high free radical production. The in-vitro investigation proves the efficiency of this plant in various diseases states.

Structure-Functional Study of Tyrosine and Methionine Dipeptides: An Approach to Antioxidant Activity Prediction.

Quantum chemical methods allow screening and prediction of peptide antioxidant activity on the basis of known experimental data. It can be used to design the selective proteolysis of protein sources in order to obtain products with antioxidant activity. Molecular geometry and electronic descriptors of redox-active amino acids, as well as tyrosine and methionine-containing dipeptides, were studied by Density Functional Theory method. The calculated data was used to reveal several descriptors responsible for the antioxidant capacities of the model compounds based on their experimentally obtained antioxidant capacities against ABTS (2,2′-Azino-bis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) and peroxyl radical. A formula to predict antioxidant activity of peptides was proposed.

Screening of antioxidant activity and volatile compounds composition of Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub ecotypes grown in Lithuania

Since biological activity of medicinal plants is dependent on cultivation area, climatic conditions, developmental stage, genetic modifications and other factors, it is important to study flora present in different growing sites and geographical zones. This study was focused on screening of antioxidant activity of C. angustifolium harvested in six different locations in Lithuania. The total contents of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were evaluated by spectrophotometric methods. A correlation between radical scavenging activity and total phenolic compounds content was observed (correlation coefficient 0.98). HPLC with online post-column DPPH radical scavenging reaction detection was used for the separation of extracts. Oenothein B, rutin and one unidentified compound were predominant. Volatile compounds were analysed using solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Based on the analysis of volatiles, all samples were classified into two chemotypes: (I) with predominant α- and β-caryophyllenes and (II) with predominant anethole.

Screening of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities among thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles

Screening of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities among thiopyrano[2,3-d]thiazoles

Screening of Analgesic, Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Metal Complexes of Indomethacin

The present study was performed to evaluate the biological activities of metal complexes of indomethacin with cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc. In radiant tail flick method, complexes of indomethacin with cobalt and copper at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. showed significant central analgesic activity having 66.09% and 75.45% elongation of time after 30 minutes and complexes of indomethacin with copper at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w. showed significant central analgesic activity having 62.47% elongation of time after 60 minutes compared to the standard morphine. In this study, indomethacin and its complexes with cobalt, copper and manganese showed mild antimicrobial activity and the indomethacin-manganese complex also displayed highest cytotoxicity with a lowest LC50 1.222 ± 0.21 ?g/ml and indomethacin-cobalt, indomethacin-copper and indomethacin-zinc had significant LC50 of 1.549 ± 0.39 ?g/ml, 1.662 ± 0.17 ?g/ml and 1.903 ± 0.64 ?g/ml, respectively where standard vincristine sulphate had LC50 of 0.824 ± 0.04 ?g/ml. The complex of indomethacin with cobalt, copper, manganese and zinc revealed % of inhibition 38.46 ± 1.03, 64.31 ± 0.21, 46.71 ± 0.46 and 30.79 ± 0.30, respectively and also had significant IC50 of 17.51 ± 0.62 ?g/ml, 12.31 ± 0.58 ?g/ml, 15.71 ± 0.16 ?g/ml and 19.84 ± 0.08 ?g/ml correspondingly. This study indicates that the complexes of indomethacin had analgesic, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant activities which could be subjected for further therapeutic evaluation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v13i2.21895 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 13(2): 175-180, 2014 (December)

Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Byrsonima species

The species of the Byrsonima genus (Malpighiaceae) have been used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders, asthma and skin infections. In this study, the total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening were carried out in polar extracts of Byrsonima coccolobifolia, Byrsonima verbascifolia and Byrsonima intermedia. The presence of tannins and flavonoids in the samples and high phenols content was observed. B. coccolobifolia and B. intermedia species showed the best results of antioxidant action. It was analysed the correlation between the methods, and there was a great correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant assay, showing that the phenolic substances contribute to the antioxidant activities of these plants.

Antihypertensive Effects of Gmelina Arborea Roxb (Verbenaceae) Leaves Crude Aqueous Extract Fractions in Wistar Rats

The present work was carried out to investigate the antihypertensive properties of fractions Gmelina arborea aqueous extract, one of the medicinal plants used in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Fractions of Gmelina arborea leaves were obtained by liquid-liquid extraction and by sephadex gel chromatography. The chemical screening and detection of anti-oxidant activity of extracts and fractions were performed by thin layer chromatography. Antihypertensive effect has been studied by administration of the extracts and fractions at the dose of 30mg/kg of body weight to wistar rats made hypertensive by L-NAME treatment. Rat arterial blood pressure was measured by carotid catheterization. Eight fractions named F1, F2, F3 and E1, E2, E3, E4, E5 were obtained. Altogether, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, anthracens, napthtoquinons and coumarins were detected in the fractions. Except F3 fraction, all the other extracts and fractions have shown antioxydant activity. F2 fraction, E1 and E3 extracts induced significant reduction of rat mean arterial pressure from 165.5 ± 2.7mm Hg to respectively 121± 1,1mm Hg, 128.5± 2,8mm Hg and 134.2±4 mm Hg. These data suggest that the antihypertensive activity of the leaves of Gmelina arborea could be related to flavonoids compounds alone or synergistically with alkaloids and tannins compounds.

In-vitro Screening for Acetylcholinesterase enzyme Inhibition potential and Antioxidant Activity of Extracts of Ipomoea Aquatica Forsk: Therapeutic lead for Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a primary degenerative disease of the central nervous system. The progression of Alzheimer’s disease will ultimately lead to dementia, behavioral and cognitive impairments. Increased level of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase AChE plays a key role in hydrolysis of the neurotransmitter Acetylcholine (ACh) which worsen the condition of cognitive dysfunction. Several drug of natural origin are known to possess AChE inhibition and antioxidant activity .The main objective of the present study is to evaluate AChE inhibition and antioxidant activity of the plant Ipomoea Aquatica Forsk .Leaves of Ipomoea Aquatica Forsk was extracted with Chloroform, n-Hexane, Ethanol and mixture of Ethanol: water (6:4) (hydro-alcoholic extract) using soxhlet extraction. All the four extracts were examined for In-Vitro anti-cholinesterase by Ellman’s method and antioxidant activity by DPPH and Hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay. Results obtained from the study clearly demonstrates that all four extract has shown promising acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity in hydro alcoholic extract reveals the best inhibition potential with IC50 49.03 μg /ml .Similarly all the extracts projects significant antioxidant activity in DPPH assay with IC50 value ranging from 19.64 to 88.63 μg /ml and in Hydrogen peroxide assay with IC50 value ranging from 56.79 to 137.3 μg /ml.

Screening of antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiradical activities of twelve selected Serbian wild mushrooms

The CUPRAC method was applied for the first time to estimate the antioxidant activity of some mushrooms.

Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the coriander cake obtained by extrusion

This study was designed to examine the effect of operating conditions on essential oil composition and antioxidant activity of coriander cakes. Twenty-nine components were determined in essential oils, which were mostly alcohol monoterpenes. The highest essential oil yields (0.11%) were obtained by the nozzle diameter of 5mm. The main components of cake essential oil linalool, γ-terpinene, geranyl acetate, linalyl acetate and camphor showed significant variations with different nozzle diameter.The total phenol contents and condensed flavonoid contents varied between different nozzle diameters; the highest values obtained of small diameters (5 and 6mm). Significant differences were also found in total tannin contents among different nozzle diameters. The total phenol contents decreased significantly (p<0.05) when increased the nozzle diameter to 9mm and reached 9.11mg GAE/g.The screening of antioxidant activity of the different coriander cakes using the di(phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium radical (DPPH) assay showed an appreciable reduction of the stable radical DPPH, although small nozzle diameter was the most efficient method with an IC50 reached of 55μg/ml as compared with bigger diameter (IC50=88μg/ml).All the extracts had lower β-carotene bleaching activity than that of synthetic antioxidant BHA and BHT. Coriander cake extracts presented a very low reducing power ability (EC50≈700μg/ml) compared to ascorbic acid (EC50=40μg/ml).

Bioautographic screening of Xanthine Oxidase inhibition and antioxidant activities for bioprocess control of in vitro cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants of the Balkan region

Bioautographic screening of Xanthine Oxidase inhibition and antioxidant activities for bioprocess control of in vitro cultivated medicinal and aromatic plants of the Balkan region