This study was undertaken to build upon the work of J. Gordon Zink, DO, FAAO, by developing a novel screening examination (Expanded Zink screen) that can correlate with proper identification of somatic dysfunction, the area of greatest restriction (AGR), and effective treatment in soccer players, which would elevate the osteopathic profession and advance the field of medicine. The objectives of this study are to determine whether the Expanded Zink screen can accurately correlate with the somatic dysfunctions found in soccer players, with what ended up being treated, and with effectiveness of treatment as measured by spirometry. We performed a correlational study that involves female collegiate soccer players during the season who signed up to receive osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) after providing written informed consent. We screened 8 University of Pikeville (UPIKE) women's soccer players; exclusion criteria included any pre-existing health problems, such as bleeding disorders, congenital malformations, and spinal cord injuries. Each soccer player underwent pre-OMT spirometry measurements. Next, each soccer player received a screening examination ("Traditional Zink" screen or "Expanded Zink screen") from Operator 1. The soccer player then received the same screening examination from Operator 2. Operator 2 then found somatic dysfunctions and performed OMT. Finally, Operator 1 completed a re-screen of the soccer player utilizing the initial screen and noted any changes in findings. The soccer player then completed post-OMT spirometry measurements. We find that all players in both groups after receiving OMT have a normal lung function pattern or one that improved from an obstructive pattern to a normal pattern as measured by spirometry. All eight soccer players had lumbar somatic dysfunction, innominate somatic dysfunction, and lower extremity somatic dysfunction. All players had all four junctions equalized post-OMT. Seven out of the eight players had cranial somatic dysfunction, and five of them had their cranial somatic dysfunction treated first, including Player 5, who showed clinically significant improvement in lung function post-OMT. Player 5's ribs were treated second in the treatment sequence. A novel Expanded Zink screen accurately correlated OMT of exhaled ribs to lateral asymmetry in rotation at the cervicothoracic junction in Player 5. Spirometry measurement post-OMT in Player 5 revealed clinically significant improvement in lung function showing 32 % change from obstruction to a normal pattern, which we attribute to correction of restrictive ribcage motion/dysfunction utilizing OMT. Both cranium and rib treatments accurately correlate with Expanded Zink screen findings of cranial and rib somatic dysfunctions in Player 5. The Expanded Zink screen can be utilized as a screening model for the hypothesized correlating body regions to identify significant somatic dysfunction and to augment the physician's ability to detect key body regions that need OMT. Through the use of the Expanded Zink screen, we discovered an out-of-pattern rib somatic dysfunction, which may have led to what we call a "restrictive ribcage motion/dysfunction." This type of rib motion may have been the cause of the obstructive pattern on pre-OMT spirometry seen in Player 5. Once the rib was treated, the restrictive ribcage motion resolved, which allowed lung function to be restored to normal.

Purpose To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) model for digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) with and without prior screening examinations by using independent double reading by radiologists as the reference standard. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included women screened in BreastScreen Norway, 2018-2019. The AI model provided continuous malignancy risk and categorical scores (ie, 1-10) with and without the inclusion of prior examinations for 24 315 women with prior examinations. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was calculated for AI using screening-detected and interval cancers as true-positives. The positive predictive value for a score of 10 was defined as the proportion of screening-detected cancers among all examinations scored 10. Results Among 30 724 DBT examinations of women (mean age ± SD, 61.3 years ± 5.0), the sensitivity of radiologists was 86.0% (95% CI: 81.3, 89.7). Among comparisons that included prior examinations, the AUC of the AI model was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.95), with 81.0% (95% CI: 75.8, 85.3) scored 10 (screening-detected: 88.3% [95% CI: 83.4, 91.9] vs interval cancers: 36.1% [95% CI: 22.5, 52.4]). The positive predictive value was 10.2% (95% CI: 8.9, 11.6). Among cases without prior examinations, the AUC was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.91, 0.95; P = .13), with 82.2% (95% CI: 77.0, 86.4) of all cancer cases scored 10 (screening-detected: 88.7% [95% CI: 83.9, 92.3] vs interval cancers: 41.7% [95% CI: 27.1, 57.8]). The positive predictive value was 8.9% (95% CI: 7.8, 10.1). Conclusion The performance of the AI model was similar to that of double reading by radiologists. Although prior examinations provided limited additional benefit, they offered slightly improved specificities. Keywords: Digital Breast Tomosynthesis, Mammography, Breast Cancer, Screening Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2026 See also commentary by Yao and Chae in this issue.

Young adult women are increasingly undergoing infertility treatment; however, evidence regarding breast cancer screening in this population remains limited. Given that most women in this age group have dense breast tissue, for which mammography has limited sensitivity, breast ultrasound (US) is often used as a screening modality. A diagnosis of breast cancer during infertility treatment may affect both oncologic management and reproductive planning. This study aimed to examine the clinical relevance of breast US in women in their 30s undergoing infertility treatment at an infertility clinic. We retrospectively analyzed 1,336 women aged 30-39 years who underwent screening breast US between November 1, 2018, and June 30, 2025. Analyses were performed on a per-woman basis, including only the first screening examination for each participant. Breast composition was categorized according to the BI-RADS 5th edition Atlas. Screening outcomes-including recall rate, positive predictive value (PPV), cancer detection rate, and US findings (mass and non-mass findings)-were assessed using medical records. The continuation of infertility treatment, defined as ongoing or resumed treatment during the diagnostic evaluation period, was descriptively evaluated as part of the clinical context. Of the 1,336 women, 1,277 (95.6%) were classified as having dense breasts. A total of 140 (10.5%) women were recalled for further evaluation. In these recalled cases, 147 findings were identified, comprising 113 mass lesions (76.8%) and 34 non-mass findings (23.1%). Four breast cancers were identified, corresponding to a cancer detection rate of 0.30% and a PPV of 2.86%. Histological diagnoses included one mucinous carcinoma, two invasive carcinomas of no special type (NST), and one ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). Following diagnostic evaluation, 124 recalled women (88.6%) continued infertility treatment. Breast US screening in women in their 30s undergoing infertility treatment provides descriptive findings within a specific clinical setting. The observed cancer detection rate appears to be within the range reported in previous studies; however, direct comparisons are limited due to differences in study populations and clinical contexts. The clinical course following recall was described as part of the screening pathway. Further prospective and multicenter studies are required to clarify the clinical significance of breast US screening in this population.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a frequent indication for neuroimaging in young children. Head CT is widely available and fast, but it exposes children to ionizing radiation. Routine MRI avoids radiation but is longer and frequently requires sedation. Fast MRI without sedation is increasingly used instead of head CT in young children with head trauma, but the intracranial findings it may miss relative to routine MRI are not well defined. We retrospectively studied children 6 years of age or younger who underwent fast brain MRI for evaluation of TBI and subsequent routine brain MRI within 7 days from 2014 through 2024. Reports were abstracted for traumatic intracranial findings. To address selection bias of the paired cohort, we also identified children who underwent fast MRI as their initial neuroimaging study for evaluation of TBI who did not undergo a subsequent routine MRI within 7 days. We reviewed any return emergency department or inpatient visits within 1 year of the initial fast MRI for evidence of a missed traumatic brain injury. The selected paired cohort included 69 children; 68 had traumatic intracranial findings on routine MRI. Fast MRI detected at least one traumatic intracranial abnormality in all 68 routine-MRI-positive cases. Compared with routine MRI, fast MRI was less sensitive for SAH (18/24, 75.0%) and parenchymal injury (20/31, 64.5%). Among 2471 children with an initially negative fast MRI, 1,122 re-presented to the emergency department or inpatient setting within one year. Four had traumatic findings on follow-up neuroimaging, all attributed to new trauma rather than delayed recognition. In this selected cohort, fast MRI detected traumatic brain injury consistently, while selected components were apparent only on routine MRI. Fast MRI may serve as an initial screening and triage examination in hemodynamically stable children when skull fracture detection or complete forensic characterization is not needed.

College students represent a population that is considered clinically at low risk; yet, early adulthood constitutes a crucial time point when nutritional and metabolic risks manifest themselves. This retrospective observational study evaluated anemia, blood pressure, and body mass index (BMI) characteristics of college students undergoing a health screening examination organized by their university in India. Anonymized electronic health records were analyzed for 13,628 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 years old attending annual health screening from 1 June 2023 to 31 May 2024. The sample consisted of 77.2% of the eligible students. BMI, blood pressure, and hemoglobin levels were classified according to international standards. Gender-based differences were explored through chi-square tests and Cramer's V measures. Association between anemia and screening-confirmed hypertension was assessed using Pearson correlations and multiple logistic regression. In addition, model discrimination, calibration, classification parameters, and internal validation were evaluated. There were 7,012 (51.5%) female students and 6,616 (48.5%) male students in the sample population. In total, 47.3% of the students were either overweight or obese, 8,081 (59.3%) fulfilled the criteria for high blood pressure according to the ACC/AHA guidelines, while 7,227 (53.0%) fulfilled WHO guidelines for anemia based on gender. Hypertension screening was also more common among men (66.6%) compared to women (52.4%; p < 0.001). In the adjusted models, being male was significantly linked with anemia and hypertension screening, while being overweight was significantly linked with hypertension screening. This study showed the high prevalence of undiagnosed anemia and cardiometabolic risks among university students, suggesting the importance of health promoting universities in systematic screening programs and follow-ups.

PurposeTo compare the visual and refractive outcomes of breastfeeding versus non-breastfeeding women who underwent photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) surgery.MethodsIn this retrospective study, medical files of women who underwent PRK surgery between January 2013 and December 2023 were reviewed. The patients were divided into two groups: women who reported breastfeeding during their screening examination and women who did not. Pre-, intra-, and post-operative parameters were compared between the groups.ResultsThe study included 12,843 eyes from 6,567 women, with 550 eyes from breastfeeding women. Time from screening to surgery was similar between groups (159.5 ± 412.5 vs. 142.8 ± 390.6 days, P = 0.331). Breastfeeding women were older (28.7 ± 4.8 vs. 25.6 ± 6.7 years, P < 0.001), had shorter follow-up (61.0 ± 72.9 vs. 70.6 ± 84.0 days, P = 0.008), higher keratometry (44.78 ± 1.49 vs. 44.55 ± 1.54 D, P < 0.001), worse myopia (SEQ -5.31 ± 2.54 vs. -4.65 ± 2.45 D, P < 0.001), and worse uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA: 1.3 ± 1.1 vs. 1.22 ± 1.05, P = 0.006) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA: 0.04 ± 1.0 vs. 0.03 ± 1.0, P = 0.02). Postoperative UCVA (0.03 ± 0.85 vs. 0.04 ± 0.8) and BCVA (0.03 ± 0.89 vs. 0.03 ± 0.85) were similar. Breastfeeding was not linked to higher retreatment rates (P = 0.79). Multivariate analysis found no significant differences.ConclusionWomen who reported breastfeeding on average 5 months prior to surgery achieved visual and refractive outcomes comparable to non-breastfeeding women. PRK appears to deliver satisfactory results within the early postoperative period assessed in this study. Nevertheless, these exploratory findings do not establish long-term refractive stability and should not be interpreted as supporting a change in standard clinical counseling during lactation.

To examine screening mammograms assigned high-risk scores by two artificial intelligence (AI) models, 2 and 4 years prior to screen-detected cancers. This retrospective study was based on data from 130,031 screening examinations performed in BreastScreen Norway (2008-2018), processed by two AI models: a commercial model (A) and an in-house model (B). The study sample included women with screen-detected cancer, and two prior consecutive screening examinations assigned the highest 10% of AI risk scores. Two radiologists conducted an informed review of three consecutive screening mammograms per woman, 4 and 2 years prior to, and at diagnosis. Descriptive statistics assessed the location of AI markings, mammographic features, histopathological tumor characteristics, and visibility of malignancy preceding diagnosis. Model A and B assigned high-risk scores at both prior mammograms for 43 and 47 cases, respectively, with 29 cases selected by both, yielding 61 sets of three consecutive examinations. AI markings corresponded to the cancer location in at least one view in 61% and 57% of cases 4 years prior to diagnosis for models A and B, respectively, while radiologists classified 89% as true negative or minimal sign non-specific. At diagnosis, spiculated mass (28%) and density with calcifications (20%) were the most frequent mammographic features but were absent 2 and 4 years prior. The AI models identified breast cancer in a substantial part of screening mammograms 2 and 4 years preceding diagnosis, but only a few demonstrated suspicious findings according to radiologists. Question Understanding the correspondence between AI markings, cancer location, and mammographic features is important to evaluate AI models' potential to enhance early breast cancer detection. Findings AI markings corresponded to the cancer location 4 and 2 years prior to diagnosis, with evolving mammographic features, yet radiologists classified most examinations as negative. Clinical relevance The discrepancy between AI-identified breast cancers years before diagnosis and radiologists classifying the same cases as negative highlights both AI's potential and the challenges of how best to implement it to enhance early detection.

The accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is a risk factor for renal dysfunction. However, no investigation has been conducted on the association between AGEs and renal function in health screening participants. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the association between AGEs and kidney function in health screening participants who underwent health screening examination. Overall, 1,651 health screening examinees without a history of renal dysfunction diagnosis were recruited and AGE accumulation was measured by skin autofluorescence (SAF). The association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and AGEs was subsequently investigated in all examinees. The mean age was 56.6 ± 9.5 years; 812 (49.1%) were males, and the mean eGFR was 73.3 ± 13.4 mL/min. Multiple regression analysis identified that AGEs were significantly negatively associated with eGFR. This finding was also observed in examinees with normal eGFR (≧ 90 mL/min/1.73 m2, G1 stage according to the Japanese Society of Nephrology: N = 207). In conclusion, skin AGEs were significantly negatively associated with eGFR. To clarify whether AGEs contribute to renal dysfunction progression, additional research is required.

Comorbidity of uveitis and multiple sclerosis.

Screening mammography false-negative rates (FNRs) measure interval cancers (ICs) that are confounded by asymptomatic false-negative (FN) cancers detected on supplemental screening (SS) examinations. The purpose of this study was to 1) evaluate the impact of SS on FNRs for patients at higher-than-average risk in a robust SS program and 2) compare patient and tumor characteristics of symptomatic ICs and asymptomatic FN cancers. Screening mammogram audit metrics from an academic institution from July 1, 2018, to June 30, 2023, were retrospectively reviewed. A negative screening mammogram with a subsequent diagnosis of cancer within 12 months was considered an FN cancer. Patient risk, method of detection, SS utilization, and tumor characteristics were collected. Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used to analyze trends, and univariable tests were used to compare symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. Of 106 750 screening mammograms, 624 screening-detected cancers and 119 FN cancers were identified, with a cancer detection rate of 5.8/1000 and an FNR of 1.11/1000. There were 53 (45%) symptomatic ICs and 66 (55%) asymptomatic FNs, with a symptomatic FNR of 0.50/1000. Patients with symptomatic IC were more likely to have a personal history of breast cancer (P = .0289), and 74% (39/53) were higher-than-average risk. Symptomatic ICs were larger at diagnosis (mean size 2.3 cm vs 1.5 cm; P = .0293). MRI detected the majority (37/66, 60%) of asymptomatic FNs. A robust SS program allows for the symptomatic FNR to fall below published national performance benchmarks from the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium. Most patients with symptomatic IC were at higher-than-average risk and underutilized SS MRI.

Despite their established clinical benefits, breast cancer screening examinations expose women to ionizing radiation (IR) and call for vigilance regarding protocols and practices. This study estimates the population attributable risk (PAR) of radiation-induced breast cancer in France in 2019 that is attributable to past exposure to IR through screening performed in women aged 40 to 74 years old. Breast cancer screening practices were reconstituted for the period 1980 to 2019. Records of recent years were built based on French National Health Data System. An estimation was made for earlier years based on the available literature and expert knowledge. Women diagnosed with a history of breast cancer before mammography were excluded. Absorbed glandular doses to the breast were modeled based on existing literature and reports on French practices. Excess breast cancer cases were estimated using 2 radiation-risk models (Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation VII and the International Commission on Radiological Protection). Of roughly 55 000 new breast cancer cases diagnosed in 2019 in women at least 40 years old, we estimate that approximately 27 might be attributable to past exposures to IR associated with breast cancer screening between the ages of 50 and 74 years. This leads to a PAR of 0.048%. In addition, about 16 cases might be attributable to screening between ages 40 and 49 years, with a PAR of approximately 0.030%. The contribution of breast cancer screening to the breast cancer burden in France is limited. Efforts to limit the dose delivered to the breast must continue.

CAR/BRC Recommendations for Management of Axillary Lymphadenopathy Following COVID-19 Vaccination.

This multi-center retrospective study investigated associations between a 4-month Korean medicine (KM) home-visit program and pain, behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), cognitive function, and caregiver burden in 92 patients with cognitive impairment (Global Deterioration Scale stages 2-5) assessed at baseline, 2 months, and 4 months. Complete case analysis was the primary analytical approach. Significant improvements were observed in Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia: median 4 to 2, p < 0.001) and neuropsychiatric symptom severity (Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire: 3 to 2, p = 0.006). While Mini-Mental State Examination for Dementia Screening remained stable; the Clock Drawing Test showed a non-significant trend toward improvement (p = 0.098). Caregiver burden (12-item Zarit Burden Interview [ZBI-12]) showed a non-significant trend toward reduction (p = 0.074). Subgroup analyses showed exploratory within-group signals for ZBI-12 (mild cognitive impairment group) and CDT (dementia group); between-group differences were not significant. Improvements in BPSD severity strongly correlated with reduced caregiver distress (rho = 0.721, p < 0.001). A 4-month KM home-visit program was associated with significant reductions in pain and BPSD, with stable cognitive outcomes. These hypothesis-generating findings support integrating KM services into community-based dementia care and the design of future controlled trials.

Application of Health Examination in Early Screening of Tumors.

Improving and maintaining high detection rates for major congenital heart disease (CHD) is a priority for successful prenatal anatomy screening programmes. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of on-site multidimensional targeted training in fetal cardiac screening. A prospective study evaluating a targeted fetal echocardiography (FE) training programme in two obstetric tertiary care units was established. The programme was designed and approved by a dedicated fetal cardiology team. The one-day intervention involved supervised hands-on sonography and a prescribed educational programme for sonographers and doctors. The programme was completed by 23 trainees. Evaluation of the programme involved pre and post-training questionnaires and retrospective evaluation of cardiac images from 10 randomly-selected anatomy screening examinations performed by each trainee before and after training. Images were assessed for both technical quality and 6 priority elements of cardiac screening taught in the programme. The results were described with summary statistics and non-parametric tests. 1850 fetal cardiac images obtained before and after training by 21/23 trainees were assessed. Significant improvement was seen in the priority cardiac views obtained, for example from 24%(5/21) to 86%(18/21) for bifurcating pulmonary artery (P-value 0.001), from 33%(7/21) to 86%(17/21) for differential atrio-ventricular valve insertion (P-value 0.001), In addition, technical image quality improvements were observed following training as well as sonographer confidence. A targeted FE training programme can improve understanding of the priority elements required to exclude major CHD in prenatal screening, improve image quality, and sonographer confidence in cardiac screening.

Noncontrast abbreviated MRI demonstrates superior diagnostic accuracy compared to ultrasound for hepatocellular carcinoma detection: Interim results from a prospective surveillance trial.

Early identification of individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes is important in young and middle-aged adults. Although the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) is widely used, its limited clinical practicality has increased interest in the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index as a simpler surrogate marker of insulin resistance. However, the predictive values of longitudinal changes in these indices remain unclear. We analyzed data from 271,592 Korean adults aged 18-49years who underwent at least two health screening examinations. Changes in the TyG index and HOMA-IR were categorized into sex-specific quintiles. Incident type 2 diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 126mg/dL, HbA1c ≥ 6.5%, or initiation of antidiabetic medication. Hazard ratios were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard models. During the follow-up period, 3,841 men and 1,069 women developed type 2 diabetes. Greater increases in the TyG index were consistently associated with a higher risk of diabetes across quintiles in both sexes. The associations with HOMA-IR changes were more variable across analytical models, particularly in the lower quintiles. These findings suggest that monitoring changes in both indices may provide additional information for diabetes risk assessment, with the TyG index showing more consistent associations across models in our study. Further studies in diverse populations are needed to confirm these observations.

Yield of Surveillance Mammography in Autologous Reconstructed Breasts After Mastectomy: A Tertiary Care Study.

BACKGROUND. Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has shown improved screening performance compared with digital mammography (DM), although the modality is less well-studied in women 40-44 years old and 75 years and older. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare screening performance between DM and DBT in Tomosynthesis Mammographic Imaging Screening Trial (TMIST) Lead-In trial (A4705) participants who were ineligible for transition to the full TMIST trial (EA1151) due to age at trial entry (40-44 or ≥ 75 years). METHODS. A4705, a prospective trial recruiting women 40 years old and older at four Canadian sites from October 2014 to July 2017, randomized participants to undergo multiple screening rounds by DM or DBT. Final EA1151 eligibility incorporated a narrower age range of 45-74 years. This unplanned analysis included a subset of A4705 participants ineligible for transition to EA1151 due to age at entry (40-44 or ≥ 75 years old). Examination-level screening performance metrics were calculated. The reference standard was determined by 1-year follow-up after participants' last screening round. RESULTS. The study included 271 A4705 participants (mean age, 54 ± 17 [SD] years) who were age-ineligible for EA1151; 181 were 40-44 years old (76 and 105 randomized to DM and DBT, respectively), and 90 were 75 years old or older (46 and 44 randomized to DM and DBT, respectively). Participants in the DM and DBT arms underwent 389 and 482 screening examinations, respectively (mean, 3.2 screening rounds per participant in each arm). Eight cancers were diagnosed (seven screen-detected [one by DM; six by DBT]; one interval cancer in the DBT arm). In participants 40-44 years old, DM, compared with DBT, exhibited a recall rate of 13.2% versus 12.0%, a cancer detection rate (CDR) per 1000 examinations of 0.0 versus 14.6, a PPV1 of 0.0% versus 12.2%, and a PPV3 of 0.0% versus 83.3%, respectively. In participants 75 years old and older, DM, compared with DBT, exhibited a recall rate of 10.1% versus 3.6%, a CDR per 1000 examinations of 7.2 versus 7.1, a PPV1 of 7.1% versus 20.0%, and a PPV3 of 50.0% in both arms. CONCLUSION. Screening performance metrics were overall more favorable for DBT than for DM in women 40-44 years old and 75 years old and older. CLINICAL IMPACT. DBT may mitigate limitations of DM and improve screening performance in the evaluated age groups.

Purpose To determine the interval cancer rate (ICR) after negative screening contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) and compare the characteristics of interval cancers (ICs) with those of CEM screen-detected cancers. Materials and Methods This retrospective, single-institution study included consecutive screening CEM examinations performed from January 2015 through December 2021. ICs diagnosed within 1 year of a negative screening CEM and all CEM screen-detected cancers were identified. Two breast radiologists independently reviewed prior negative CEM examinations to classify ICs as missed, misinterpreted, or occult. Patient- and lesion-level characteristics were compared between ICs and screen-detected cancers using the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables and the Fisher exact or χ2 tests for categorical variables. Results The study included 6911 screening CEM examinations in 2756 female patients (median age, 53 years; IQR, 47-60 years). Among 6120 negative screening examinations, 14 ICs were diagnosed in 14 patients. The overall ICR was 2.29 cancers per 1000 examinations, and the symptomatic ICR was 0.82 per 1000 examinations (five of 6120). ICs accounted for 13% (14 of 106) of all cancers diagnosed (interval and screen detected). Invasive ICs occurred more frequently in the setting of moderate or marked background parenchymal enhancement than screen-detected cancers (six of eight, 75% vs 17 of 57, 30%; P = .02). Most ICs (10 of 14, 71%) were occult on prior screening CEM. Conclusion The ICR after CEM was 2.29 cancers per 1000 examinations, representing 13% of all cancers diagnosed. Most ICs were occult at prior CEM, and invasive ICs were more frequently associated with moderate or marked background parenchymal enhancement when compared with CEM screen-detected cancers. Keywords: Mammography, Breast, Interval Cancers Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2026.