Screen Exposure Research Articles

The relationship and mechanism of screen time and academic performance among adolescents: an empirical study based on CEPS

ObjectiveThere is an association between adolescents’ screen time and academic performance, but the conclusions remain controversial. In particular, there is a lack of research on Chinese students who face higher academic pressure. Based on this, we aim to explore the relationship and mechanisms between screen time and academic performance among Chinese adolescents.Methods17,150 junior middle school students from China Education Panel Survey (CEPS) from 2013 to 2014 were selected as the participants of the survey. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between screen time and adolescents’ academic performance. On this basis, the Z-test of regression coefficient is used to further investigate whether there is heterogeneity in the type of screen exposure in this relationship. The possible mediating mechanism of the relationship between screen time and adolescents’ academic performance was investigated through path analysis.ResultsScreen time and Chinese (β = −0.022), mathematics (β = −0.048), English (β = −0.043) and 3 total scores (β = −0.113), there was a significant negative correlation (p < 0.01). The time spent watching TV and the time spent on the Internet and playing games were significantly negatively correlated with the academic performance of adolescents (p < 0.01), but there was heterogeneity in the type of screen exposure. The time spent on the Internet and playing games had a significant impact on adolescent mathematics (β = −0.063), English (β = −0.047) and total scores (β = −0.148) produced more negative effects. Path analysis found that cognitive performance was the main path of the relationship between the two, sleep time, mental health, classmate relationship and parent–child relationship were important distal paths, and social relationship construction played a stronger intermediary role in the relationship between screen time and adolescent academic performance.ConclusionThe results support the “negative impact” hypothesis, and the negative effect of surfing the Internet and playing games on adolescents’ academic performance is greater. Screen time directly or indirectly affects academic performance by increasing sleep time, mental health, classmate relationship and parent–child relationship, but the mediating effect of BMI and subjective health perception has not been verified.

Small screens, big impact: prevalence and associated factors of excessive screen time among 2-5-year-olds in southern Karnataka

Background: Screen time (ST) in early childhood is rapidly increasing, with potential adverse effects on physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development. WHO recommends that children aged 2-5 years should not exceed one hour of screen exposure per day. However, data from rural regions in southern India remain scarce. The study estimated the prevalence of excessive ST among children aged 2-5 years in rural southern Karnataka and examined associated socio-demographic and parental factors. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study among 155 parents of children aged 2-5 years in southern Karnataka. Participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected via structured interviews using a pre-tested questionnaire. Excessive ST was defined as >1 hour/day. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed using SPSS. Results: Overall, 49.0% (95% CI: 42.5-55.6%) of children exceeded recommended ST limits. Excessive screen use was most prevalent among 3-year-olds (86.7%) and 5-year-olds (50.7%). All households had televisions; 91.6% had at least one smartphone. Daily screen use was reported in over half of the children. Although 93.5% of parents reported regulating ST, only 28.4% were aware of WHO guidelines. Bivariate analysis showed significant associations between excessive ST and the child’s age, parental education, and number of devices at home. Conclusions: Nearly half of rural preschool-aged children in this study exceeded safe ST limits. Despite widespread device access and parental regulation efforts, awareness of guidelines remains low. Targeted education and community-based interventions are essential to mitigate the impact of excessive screen exposure in early childhood.

Postawy rodzicielskie a czas ekranowy dzieci w młodszym wieku szkolnym: Rola profilaktyki cyfrowej

In the context of increasing digitalization of society, the ways in which early primary school children spend their time are undergoing significant transformation, necessitating a thorough analysis of its consequences. Parents play a crucial role in this process by mediating their children’s interactions with digital technologies, which has a substantial impact on their cognitive, emotional, and social development. This article presents a detailed examination of how various parenting practices, including screen time monitoring, shape children’s engagement with digital media. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between parental attitudes and children's screen exposure time, as well as the identification of preventive measures most frequently undertaken by parents. The study involved 173 participants aged 29 to 44 years (M = 36.56; SD = 3.16; Me = 37), including 127 mothers and 46 fathers of children aged 7 to 10 years from Podkarpackie Voivodeship in Poland. The research employed the Parental Attitudes Scale (SPR) by Mieczysław Plopa (2008) and a custom-designed questionnaire aimed at collecting data on the number and type of preventive actions taken by parents in the context of screen education and children's screen time. The findings indicate that fathers’ autonomy-supportive attitudes are negatively correlated with children's screen time – less autonomy granted by fathers is associated with longer screen exposure. Furthermore, the number of preventive actions taken by mothers is negatively correlated with protective and inconsistent parenting attitudes, suggesting that more protective and inconsistent mothers engage less frequently in preventive measures. Conversely, among fathers, an attitude of acceptance and support for autonomy is linked to greater involvement in preventive actions. The qualitative analysis of parental responses suggested that their efforts focus primarily on controlling screen time, highlighting the need for further education and support in digital mediation. The study's conclusions emphasize the importance of parental mediation, media literacy education, and the implementation of effective preventive strategies to minimize digital risks.

French childminder knowledge of pediatric guidelines for screen use: An observational study.

French childminder knowledge of pediatric guidelines for screen use: An observational study.

IMPACTOS NEUROCOGNITIVOS E PSICOPEDAGÓGICOS DA EXPOSIÇÃO PRECOCE ÀS TELAS DIGITAIS: UMA ANÁLISE CRÍTICA DAS EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS E IMPLICAÇÕES PARA POLÍTICAS DE SAÚDE INFANTIL

Early and prolonged exposure to digital screens represents one of the main contemporary challenges for healthy child development. This article presents a critical and comprehensive analysis of the most recent scientific evidence on the neurocognitive and psychopedagogical impacts of electronic device use in early childhood. Through a systematic review of literature published between 2020 and 2025, including meta- analyses, neuroimaging studies, and large-scale longitudinal research, we examine the effects of screen exposure on brain development, cognitive functions, language skills, and socioemotional competencies. Evidence demonstrates consistent associations between excessive screen time and structural brain alterations, including reduced cortical thickness in critical areas for language and executive functions, elevation of biological stress markers such as cortisol, and deficits in sustained attention skills and emotional self-regulation. Recent studies reveal that contexts of use are as important as the amount of exposure, with parental co-viewing and age-appropriate educational content demonstrating protective effects. Analysis of updated American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines reflects a paradigmatic shift from exclusive focus on time to the quality of digital interactions. Psychopedagogical implications include the need for educational mediation strategies, parental training programs, and intersectoral public policies that promote conscious and developmental use of digital technologies in childhood.

The interplay between digital media, shared book reading and sleeping problems in early language development

The main goal of this study was to explore the impact of digital media (screen exposure and video calls) on children’s early language development by exploring its interrelationships with shared book reading and children’s sleeping problems. The cross-sectional data of 362 families with children aged 30 to 41 months old were collected and a structural equation analysis was used as a multivariate analysis technique to explore the complexity of the relationships among variables of interest. Screen exposure was significantly and negatively related to book reading and marginally and positively related to sleeping problems. The results indicated that screen exposure and video calls were not associated to children’s linguistic development; rather book reading was the main predictor. Maternal education was also a key factor on these interrelationships, as children from families in which the mother had a higher education degree spent less time with screens and were more exposed to shared book reading. The findings of this study provide additional insights on the relationship between digital media use and language development in the early years and highlight the importance of raising awareness among parents of the relevance of practices out of screens, such as book reading.

The relationship between screen exposure and behavior problems in children: a network analysis

ABSTRACT Mounting evidence highlights the link between screen exposure and behavior problems. However, The structure of the network of problem behaviors in preschoolers exposed to screens has not yet been explored. This study aimed to construct a psychological network structure of behavior problems in preschoolers, and investigating the ‘nodes’ within the structure impacted by screen exposure by utilizing network analysis. We conducted a survey of 779 parents with children aged 4–7 using a general questionnaire, a screen exposure time questionnaire, and a difficulties and strengths questionnaire to examine the network structure of problem behaviors in children exposed to screens compared to those who are non-screen-exposed children. The core symptoms of problem behaviors in children of the screen exposure group were S25, S13 and S5; The core symptoms of children in the non-screen exposure group were mainly S15 and S13; The global intensity invariance test indicates that there is a statistically significant difference in the sum of all edge weights. Screen exposure is a negative influencing factor for children’s problem behaviors. With different degrees of exposure, the core symptoms and overall connectivity of the problem behavior symptom network are also different. In the future, precise and effective interventions can be carried out targeting the core targets of the symptom network of children’s problem behaviors to promote the physical and mental health development of children.

The effect of digital devices screen use on intraocular pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The widespread adoption of digital screens has raised concerns about potential impacts on ocular health, particularly intraocular pressure (IOP). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine the association between digital screen use and changes in IOP. We conducted a comprehensive search across multiple electronic databases through January 2024, and reported adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies included clinical trials published in English, evaluating the effects of digital screen use on IOP. Statistical analyses were performed with Stata software, calculating the overall effect size using the weighted mean difference (WMD) of IOP changes among healthy and glaucomatous participants before, during (5, 15, 25, 30, 45, and 60min), and after screen exposure. Nine studies involving 675 eyes were included. Among healthy participants, IOP significantly increased at 25min, with an increase of 1.53 mmHg [0.83, 2.24] (p = 0.00). Other time intervals (5, 15, 30, 45, and 60min) showed no significant changes. Post-exposure, IOP returned to baseline levels without any significant change from baseline (p > 0.05). In glaucomatous individuals, IOP rose by 1.13 mmHg [0.46, 1.80] at 5min (p < 0.001) and 2.49 mmHg [0.33, 4.65] at 25min (p = 0.02), with no significant changes at other intervals. Screen exposure can lead to temporary IOP increases, especially in individuals with glaucoma. Larger, well-designed clinical trials are necessary to confirm these findings, understand underlying mechanisms, and identify risk factors. This study highlights the potential ocular health risks associated with prolonged screen use. What is known Using digital screen has been associated with various ocular effects including eye strain, dry eye, and changes in Intra ocular pressure (IOP). Previous studies have suggested temporary IOP changes with digital screen use, however findings were inconsistent. What is new This systematic review and meta-analysis highlights that digital screen exposure leads to significant IOP increases at specific intervals, in both healthy and glaucomatous individuals. Glaucomatous participants experience more pronounced IOP elevations, emphasizing the need for tailored recommendations for this group. The study identifies potential mechanisms, including accommodation, postural influences, and blue light exposure, that contribute to these changes, underscoring the complexity of digital screen use's impact on ocular health.

Examining the Impact of Screen Time on Clinical Presentation and Symptom Severity in Children Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study

Background: Long-term screen exposure negatively impacts children’s physical, psychosocial, and cognitive development. Studies reveal an association between prolonged media exposure, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-related behaviors, and a heightened risk for the diagnosis. This study investigated the psychosocial and symptomatic impacts of screen time in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methods: Children aged 6-18 years with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder recruited to the child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic were included ( n = 215). A sociodemographic form including information on media usage and the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale were applied. Independent groups were compared using t -tests and analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U -test, and Kruskal–Wallis H -test. Chi-squared analysis was used for categorical variables, and Spearman correlation was used for quantitative variables. Results: Average media exposure was 6.27 ± 2.89 h/day. No significant differences were observed based on gender or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder subtype. Lower maternal education was associated with decreased internet and computer use, whereas television viewing and smartphone use were similar across groups. Daily smartphone use was significantly associated with low paternal education and low academic achievement. A significant relationship was found between oppositional, inattention, and Clinical Global Impression scores and daily smartphone usage. Hyperactivity scores were significantly higher in patients who watched TV for more than 2 h/day. A weak but significant positive correlation was detected between hyperactivity and TV exposure as measured by the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale ( r = 0.165). A weak but significant positive correlation was also found between internet/computer use and both restless-impulsive ( r = 0.188) and emotional lability scores ( r = 0.219). Additionally, total media exposure showed a weak significant correlation with oppositional scores on the Conners’ Parent Rating Scale ( r = 0.189). Furthermore, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-Combined type was significantly associated with longer media exposure. Conclusions: Increased media exposure may contribute to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder-related behaviors. Assessing media exposure across diverse sociocultural backgrounds is essential to promote healthier habits and enhancing well-being in children with ADHD.

Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Information Technology Professionals With High Screen Exposure

Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Information Technology Professionals With High Screen Exposure

Sleep quality and renal function among Chinese incoming college freshmen: the mediating role of lifestyle behaviors.

This study investigates the association between sleep quality and renal function indicators, with a focus on how lifestyle behaviors mediate this relationship among Chinese incoming college freshmen during post-examination vacation period. This cross-sectional study included 3,743 non-smoking, non-drinking freshmen from two universities in Xuzhou, China. Data on demographics, sleep quality, and blood biochemical indicators were collected through self-administered questionnaires, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and physical examinations. Multiple logistic regression (MLR) was applied to explore the related biochemical indicators associated with sleep quality. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was subsequently used to evaluate the mediating effects of lifestyle factors in this relationship. Higher creatinine levels (OR = 1.01, p = 0.002) increased the risk of poor sleep quality, while higher urea levels (OR = 0.87, p < 0.001) decreased it. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors were also associated with sleep quality, including habitual caffeinated beverage intake (OR = 1.11, p = 0.003) and daily screen time (OR = 1.08, p = 0.001). Stratified analyses by gender further supported these associations, especially in females. SEM revealed that sleep quality could affect renal function (represented by creatinine and urea) though the independent mediating effect of daily screen time and the chain mediating effect of caffeinated beverage intake and daily screen time. These findings suggest that promoting healthy sleep, limiting screen exposure, and reducing caffeine consumption may help protect renal health in incoming college freshmen.

Effect of Posture Management and Strengthening of Deep Neck Flexors in Cervical Pain with Forward Head Posture Due to Increased Screen Time in Young Adults

Prolonged screen exposure often leads to cervical pain and forward head posture (FHP) in young adults. The management of this condition requires an understanding of ergonomic corrections and strengthening techniques for cervical stabilizers

Attitudes and awareness of professionally active people on eye diseases prevention-a descriptive cross-sectional survey.

The use of screen devices is a common aspect of everyday life. Additionally, for the majority of adult workers, their job is closely associated with using monitors. Prolonged or improper use of screens, especially at a close distance from the eyes, can result in eye fatigue and the development of basic refractive errors. Professional workers are particularly susceptible to the onset of certain vision disorders, notably those related to prolonged near work and screen exposure (such as myopia), and awareness of potential risks contributes to the mitigation of negative consequences associated with visual impairments. To assess the level of awareness and attitudes regarding preventive measures for eye diseases among working individuals. A survey was conducted from September 27th, 2023 to December 1st, 2023, among 251 working individuals. The research tool consisted of a custom proprietary survey questionnaire. The obtained survey results were subjected to statistical analysis using non-parametric tests (χ2, Fisher's, Kruskal-Wallis) and parametric tests (Bartlett's, ANOVA), depending on the type of data. Only 32.27% of participants demonstrated a satisfactory level, and 30.28% a good level of awareness regarding the prevention of eye diseases. A correlation was found between the level of awareness and education. Individuals with intermediate and higher education most frequently received satisfactory and good evaluations. The highest mean score was 25.55 out of 38 possible points and was achieved by participants with higher education. No significant correlation was observed between the level of awareness and the type of occupation. The level of awareness and attitudes of the surveyed group of working individuals regarding the prevention of eye diseases is limited. Therefore, it is crucial to strive for a change in the current state and to expand the awareness of working individuals in Poland regarding the safe use of screen devices in both stationary (office) and remote (home) work conditions.

The Parental Blueprint: Early Childhood Lifestyle Habits and Family Factors Predict Opting for Middle Childhood Sport Involvement

Background/objectives: Early childhood is marked by rapid physical and cognitive development, underscoring the critical influence of parental choices in shaping habits, pastimes, and traditions. The World Health Organization highlights habits of physical activity, sleep, and screen use as modulators of healthy development and well-being in young children. As a first, this birth cohort study investigates the relationship between movement behaviors in toddlerhood and subsequent sport participation during middle childhood. Methods: Participants are 930 boys and 926 girls from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development. Using a population-based analytical approach, we examined the relationship between parent-reported active leisure, sleep, and sedentary screen time at age 2 years and trajectory of sport participation between ages 6 and 10 years using sex-stratified linear regressions that account for a range of pre-existing individual and family confounding factors. Results: Many child and family characteristics predicted early childhood movement behaviors, distinctly for boys and girls. Moreover, parental regulation of screen time during early childhood significantly influenced their decisions to enroll and encourage sport participation in sons during school age. Specifically, boys who spent more than 1 h/day on screens had 10% fewer chances of consistently participating in sport throughout middle childhood, even after accounting for adherence to other lifestyle habits. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that parental values regarding early childhood screen exposure are an effective potential target for intervention fostering healthy and active development. Future research should focus on parent and child motivations for sport involvement in the long-term.

Collegiate Student-Athlete Perception of Value and Programming Barriers in Pre-Participation Movement Screen Implementation

BackgroundPre-participation movement screenings, such as the Functional Movement Screen (FMS™), may have an important role in assessing physical activity readiness before an athletic season. However, the implementation of these screens by qualified health and fitness professionals continues to be challenging due to cost, screen availability, and community accessibility.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess athlete’s previous screen exposure, perception of screen value, and identify barriers in performing a pre-participation movement screen for college-aged student-athletes.Study DesignDescriptive cross-sectional surveyMethodsA 17-item online survey was emailed to 686 student-athletes throughout the Pennsylvania State University Commonwealth Campuses. Data were collected from September 2022 to April 2023. Descriptive statistics for nominal and ordinal data were summarized and analyzed for differences with a one-way chi-square test.ResultsA total of 140 college-aged student-athletes (27 male, 83 female, and 1 non-binary) from Pennsylvania State University Commonwealth Campuses—including Beaver, Behrend, Mont Alto, and Shenango—responded to an online Qualtrics™ survey. Participants varied in academic cohort with representation from each year. In student-athletes who responded to the survey, only 41% (n=41/100) reported that they had ever been exposed to the FMS™. When asked about perceived value, 69% (n=69/99) of student-athletes reported that the screen could aid in the identification of injury vulnerability while 50% (n=50/100) reported that movement screening information could be used in programming to enhance athletic performance. Seventy-five percent of student-athletes responding to the survey reported that they would participate in movement screening if it took less than 10 minutes to complete.ConclusionStudent-athletes at the collegiate level appear to have little experience with pre-participation movement screens such as the FMS™. Although less than half of the student-athletes reported previous screening experiences, many perceived value in pre-participation movement screens for themselves, coaches, and athletic trainers.

The effects of screen time on teen sleep

This review synthesizes findings from 16 studies published between 2020 and 2025 to investigate how teenage screen use affects sleep outcomes. The goal was to examine the effects of screen usage on sleep length, quality, circadian rhythms, and disturbances connected to pandemics. Studies examining screen-related sleep outcomes in adolescents aged 12 to 19 using quantitative or mixed-method approaches were found through a systematic search of databases, including PubMed and ScienceDirect. The results showed that longer sleep length and worse sleep quality were caused by more screen time, especially interactive activities like social media and gaming. Sleep onset was delayed, and the production of melatonin was reduced by blue light exposure, while REM cycles were disturbed, and nighttime awakenings were increased by cognitive stimulation via interactive material. Misalignments in circadian rhythm were especially noticeable when screens were used right before bed. The effects were made worse by the COVID-19 pandemic, as recreational screen use and remote learning resulted in irregular sleep patterns and heightened sleep difficulties. These results highlight how screen time affects sleep through a combination of behavioral and physiological factors. The data show that targeted interventions are necessary to minimize pre-sleep screen exposure, even though other studies questioned the notion that all screen use is harmful. To lessen these negative impacts and safeguard long-term sleep health, it is crucial to encourage healthier digital behaviors among teenagers.

Cone beam computed tomography (CT)-assisted radiologically inserted gastrostomy. Technical considerations and impact on radiation dose.

Cone beam computed tomography (CT)-assisted radiologically inserted gastrostomy. Technical considerations and impact on radiation dose.

Children Development and Screen Exposure Time Effects: A review article

Children Development and Screen Exposure Time Effects: A review article

Effect of Smartphone usage on Visual Fatigue Assessed by Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency among MBBS Students Aged 18-25 Years: A Pre-post Experimental Design

Introduction: Prolonged smartphone usage has been linked to visual fatigue, primarily due to continuous exposure to blue light emitted from screens. Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency (CFFF) is a well-established physiological marker for assessing visual fatigue, where a decline in CFFF values indicates increased ocular strain and reduced visual efficiency. Medical students, who extensively use smartphones for both academic and personal activities, are particularly vulnerable to digital eye strain. Understanding the impact of sustained screen exposure on CFFF is essential for promoting visual health and implementing preventive strategies to mitigate screen-induced fatigue. Aim: To assess the effect of one hour of smartphone usage on CFFF as a marker of visual fatigue among MBBS students aged 18-25 years. Materials and Methods: This pre-post experimental study was conducted over a period of six months, from October 2023 to April 2024, at SRM Medical College and Hospital, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India involving 182 MBBS students aged 18-25 years with daily smartphone usage exceeding three hours. Baseline CFFF values were recorded using a flicker fusion apparatus, followed by one hour of smartphone usage that involved reading text and watching videos. Postexposure CFFF values were then measured under standardised conditions. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 and a paired t-test was performed to assess statistical significance (p-value &lt;0.05). Results: A statistically significant reduction in CFFF was observed following one hour of continuous smartphone usage, indicating increased visual fatigue. The baseline CFFF values averaged 35.46±3.58 Hz, which declined to 25.91±3.50 Hz postexposure. The mean difference in CFFF values was 9.555±4.770 Hz, confirming a notable reduction in visual processing efficiency which was statistically significant (p-value of 0.001) highlighting the impact of prolonged smartphone exposure on visual strain and fatigue. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that one hour of continuous smartphone usage leads to a measurable decline in CFFF, indicating significant visual fatigue. Implementing preventive strategies, such as the 20-20-20 rule, blue light filters and controlled screen brightness, may help mitigate screeninduced eye strain among medical students. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term impact of smartphoneinduced ocular fatigue and its potential implications for digital eye health.

Problematic Smartphone Use and its Association with Sleep Disturbances: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The widespread integration of smartphones into daily life has raised concerns about their potential impact on Sleep Quality (SQ). Excessive smartphone use, particularly before bedtime, may contribute to sleep disturbances through prolonged screen exposure, cognitive stimulation and night-time interruptions. Given the critical role of sleep in overall health and wellbeing, understanding the association between problematic smartphone use and sleep disturbances is essential. Aim: To examine the association between Problematic Mobile Phone Use (PMPU) and SQ among adults, highlighting its potential impact on sleep patterns and overall wellbeing. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Indira Medical College and Hospitals, Tiruvallur, Tamil Nadu, India from January to June 2024. A total of 92 adult participants were included in the study. Problematic Smartphone Use (PSU) was assessed using a modified PMPU Questionnaire, while SQ was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Correlation analysis, multiple regression and logistic regression were performed to examine relationships and identify predictors of SQ. Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between PMPU scores and PSQI scores (r=0.61, p-value &lt;0.001). Multiple regression analysis identified the PMPU score as the strongest independent predictor of poor SQ (β=0.512, p-value &lt;0.001), even after controlling for age, gender and mobile phone use duration. The association was strongest among younger participants (18-25 years: r=0.68, p-value &lt;0.001) and slightly more pronounced in females (r=0.65, p-value &lt;0.001). Logistic regression confirmed that each 10-point increase in PMPU score raised the odds of poor SQ by 2.35 times (OR=2.35, 95% CI: 1.62-3.41, p-value &lt;0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a significant association between PMPU and decreased SQ. Beyond screen time and content, PMPU represents an important factor influencing sleep health.