Scores Of Study Group Research Articles

Application effect of early care inpatient mode in patients with colorectal cancer surgery

Objective To evaluate the application effect of early care inpatient mode in patients with colorectal cancer surgery. Methods From March 2015 to March 2016, 46 patients with colorectal cancer surgery were divided into the control group and the study groups according to the order of hospitalization, with 23 cases in each group. Patients in the control group were given routine colocolorectal cancer surgery treatment and nursing measures, while patients in the study group were given early care inpatient mode when they were admitted in the hospital based on the conventional care. Psychological pain and the score of quality of life (QOL) in two groups before admission and after discharge were compared. Results There was no significant difference in psychological pain between two groups before admission (P>0.05). The psychological pain scores in two groups were all reduced after discharge, but the score in the study group (113.48±10.83) was lower than that in the control group (164.13±13.17) (P 0.05). After discharge, the QOL sores in two groups were all improved, and the QOL score in the study group (127.66±10.52) was higher than that in the control group (113.74±7.94) (P<0.01). Conclusions Early care inpatient mode in patients with colorectal cancer surgery, can effectively reduce the psychological pain and improve the QOL, so as to improve the clinical efficacy. Key words: Colorectal cancer; Perioperative nursing; Quality of life; Psychological pain; Early care inpatient mode

EFFECTIVENESS OF HANDS OFF VERSUS HANDS ON TECHNIQUES ON PERINEAL TRAUMA AND PERINEAL PAIN AMONG PARTURIENT MOTHERS

Background: Labor is the process by which the fetus and the placenta leave the uterus. Delivery can occur in two ways, vaginally or by a cesarean delivery. The majority of women who have a vaginal birth will sustain perineal trauma from a spontaneous perineal tear or episiotomy or both.Aim: This study aims to assess the effectiveness of hands off versus hands on techniques on perineal trauma and perineal pain among parturient mothers in selected hospitals, Kerala.Methods: The research design adopted in this study was true experimental post test only design. The study was conducted in 3 hospitals at Kerala such as Karothukuzhiyil hospital Pvt, Lakshmi hospital Pvt and Carmal hospital Pvt. Sample size was computed by power analysis based on the previous studies and it would be a total of 90 samples, with 30 parturient mothers in each groups. Simple random sampling technique (Lottery method) was adopted for the selection of parturient mothers into the study. Perineal trauma was assessed by the scale given by Royal College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RCOG), 2001, and visual analogue scale (Combined numerical and categorical pain scale) was used to assess the perineal pain of parturient mothers.Results: The results showed that, there was extremely significant difference found in perineal trauma and perineal pain of parturient mothers between study group I and study II at p=0.000 level. The mean scores of study group I was lesser than the mean scores of study group II. Conclusion: Different perineal techniques and interventions such as hands on technique, hands off technique, perineal massage, warm compresses etc can be widely used by midwives and birth attendants to prevent perineal trauma during labour. Key words: hands off technique, hands on technique, perineal trauma and perineal pain

The implementation and reflection of the application of cross-disciplinary joint teaching model on medical humanity courses

Objective To explore the difference between the results of the cross-disciplinary joint teaching method and the traditional teaching method in medical humanity courses. Method 128 students in one military medical university were selected to be randomly assigned to the study group and the control group, using the cross-disciplinary joint teaching mode (study group, n=64) and traditional teaching mode(control group, n=64) in medical humanity courses. For the joint teaching mode, we compiled the teaching materials of medical humanities, formed the teaching team and organized the academic communication after class by social media. After all courses were finished, the subject cognition and approval of whole students were evaluated by the unified arranged examination and questionnaire. Then the data was processed by SPSS 18.0. Results On the aspect of subject cognition, the total scores of the study group were higher than control group in health law [(76.2±3.34) vs. (72.5±4.76); t=3.32, P=0.000] and medical ethics [(75.3±2.93) vs. (68.3±3.10); t=4.01, P=0.000]. On the aspect of subject approval, the recognition of the students of the study group in these three subjects were more than those of the control group except the self-evaluation of medical psychology (P=0.000). Conclusion The application of cross-disciplinary joint teaching method on medical humanity courses contributes evidently to the promotion of the medical humanity quality of clinical medical students. To implement this model, however, multisided resources are needed for colleges to coordinate, for perfect results require more practical exploration. Key words: Medical humanity; Cross-disciplinary joint teaching; Course reform; Case method

Effect of health education based on the theory of transtheoretical model(TTM) on self-efficacy, health beliefs and health behaviors of patients with coronary heart disease

Objective To explore the effect of health education based on the theory of transtheoretical model(TTM) on self-efficacy, health beliefs and health behaviors of patients with coronary heart disease. Methods A total of 80 patients with coronary heart disease in our hospital from June 2012 to July 2015 were selected and were randomly divided into study group and control group according to the random number table method, 40 cases in each group.The control group carried out routine nursing intervention, while the study group were introduced into the health education based on the theory of transtheoretical model on the basis of the control group.The patients of the two groups were evaluated by self-efficacy scale, health belief scale and health promoting lifestyle before and after seven months' intervention. Results After intervention, the self-efficacy score of the study group was significantly higher than that of the control group(P 0.05). The overall scores of susceptivity, severity, hamper, advantages and motives for health-maintenance and health beliefs of the study group after intervention were all higher than that of the control gtoup, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). After the intervention, the total mean scores of the self-actualization, interpersonal relationship, sports, health obligation, nutrition, stress management, and health behaviors of the study group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions To introduce the health education based on the theory model for patients with coronary heart disease is helpful to improve the patients' self-efficacy and health beliefs, and can improve their health behaviors.The implementation of the health education based on the theory model gain a more significant clinical effect, it is worth clinical promotion. Key words: Transtheoretical model; Health education; Coronary heart disease; Self-efficacy; Health belief; Health behavior

A PROPOSED PROGRAM FOR DEVELOPING ENVIRONMENTAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS ASSOCIATED WITH FOOD PROCESSING AMONG AGRICULTURAL SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

This study drives at developing awareness of knowledge and environmental skills associated with food manufacturing among students of agricultural secondary stage. The researcher has fulfilled his study by reviewing literatures and established a pilot study for tackling these topics. The study uses several tools including the Environmental Knowledge Test, Observation Card of Environmental Skills associated, and A Proposed Program For Developing Environmental Knowledge And Skills Associated With Food Processing. with nutritional industrialization, to be applied on a sample of (100) male/female students of secondary agricultural schools in Qaluibyia governorate Using experimental Curriculum Tools are applied pre/post the proposed program. The study. comes to these results: There is a significant statistical difference at (0.05) between average scores of Students study group regarding the pre/post application of the Environmental Knowledge Test and Observation Card of Environmental Skills in favor of the post application. There is a very highly positive correlation at (0.01) between average scores of students on Environmental Knowledge Test, Observation Card of Environmental Skills and The treatment impact is calculated and so the impact of the independent variable (0.99) to tow study tools (the Environmental Knowledge Test, Observation Card of Environmental Skills) It was further calculate average percentage gain was (1.249) for the Environmental Knowledge Test, while the ratio (1.2099) Observation Card of Environmental Skills. The study recommends: 1- Include the environmental dimension and environmental terms and knowledge contained the present study methods of education, especially technical secondary education Agricultural of food to take advantage of the proposed program 2. The need for Ministries of Education and the Ministry of Agriculture Cooperation, facilities and food processing, and those responsible for livestock, and vegetable, and food industries, and industries nutrients, and complementary to serve the agricultural high school students, including benefits them and develop their knowledge of environmental and skills outside courses to books and outside the school environment (such as traffic factories lectures specialists from those actors and distribution of memoranda explaining the ways of working markets in the field of food processing) 3. follow modern teaching methods, and varied with the help of technologic4l means, field visits, away from traditional teaching in the agricultural education schools roads.

Combination of glycolic acid peel and topical 20% azelaic acid cream in melasma patients: efficacy and improvement in quality of life.

Glycolic acid (GA) peel is one of the most versatile agents in the treatment of melasma. GA peeling alone or in combination with topical hypopigmenting agents has shown encouraging results. However, there is paucity of controlled trial demonstrating the efficacy of glycolic peel in conjunction with topical azelaic acid (AA). We therefore sought to highlight the efficacy and safety of this combination in melasma. To assess the clinical efficacy, safety and reduction in melasma quality of life (MELASQOL) scores on combining serial GA peels with topical 20% AA cream in epidermal melasma. Sixty patients of epidermal melasma were enrolled for 24 weeks. Patients were divided into two groups: (1) Study group received serial GA peel every 3 weeks with twice daily 20% AA cream, and (2) control group received only 20% AA cream. Clinical improvement was assessed objectively using Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI). Melasma-related quality of life was measured by MELASQOL scale in both groups. Side effects were observed at each visit. The improvement in MASI and percentage decrease in MASI scoring were statistically significant 12 weeks onwards in study group as compared to control group. There was also a significant reduction in MELASQOL scores in study group as compared to control group after treatment. Minor reversible side effects were observed in both groups, which did not require cessation of therapy. GA peel enhances therapeutic efficacy of topical AA cream for treatment of melasma, with improvement in quality of life without serious side effects.

A study on early development of medical students' common competency in physiology teaching by case-based learning

Objective This study discusses the role of casebased learning (CBL) in the development of common competency in medical students. Methods One hundred and twenty-one students of Grade 2013 and Grade 2014 majoring in clinical medicine were divided into study (Grade 2014: 63 students) and control (Grade 2013: 58 students) groups. The study group was composed of 5 teams, with 12 or 13 students in each team. CBL and traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) were applied to the study and the control groups respectively. After the courses, a questionnaire with 10 indicators of medical students' common competency was scored by the students. The scores were entered into SPSS 19.0 for two independent-samples ttest. Results The effective questionnaire recovery rates for the study and the control groups were 92.1% and 98.3% respectively. For the medical students' post competency index, students in the study group scored significantly higher than those in the control, with knowledge mastery, study interest, learning initiative, in-dependent learning, problem analyzing, problem solving showing the following scores, respectively: (5.57±0.77), (5.28±1.01), (5.16±0.91), (5.05±1.05), (5.10±0.89), and (5.09±1.01), compared to those in the control showing the following scores, respectively: (5.14±0.99), (4.82±1.12), (4.75±1.07), (4.46±1.09), (4.70±1.03), and (4.68±0.97), and the differences were statistically significant (P< 0.05). Besides, students in the study group performed much better in communication, collaboration, information collection, or critical thinking than those of the control (P<0.05), with scores in the study group showing (4.97±1.08), (5.33±0.94), (5.21±0.97), and (4.98±0.96),respectively and those in the control (3.93±1.16), (1.95±0.85), (2.21±0.98) and (2.12±0.91), respectively, and the differences had statistical significance. Conclusion CBL can promote the early development of medical students' common competency during basic medical education and compared to the traditional LBL, teaching in smaller teams is much better in ability training. Key words: Case-based learning; Basic medical education; Physiology; Common competency

Altered neural circuits accompany lower performance during narrative comprehension in children with reading difficulties: an fMRI study.

Narrative comprehension is a linguistic ability that is foundational for future reading ability. The aim of the current study was to examine the neural circuitry of children with reading difficulties (RD) compared to typical readers during a narrative-comprehension task. We hypothesized that due to deficient executive functions, which support narrative comprehension abilities, children with RD would display altered activation and functional connectivity, as well as lower performance on a narrative-comprehension task. Children with RD and typical readers were scanned during a narrative-comprehension task and administered reading behavioral tests. Children with RD scored significantly lower on the narrative-comprehension task than did typical readers. Composite activation maps showed more diffused activation during narrative comprehension in the RD group. Maps comparing the two reading groups showed more activation in the frontal lobes (regions responsible for executive functions), and functional connectivity showed higher global efficiency in children with RD than in typical readers. Global efficiency was negatively correlated with phonological awareness and reading and executive function scores in the entire study group. Children with RD may suffer from narrative-comprehension difficulties due to diffused activation of language areas, as was observed during a narrative-comprehension task. Greater effort in this task may be reflected by the engagement of brain regions related to executive functions and higher functional connectivity or attributed to difficulties in phonological processing and reading and executive functions. Therefore, the accommodation given to children with RD of reading aloud may need to be revised due to the observed difficulty in this domain.

Somatoform disorders in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus

This study aimed to investigate the correlation of psychiatric disorders with tinnitus and tinnitus handicap scores. A total of 30 patients and 30 otherwise healthy people were enrolled for the study. Somatoform disorder questionnaire SDQ-20 was filled in by both the study and the control group. Tinnitus handicap scores were filled in study group. Tinnitus handicap scores were 28.1±19.8, and somatoform disorder questionnaire scores were 30.5±7.3 in the tinnitus group. In the control group the somatoform disorder questionnaire scores were 25.4±4.6. (1) We found a statistically significant difference between somatoform disorder questionnaire scores between groups (p<0.05). (2) There was a statistically significant difference between tinnitus handicap scores and somatoform disorder questionnaire scores in study group (p=0.0). The correlation between these tests was positively strong (R=0.782). (3) There was no statistical difference between genders. We recommend investigating patients with long-lasting tinnitus for psychiatric comorbidity in relation to somatoform disorders in cooperation with psychiatric clinics.

The Assessment of Family Functions, Dyadic Adjustment, and Parental Attitude in Adolescents with Substance Use Disorder.

Family structure and family attitudes have been reported to be important factors in the development of substance use disorders. In this study, we aimed to assess the relationship between substance use and family functions, parental attitude, and parental dyadic adjustment of adolescents with substance use disorder. The study was conducted on 50 patients, comprising 9 female and 41 male adolescents between the ages of 14 and 18 years, treated at Bakırköy Mental Health Hospital, Substance Abuse Research, Treatment and Education Center for Children Adolescents (ÇEMATEM), Turkey, with the diagnosis of substance use disorder according to DSM-5 and their parents and a control group comprising 50 healthy adolescents without any psychopathology or substance use disorder and their parents. The study was designed as a matched case-control study for age and gender. Sociodemographic Data Form (SDF), Parental Attitude Scale (PAS), Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), and Family Assessment Device (FAD) were applied to both groups. When the study and control groups were compared with regard to the PAS, the study group scores determined for "involvement-acceptance," "psychological autonomy," and "control-supervision" dimensions were significantly lower than the control group scores. Compared with the control group, dyadic adjustment was lower in terms of "dyadic cohesion," "dyadic consensus," and "affectional expression." Living with biological parents and the togetherness of parents were lower in the study group. "Problem solving," "communication," "roles," "affective responsiveness," "affective involvement," "behavior control," and "general functioning" dimension scores according to FAD were also significantly higher in the study group. Compared with togetherness of the controls, the dyadic adjustment of their parents was lower and family functions as perceived by the parents and adolescents were unhealthier in the adolescents using substances. These findings indicate that the family functions, dyadic adjustment, and parental attitude styles need to be assessed in the risk groups to determine familial risk factors and to structure protective measures. These assessments may guide clinicians and policy-makers toward good clinical practice and help build protective measures.

Investigating the effect of an empowerment program on physical activity of the elderly in Rezaeian Health Center, Iran, in 2014.

Background:Reaching geriatric period is one of the greatest successes in human Beings. The older adults are predisposed to risk of many diseases and disabilities, and physical activity is one of the most efficient methods to prevent geriatric period disorders. Therefore, the present study aimed define the effect of an empowerment program on physical activity of the elderly residing in Shahid Rezaian health care center in 2014.Materials and Methods:This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 70 older adults, age 65 years and over, selected through convenient sampling and assigned to groups of study and control. Study group was divided into 5 seven-member subgroups and a one-hour session of physical exercises was administrated for them once a week for eight sequential weeks. All subjects evaluated before and after intervention by International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Subjects’ physical activity was scored, based on the personal activity protocol,and the results were compared. Significance level was considered as P<0.05.Results:Frequency distributions of the female subjects were 29 (82%) and 28 (80%) in study and control groups respectively. Mean (SD) scores of physical activity were 347.8 (174.1) and 321.7 (119.2) before intervention, and 641.3 (240.6) and 331.3 (101.5) after intervention in study and control groups respectively. Independent t-test showed a significant increase in physical activity score in study group, compared to control (t=4.06, P<0.001).Conclusions:The level of physical activity can be improved in the elderly through application of an empowerment program so as to take steps toward solving their immobility related problems and promoting their health through application of an empowerment program at this period of their life.

Effect of using an intra-oral camera as a reinforcement tool for plaque control in a supervised toothbrushing program: An interventional study

Introduction: Supervised toothbrushing program at schools have indicated limited improvement in oral hygiene among children. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether the use of an intra-oral camera as a reinforcement tool in a supervised tooth brushing program at school can improve plaque control. Materials and Methods: A double-blind, parallel, two arm interventional study was conducted among 120 school children from 2 schools, aged 12-year in Pune. The study group received an intervention of supervised toothbrushing and reinforcement sessions for 30 days using intra-oral camera. The control group received only supervised toothbrushing. Evaluation for plaque control was performed at the end of 30 days, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Analysis of co-variance was used to find the intergroup difference at different time intervals. Analysis of variance was used to find the intragroup differences of the plaque scores. Post hoc Bonferroni test was used to find the pairwise changes in plaque scores between different time intervals. Results: In the study group, the mean plaque score was reduced to a significant extent from baseline to 30 days and 3 months (P < 0.05) and then the plaque score remained stable until the end of 12 months. While in the control group, the plaque score increased compared to baseline. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean plaque scores of study and control group at each time interval (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Intra-oral camera can be effectively used as a reinforcement tool in supervised toothbrushing program at school for achieving higher plaque reduction.

Effectiveness of Selected Relaxation Exercises on Reducing Premenstrual Syndrome Symptoms among Girls

Premenstrual syndrome is a common menstrual disorder occurring due to cyclic hormonal fluctuations and is present in most girls. Anxiety is one of the common psychological symptoms experienced by the girls suffering from premenstrual syndrome. These symptoms need to be managed at an early age with the help of some effective alternative treatment approaches such as meditation and progressive relaxation exercises, so as to ensure these girls with a productive and healthy future. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of selected relaxation exercises on reducing anxiety and premenstrual syndrome symptoms among the girls in study group as compared to control group. The research approach was evaluative and the research design was single-blind randomized control trial. A sample of 230 girls were selected using simple random sampling technique by lottery method, who belonged to KLEU's Institute of Nursing Sciences, Belagavi, Karnataka. Data was collected using standardized scales such as Zung's self rating Anxiety Scale and Moo's Menstrual Distress Questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of mean, standard deviation and paired and unpaired ‘t’ test. The study findings revealed that the mean difference of post intervention anxiety and premenstrual syndrome symptoms scores in study and control group showed a significant reduction in anxiety and premenstrual syndrome symptoms (t=8.058, p<0.001 and t=5.450, p<0.001 respectively). The study concluded that selected relaxation exercises demonstration program was an effective method to reduce anxiety and premenstrual syndrome symptoms in the girls.

The effects of short-term use of compression stockings on health related quality of life in patients with chronic venous insufficiency.

[Purpose] This study was aimed to analyse the effects of short-term use of compression stockings (CS) on symptoms and QoL in patients with Chronic Venous Insufficiency (CVI). [Subjects and Methods] Based on the CEAP classification C2 and C3, 117 patients with CVI were enrolled in this study. The participants were divided into two groups. The control group refused to use CS, however, was advised to do exercises and take skin care whereas the CS group used CS and performed exercise. The data were collected by using Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Venous Insufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study (VEINES-QoL/Sym) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) at baseline and after four weeks of treatment and compared within and in between groups. [Results] The comparison of pre- and post-treatment differences between groups was statistically significant for all parameters. In the study group, pre- and post-treatment scores for each parameter were significantly different. However, elevated scores in the control group suggested worsening of the illness. [Conclusion] This study established that short-term use of CS in patients with CVI significantly improved disease specific and general QoL by reducing venous symptoms. Further studies with larger sample size are necessary to confirm these findings.

Cognitive Function and Its Relationship with Macular Pigment Optical Density and Serum Concentrations of its Constituent Carotenoids.

Background: Macular pigment (MP) levels correlate with brain concentrations of lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), and have also been shown to correlate with cognitive performance in the young and elderly.Objective: To investigate the relationship between MP, serum concentrations of L and Z, and cognitive function in subjects free of retinal disease with low MP (Group 1, n = 105) and in subjects with AMD (Group 2, n = 121).Methods: MP was measured using customized heterochromatic flicker photometry and dual-wavelength autofluorescence; cognitive function was assessed using a battery of validated cognition tests; serum L and Z concentrations were determined by HPLC.Results: Significant correlations were evident between MP and various measures of cognitive function in both groups (r = –0.273 to 0.261, p≤0.05, for all). Both serum L and Z concentrations correlated significantly (r = 0.187, p≤0.05 and r = 0.197, p≤0.05, respectively) with semantic (animal) fluency cognitive scores in Group 2 (the AMD study group), while serum L concentrations also correlated significantly with Verbal Recognition Memory learning slope scores in the AMD study group (r = 0.200, p = 0.031). Most of the correlations with MP, but not serum L or Z, remained significant after controlling for age, gender, diet, and education level.Conclusion: MP offers potential as a non-invasive clinical biomarker of cognitive health, and appears more successful in this role than serum concentrations of L or Z.

Can thromboembolic risk be associated with erectile dysfunction in atrial fibrillation patients?

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is highly prevalent in patients with diseases of cardiovascular system, including patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Reasons for this high co-prevalence include endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative and emotional stress associated with AF. Association of AF-induced prothrombotic state and possible microthrombi in penile arteries with ED remains unclear. The present study aims to assess if probability of AF-associated risk of peripheral thromboembolism may be associated with ED in AF patients. Probability of thromboembolic complications was assessed with two commonly used risk scores CHADS₂ and CHA2DS₂-VASc in a group of continuous AF patients. All patients were also asked to fill an IIEF-5 questionnaire designed for screening for ED. Mean CHADS₂ score in the whole study group was 1.1 ± 1.0 points and CHA₂DS₂- -VASc was 1.5 ± 1.4 points. ED was present in 57.4% of the 129-person study population. In patients with ED, both CHADS₂ (0.9 ± 1.0 vs. 1.3 ± 1.1; p = 0.03) and CHA₂DS₂-VASc (1.2 ± 1.1 vs. 1.8 ± 1.5; p = 0.03) scores were significantly higher than in the group without dysfunction. After dividing the patients according to age into groups younger than 65 years vs. ≥ 65 years, observed correlation was no longer significant in the younger group (p > 0.05). In patients ≥ 65 years, in whom the risk scores are routinely used, dysfunction both CHADS₂ (1.1 ± 0.9 vs. 2.0 ± 0.9; p = 0.02) and CHA₂DS₂-VASc (2.3 ± 1.1 vs. 3.4 ± 1.3; p = 0.04) scores were higher in the group with ED. Erectile dysfunctions in AF patients are associated with elevated cardioembolic risk. We postulate that the diagnosis of ED should be considered an additional marker of prothrombotic state, and may be useful in clinical decision-making, especially in patients ≥ 65 years old.

Adequacy of twice weekly hemodialysis in end stage renal disease patients at a tertiary care dialysis centre.

Hemodialysis has improved the morbidity and mortality associated with end stage renal disease. In India, hemodialysis prescription is empiric, which leads to complications related to under-dialysis. Hence, adequacy of hemodialysis in Indian setting was analyzed in this study. A total of 50 patients on twice per week hemodialysis were assessed for 1 month. The number of sessions meeting standards laid out by Kidney Diseases Outcome Quality Initiatives (KDOQI) guidelines were calculated. They were divided into two groups: one in whom dialysis was monitored and session length enhanced to meet the minimum standard Kt/V of 2 and second control group; where Kt/V was not monitored. Hemoglobin (Hb) levels, albumin levels, mean arterial pressure and World Health Organization (WHO) quality of life (QoL) score were compared in the two groups after 6 months. Only 28% of hemodialysis sessions were adequate as per KDOQI guidelines. There was significant improvement in Hb levels (1.47 vs. 0.15 g/dl), mean arterial pressure levels (15.2 vs. 3.16 mm Hg), serum albumin levels (0.82 vs. 0.11 g/dl) and WHO QoL score (17.2 vs. 2.24) in study group as compared to control group. Standard Kt/V can be used as an important tool to modify twice weekly dialysis sessions to provide better QoL to the patients. However, studies with larger sample size are required to conclusively prove our results.

EPA-0733 - Role of social anxiety and impulsivity in the diagnosis of depression

Mental disorders require a comprehensive and specialized psychiatric and psychological assistance, so it is necessary to evaluate patients' mental state with specialized tools. The usability of Barratt Impulsiveness Scale and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale and their correlation with the Beck Depression Inventory to determine the mental state of the patient. The study included 67 patients. The study group had 30 patients treated in open ward of the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy GCM SUM throughout 11/2012-03/2013. The control group included 37 patients without mental disorders. Three questionnaires were used: Beck, Barratt and Liebowitz. Analyzed groups had significant differences in terms of Beck Scale (U Mann-Whitney test p=0.000001).) Average score in study group: 22.8+/-12.8 median 22; in control group: 7.51+/-6.7 median 6. Groups had significant differences in terms of Liebowitz Scale (U test Mann- Whitney test, p = 0.0067). Average score in study group: 56.8+/- 29.3 median 57; in control group: 37.2+/-26.2 median 28. Groups had significant differences in terms of Barratt Scale (t-student test p=0.001). Average in study group: 66.7+/-10 median 67; in control group: 59.1+/-8.2 median 58. Significant positive correlation was observed between the results of Beck Scale and Liebowitz Scale (r = 0.602289). The intensity of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety is directly proportional to the severity of depression according to Beck. The degree of impulsivity with Barrat scale does not correlate with the level of depression according to Beck scale.

Effect of Exposure to Positive Images of Dentistry on Dental Anxiety among 7 to 12 Years Old Children.

ABSTRACT%Aim: To evaluate the effect of exposure to positive images of dentistry on dental anxiety among 7 to 12 years old children.Materials and methods: Controlled trial. Assessment of anxiety and analysis of data were conducted blind to experimental condition. Assessment of anxiety was carried out in the waiting room prior intervention, postintervention into the operatory during the treatment and again after the completion of treatment. Anticipatory anxiety was recorded by Venham's picture test (VPT).Participants: Sixty children of 7 to 12 years age group.Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to one of two conditions. In both conditions the participant was asked to look at photographs for 2 minutes in the waiting area prior to their appointment. The intervention consisted of viewing positive images of dentistry and dental treatment (study group), the (control group) consisted of neutral images. The assessment of anticipatory dental anxiety was made blind to experimental condition and statistical analysis was conducted blind to group membership. Anticipatory anxiety assessed by the VP T.Results: A total of 60 subjects participated in the study and were equally and randomly allotted to study group (positive image) and control group (neutral image). The mean anxiety score found at waiting area before intervention, after intervention (OPD) and postoperative was statistically significant in study group. Post hoc comparison of anxiety score in study group showed high statistical significance.Conclusion: Positive dental images have an effect on reducing anxiety as compared to neutral images when measured by the VPT.How to cite this article: Gangwal RR, Badjatia SR, Dave BH. Effect of Exposure to Positive Images of Dentistry on DentalAnxiety among 7 to 12 Years Old Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(3):176 -179.

Clinical outcomes of a polyaxial interspinous fusion system.

BackgroundEarly interspinous process fixation constructs utilize rigid fixation plates with immobile spikes which increase the difficulty of device implantation when anatomic variations are encountered. Second generation systems have been designed with polyaxial properties with the goal of accommodating natural osseous anatomic variations to achieve optimal implant placement and fixation integrity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes in patients treated with this device to supplement the biomechanical data from previous studies.MethodsA retrospective, non-randomized, single-center chart review at or beyond the one year postoperative time point was conducted to collect preoperative and perioperative data on patients treated with a polyaxial intraspinous fixation system. A postoperative numerical pain rating scale and modified MacNab classification score were obtained from each patient in the cohort via phone survey.ResultsA total of 53 patients were included in the study. Median hospital stay was 2 days (range 1-7 days). There were no reported perioperative blood transfusions or cases of radiographic fracture/migration of the device at the 6 week post-operative time point. There was a significant improvement in pain index score in the overall patient study group and a satisfactory (excellent or good) MacNab result was obtained in 48% of all patients. Patients with preoperative pain scores greater than 8/10 reported more pain improvement than patients with preoperative pain scores less than 5 (0 points, p = 0.96, n = 8). Patients with a BMI less than 30 had significantly better MacNab outcome classifications than patients with a BMI greater than 30.ConclusionsThe polyaxial interspinous fusion system produces significant clinical improvement when employed to treat patients with stenosis, herniated disc, or low grade spondylolisthesis. This device can be implanted with a low complication rate and short postoperative hospital admission time. Patients with high pre-operative pain score and BMI under 30 can be predictors of better clinical outcome and should be considered prior to implantation.