ABSTRACT As rapid demographic ageing reshapes the region, cross-border retirement in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has emerged as a strategic priority. Adopting a ‘retirement mobilities’ framework, this scoping review synthesises 18 studies (2006–2024) to examine this transition. Our analysis reveals a critical paradigm shift: While financial portability barriers have been largely resolved, challenges have migrated towards care system compatibility, specifically impacting frail older adults concerned with medical quality. A gap persists between policy incentives and retiree uptake. Notably, the GBA case illuminates four key non-monetary challenges – digital exclusion, social isolation, cultural dissonance, and institutional mistrust – that carry vital lessons for ASEAN and the broader Asia-Pacific as they seek to support cross-border retirees. Ultimately, sustainable ‘ageing across places’ requires service integration beyond mere monetary transfers.

Ocular features in sepsis - a scoping review.

ABSTRACT Purpose This is a scoping review of low-intensity, home-based interventions promoting learning for 11–17-year-olds in foster care. Research shows that children in out-of-home care fall behind in school compared to their peers. Interventions to improve learning outcomes for these children typically i) target young children or children aging out of care, and ii) require many resources to implement. Low-intensity, home-based interventions for foster children have shown promise. Materials and Methods We used scoping review methodology to comb through the research literature in four languages across 15 databases. Results From the resulting 1355 studies, we identified nine studies comprising seven interventions meeting our inclusion criteria, which we categorized into three groups: interventions with tutors as delivery agents (n = 3), interventions with foster carers as delivery agents (n = 3), and interventions based on distributed materials (without delivery agents) (n = 1). We describe the interventions in each category, their key similarities and their outcomes. Discussion Interventions vary in delivery agents and session structure, with tutor-led programs often aiming to improve math and reading skills. While such interventions may have limited efficacy compared to high-intensity alternatives, they offer advantages in feasibility, reach and sustainability, potentially yielding broader population-level impact. Geographic differences suggest contextual factors influence delivery models. Matching interventions to children with fewer support needs and ensuring fidelity is key to meaningful outcomes. Conclusion There is a need for more well-evaluated low-intensity, home-based interventions that address the unique contextual factors of out-of-home care.

To map and critically appraise the current literature on Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in emergency general surgery, with a focus on clinical decision-support tools for preoperative risk stratification and intraoperative assistance, and to identify ethical, structural, and regulatory barriers to implementation. A scoping review was conducted within the ARIES project, following established methodological frameworks. Relevant studies evaluating AI-based tools in emergency surgical settings were systematically identified and analyzed. The literature describes AI applications mainly in two domains: preoperative decision support, including risk prediction and diagnostic or triage models for acute abdominal and traumatic conditions, and intraoperative assistance, largely focused on computer vision-based systems for anatomical recognition, safety guidance, and navigation in minimally invasive emergency procedures. Additional contributions address training and telementoring platforms, as well as cross-cutting ethical, legal, and regulatory considerations relevant to AI adoption in emergency surgical care. AI has the potential to complement emergency surgeons' clinical judgment, but its routine adoption in emergency surgical practice remains limited. Addressing methodological, ethical, and regulatory challenges, together with the development of robust data infrastructures and targeted training pathways, is essential to support safe, effective, and equitable implementation in acute care settings. In addition, the lack of dedicated investment and sustainable funding models for large-scale clinical implementation and prospective evaluation represents a critical barrier to the translation of AI from research into routine emergency surgical practice.

Cutting-edge dual process health behavior theories propose micro-temporal within-person processes to be critical drivers of physical activity participation. Self-efficacy is the pivotal motivation-oriented correlate of physical activity, a key component across the most prominent health behavior change theories, and has predominantly been researched as stable interpersonal 'trait' factor. However, the micro-temporal within-person 'state' perspective on self-efficacy remains uncharted. To tackle this research gap, we conducted a scoping review and examined (1) time-sensitive (i.e., assessment time span) and (2) theory-conform operationalization of self-efficacy measures as well as (3) within-person variance reports from ecological momentary assessment studies in the physical activity context among healthy adults. A scoping review of English articles using PsycINFO, PsycArticles, PSYNDEX, SPORTDiscus and PubMed was conducted up to September 2025. Eligible studies focused on (1) physical activity in (2) healthy adults aged + 18 years and (3) applied multiple within-day, daily or weekly assessments of self-efficacy. Findings were summarized through quantitative analysis of the evidence. A total of 13 studies was included. Most studies assessed self-efficacy through multiple assessments per day and with a focus on the near future (i.e., next few hours post ecological momentary assessment). The 13 identified self-efficacy items were operationalized according to self-efficacy theory, but varied in semantics, psychometrics, and source. Five studies reported intraclass correlation coefficients that revealed self-efficacy within-person variance to range between 51% and 89%. Given the pivotal role of self-efficacy across various health-behavior theories and the recent relevance attributed to micro-temporal within-subject processes, thus far surprisingly few studies researched how self-efficacy unfolds within-persons across time. However, the few studies identified provide initial evidence that self-efficacy varies within individuals across time in everyday life, including a tendency towards higher within-person variance for momentary versus day level assessments, and thereby empirically supporting dual process models. Items were assessed dynamically using repeated measures per day and according to theory but differed in conceptual and semantic features. Future research is encouraged to further investigate how self-efficacy unfolds across time, by testing various sampling strategies and applying advanced designs to shed light on the precise timing of effects and to inform adaptive and expedient intervention development.

Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs), introduced by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), refer to areas outside formal protected-area networks that deliver effective and enduring in situ biodiversity conservation. This scoping review systematically examined global approaches to identifying and evaluating potential OECMs. Analysing 99 studies covering 694 case studies and 237 000 potential sites, we found that potential OECMs are widespread, particularly in Asia and terrestrial environments, with most initiatives led by the environmental sector. Assessments relied largely on qualitative expert knowledge, with limited application of analytical methods. Although CBD criteria were commonly applied, contributions of related to ecosystem services and socio-cultural values were often overlooked. Effectiveness evaluations showed considerable uncertainty, with over one-third of case studies reporting inadequate evidence of conservation outcomes. The review emphasises the need for standardised assessment methodologies, improved decision-support tools, and socio-cultural integration to enhance OECM recognition, particularly under the 30 × 30 conservation biodiversity target.

Pediatric movement disorders (PMDs) frequently require escalating neurosurgical therapies. Institutional studies describe local preintervention evaluation for selected PMDs; however, no international consensus guidelines exist. The authors aimed to review preintervention screening for PMDs and present a suggested preintervention framework for children with PMDs who might benefit from neurosurgery. A scoping review was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines adapted for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) and the JBI scoping methodology to compile information about the preoperative evaluation of PMDs across various institutions. Data were synthesized and a preintervention framework was developed. Twenty-one studies were included. Presurgical evaluations included multidisciplinary evaluation, imaging, physical therapy, occupational therapy, gait analysis, nutritional analysis, and genetic analysis. These data were used to create presurgical algorithms for pediatric hypertonia defined by dystonia, spasticity, or mixed hypertonia. Each diagnosis-specific algorithm guides the clinician through the recommended evaluation and toward the appropriate neurosurgery. An evidence-based, structured, diagnosis-related presurgical algorithm for PMDs could mirror existing approaches for medically refractory epilepsy and improve patient care via standardization of indications, workup, and recommendations. This scoping review identifies gaps in all major aspects regarding the presurgical workup of PMDs and suggested surgical plans.

Background: Most ICU patients are in the terminal phase and require complex palliative care support and End-of-Life Care (EoLC). Nurses play a central role in symptom management, emotional support, and shared decision-making. However, evidence on nurses’ experiences in providing EoLC remains fragmented and lacks a comprehensive synthesis. Objective: This review aimed to identify, map, and synthesize global evidence on ICU nurses’ experiences in delivering EoLC, including challenges, coping strategies, and implications for critical care nursing practice. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Systematic searches were performed in the PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Thematic analysis was applied to the qualitative studies to identify patterns and key issues. Results: Twelve qualitative studies conducted in diverse countries met the inclusion criteria. Five major themes emerged: (1) emotional and moral challenges; (2) cultural and spiritual influences; (3) communication and interprofessional collaboration; (4) professional development and organizational support; and (5) resource constraints. These findings indicate that ICU nurses’ experiences with EoLC are multidimensional and shaped by the cultural context and institutional policies. Conclusions: ICU nurses’ experiences with EoLC reflect complex ethical, emotional, and organizational dimensions. Improving care quality requires structured training, organizational support, and culturally sensitive policies to strengthen critical care nursing practice.

Background: The heterogeneity of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in real-world evidence highlights the need to identify patterns, knowledge gaps, and priorities for future research. Objectives: To assess in labels the expected irAEs associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, and colon cancer and evaluate their incidence, clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in real-world studies. Methods: Medicine Agency data sources (Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency) were assessed for labeled irAEs associated with ICIs, and a comprehensive literature review according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping review was performed by retrieving observational and target trial emulation studies conducted using data collected in administrative healthcare databases (AHDs) and in spontaneous reporting systems (SRSs) concerning the drugs and tumors of interest from PubMed. irAEs’ incidence, onset, management, and outcomes were retrieved. Results: ICI combination therapy increases irAE occurrence, and inter-agency differences emerged. From PubMed, 49 observational studies were included, 22 on SRSs and 27 on AHDs. The ICIs most frequently evaluated were pembrolizumab and nivolumab, and the irAEs most reported were “lower respiratory tract disorders (excluding obstruction and infection)” (SRSs) and “epidermal and dermal conditions” (AHDs) for both drugs. Missing information on survival analysis, therapy dechallenge and rechallenge, concomitant therapies, comorbidities, time to onset, and duration of irAEs were highlighted. Conclusions: This scoping review highlights the complex, multi-organ irAEs from ICIs, underlining the need for tailored monitoring and management based on both regulatory and real-world evidence.

Lablab ( Lablab purpureus ) is a resilient, multipurpose legume with potential to improve food and feed security, enhance soil fertility, and support climate-resilient agriculture in Tanzania’s dryland regions; however, comprehensive syntheses of its agronomic, socioeconomic, and ecological roles remain limited. To address this, a scoping review was conducted of studies published between January 2000 and June 2025 in Tanzania and comparable dryland agroecological zones in Sub-Saharan Africa. Systematic searches in Scopus and Google Scholar used structured Boolean strings including keywords related to lablab, dryland farming, forage, fodder, intercropping, nitrogen fixation, soil fertility, pests, diseases, market access, and adoption potential, and reference lists of included studies were screened manually. Of 120 full-text articles assessed, 85 met inclusion criteria and were analyzed thematically. Results show that lablab is well-adapted to semi-arid and dryland zones, contributes to soil health, supports livestock feed and human nutrition, and enhances climate-resilient farming systems, while adoption is constrained by limited farmer awareness, inadequate agronomic knowledge, scarcity of improved seeds, weak market linkages, and climate variability. These findings provide a structured evidence map of lablab’s roles, challenges, and potential, highlighting opportunities for coordinated interventions targeting seed systems, value chains, and extension services to facilitate mainstreaming, promote resilient low-input agricultural systems, and support sustainable livelihoods.

Patients with a history of trauma may be re-traumatised by healthcare experiences. Trauma-informed care (TIC) offers nurses an alternative approach to identifying and understanding the impact of trauma on symptoms and behaviours to reduce distress and re-traumatisation during medical treatment. However, despite the need for TIC in healthcare, it is not widely understood or implemented, resulting in a gap between literature and practice. This scoping review aimed to map current literature to explore what nurses need to know about TIC for patients with a history of traumatic experiences to avoid re-traumatisation for adult patients. Following Arksey and O’Malley’s scoping review framework and the PRISMA-Scoping Review Checklist, five databases were searched, and fifteen articles were selected for inclusion. Findings indicated the relevance of TIC in the nursing sector, with a push towards universal TIC precautions. A lack of understanding of trauma and TIC among nurses was revealed, specifically in the translation of theory to practice. However, nurses recognise the value of TIC and the impacts of positive therapeutic relationships, including the basic tenets of patient-centred nursing care and TIC knowledge, to avoid patient re-traumatisation in the healthcare setting. Gaps in the literature included research in the Aotearoa New Zealand context, TIC nursing education, and the continued development of TIC practices in differing nursing care areas. TIC continues to be defined as relevant to differing practice areas. Te reo Māori translation Me Mōhio ngā Tapuhi ki te Aha mō te Taurimatanga i Runga i ngā Tikanga Tautiaki mō te Kohuki: He Arotakenga Whakahōkai Ngā Ariā Matua Ko ngā tūroro i pāngia i mua e te kohuki tērā pea ka kohukia anō nā te pānga o te taurimatanga hauora. Ko te taurimatanga i runga i ngā tikanga tautiaki mō te kohuki (Trauma-informed care - TIC) tētahi anō huarahi mō ngā tapuhi ki te tohu atu, ki te mārama hoki ki te pānga o te kohuki mō ngā tohu whakaatu me ngā mahi ake nei e heke anō ai te taumahatanga me te kohukitanga anō o roto i ngā mahi whakaora. He ahakoa anō te whai take o te TIC mō ngā mahi taurimatanga hauora, kāore tonu i te mōhio whānuitia, i te whakatinanahia rānei, i whānui ai te wehenga o ngā tuhinga whakamārama me te whakatinanatanga. Ko tā tēnei arotakenga whakahōkai he whai kia maheretia ngā tuhinga whakamārama o te wā nei e hurahia ai ngā mōhiotanga tapuhi e tika ana mō te TIC mō ngā tūroro i pāngia i mua e te kohuki kia kore ai e kohukia anō te tūroro pakeke. Whai ake ana i tā Arksey rāua ko O’Malley anga arotakenga whakahōkai me te Rārangi Whakarite Arotakenga Whakahōkai o PRISMA, e rima ngā pātengi raraunga i tirohia, ka tīpakohia tekau mā rima ngā tuhinga whakamārama hei aro. Ka whakaaturia e ngā whakataunga te hāngai o te TIC mō ngā mahi tapuhi, me te whakahau anō kia whāia ngā whakatūpatotanga TIC puta noa. Ka kitea hoki te iti o te mārama ki te kohuki me te TIC o ngā tapuhi, tae rawa ki te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa akoako. Heoi anō kei te aro i ngā tapuhi te hua o te TIC me te whai pānga o te whakawhanaungatanga ki ngā mahi whakaora, tae atu ki ngā pūtakenga o te aronui ki te tūroro i roto i ngā mahi tapuhi me te mōhiotanga TIC, e kore ai e kohukia anō te tūroro i roto i ngā mahi taurimatanga hauora. Kei ngā whāwhārua o ngā tuhinga whakamārama ko te rangahau tonu o roto o Aotearoa, ko te mātauranga tapuhi TIC, me te whanake tonutanga o ngā mahi TIC puta noa i ētahi wāhanga katoa o te mahi tapuhi. Ka whakamāramahia tonu ko te TIC ka hāngai ki ētahi wehenga mahi katoa.

Objectives This scoping review aimed to map and synthesize the available literature on interventions that mitigate the effects of housing insecurity on the health and wellbeing of children and adolescents (0–18 years), describing their characteristics, levels of action (structural, intermediate, or individual/group), and reported outcomes. Methods In January 2025, we conducted a comprehensive search across four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL) and 1 gray literature search engine (Carrot2), without time restrictions. 6,002 articles underwent three sequential screening phases. Results were described through a narrative synthesis of the evidence. Results Twenty-six studies were included. Public housing, housing vouchers, and subsidies to private housing developers were the most common interventions, targeting structural and intermediate levels. Reported outcomes varied: physical health and healthcare use generally improved, while mental health and educational effects were mixed. Only two studies assessed multi-assistance programs. Conclusion Affordability-focused interventions can improve health for children and adolescents, while multi-assistance approaches show promise. Broader welfare policies may also benefit this population. Future research should diversify geographically, use mixed methods, address age-specific outcomes, and examine more decommodifying housing strategies.

Exploring the factors that prevent or facilitate palliative care at 'home' for adults experiencing structural vulnerability: a scoping review.

Research gaps on universal health coverage in the South African context and other low and middle-income countries; putting things into perspective: a scoping review.

To provide an overview on auricular molding and to investigate whether breastfeeding is associated with greater cartilage malleability or improved perinatal auricular molding outcomes. Embase, MEDLINE, and CENTRAL databases. Three databases were comprehensively searched for treatment of congenital auricular malformations or deformations with auricular molding. Extracted data included study design, patient demographics and auricular anomalies, interventions and outcomes measures, and references to the effect of estrogen and breastfeeding on cartilage malleability and ear molding. Out of 1018 unique articles, 67 were included in this review. The articles included a total of 3645 patients and 5384 ears, of which helical rim abnormality (20.6%), lop/lidding/cup ear (20.2%), and prominent ear (11.1%) were the most represented. Of the 67 articles referencing estrogen levels, 49 supported the claim that estrogen increases auricular cartilage malleability. Fifteen articles (22.4%) referenced the effect of breastfeeding on infant circulating estrogen levels and molding outcomes, while 8 (53.3%) of those articles supported the claim. Notably, only 4 primary sources were referenced regarding the effect of breastfeeding among all reviewed literature. There is insufficient evidence to suggest that breastfeeding leads to increased circulating estrogen levels in infants, increased auricular cartilage malleability, or improved ear molding outcomes. The direct impact of hyaluronic acid on the mechanical properties of auricular cartilage invivo remains unclear.

Primary care practices experience challenges to implementing team-based care, and these challenges may be more pronounced in small-to-medium-sized independent primary care practices (SIPs). Our objective is to provide a review of the literature on team-based care implemented within SIPs. The literature was identified using keywords related to primary care and team-based care in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. Studies on team-based care within small-primary care settings were extracted and organized according to the four domains of the Integrated (Health Care) Team Effectiveness Model (ITEM) framework. Twenty-five studies met our criteria for inclusion and were included in our review. Of those, only nine of the included studies solely focused on SIPs. Studies addressed some component of task design, including the composition of the team (i.e. MA and MD dyads) and the features of the task (i.e. role interdependence). Studies also discussed team processes, such as communication and coordination. Few studies discussed psychosocial traits during implementation, including trust and psychological safety. Lastly, studies described the organizational context of the practices, which includes their structure, resources or training environment. Identified barriers for team-based care implementation included financial constraints when hiring additional staff and issues with the current payment models that reward team-based care. Studies solely focused on small primary care practices are limited. Of the four key domains, the biggest gap was identified around psychosocial traits and how mutual trust is fostered. Areas of future research include attention to how trust is built as practices implement team-based care and shift their mental model.

Towards resilience: investigating resources for enhancing climate resilience in health care facilities in low and middle-income countries. a scoping review.

Student employment is an increasingly common feature of higher education, yet psychological research on students who combine paid work and study remains conceptually and methodologically fragmented. This scoping review mapped the extent, range, and nature of empirical evidence on working students’ psychological experiences, summarized key psychosocial correlates, and identified gaps for future research. Consistent with PRISMA-ScR guidance, we searched EBSCOhost, Scopus, and Web of Science using tailored Boolean title-field strategies without year limits, screened records against eligibility criteria, and charted and thematically synthesized extracted data. Forty-two peer-reviewed English-language studies were included. Evidence clustered into six recurrent domains, such as work–study interface processes, resources and supports, health, stress and recovery, academic engagement and performance, career development and employability, and identity and social relations. The literature was predominantly quantitative and cross-sectional, with comparatively few intervention studies. Findings suggest that psychological outcomes are frequently examined through, and may be more closely contingent on, the quality of the work–study interface and contextual supports than on employment intensity alone, highlighting the potential value of interventions and institutional/employer practices that enhance role fit, flexibility, and supportive climates, alongside more longitudinal and multi-level research.

Cancer remains a leading global health burden. Artificial intelligence offers new opportunities to address complex physical and psychological symptoms in palliative and supportive cancer care. Despite rapid advances, including large language models, these technologies have not been consistently reviewed in this context, highlighting a gap in the synthesised literature. To map current evidence on how artificial intelligence is implemented in palliative and supportive care for people with cancer and their caregivers, and to identify associated challenges and future directions. Scoping review guided by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework. We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and CINAHL databases, along with grey literature, up to 17 September 2024, and manually screened reference lists. Of 2618 records screened, 199 studies were included. Most applications supported healthcare professionals, mainly for predictive purposes such as prognosis, symptom monitoring, and treatment-related adverse events. Machine learning was the predominant approach, reflecting reliance on structured clinical data. Publications increased markedly after 2020, with a sharp rise from 2022 onwards. Only 26 studies involved direct use by people with cancer or their caregivers, and large language model-based applications remained rare, indicating limited patient-facing use. Artificial intelligence is increasingly being applied in palliative and supportive care, yet applications designed for direct patient or caregiver use remain scarce. Further efforts should prioritise the development and validation of ethically sound, clinically integrated artificial intelligence tools to support person-centred palliative and supportive care.

Introduction Evidence for economic evaluations (EEs) is essential for informed decision-making in healthcare. This scoping review of economic studies based on school dental screening and prevention programmes summarises the key facts in a narrative format and analyses knowledge gaps.Aim This scoping review mapped the existing literature on EEs in school dental screening and prevention and assessed the completeness of reporting using the CHEERS 2022 checklist.Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted across three databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) for EEs with no date restriction. EEs of school-based dental prevention programmes were included and grouped into three categories based on the intervention focus: prevention only, combined prevention and treatment interventions, and screening interventions. Quality assessment was conducted using the CHEERS checklist.Results A total of 11 EEs met inclusion criteria. While most studies reported short-term outcomes, fewer than half adequately estimated future cost saving.Discussion The evidence base for economic evaluations in school-based caries prevention is fragmented, with many studies focusing on isolated components rather than broader, integrated models of care.Conclusion Caries prevention is a long-term investment, and evaluations should account for future reduced treatment needs. More comprehensive and context-sensitive evaluations are needed to guide resource allocation and improve long-term oral health outcomes for children.