Scientists Who Research Articles

The Big Bang Revolutionaries: The Untold Story of Three Scientists Who Re-enchanted Cosmology, by Jean-Pierre Luminet

The Big Bang Revolutionaries: The Untold Story of Three Scientists Who Re-enchanted Cosmology, by Jean-Pierre Luminet

What Is Religious Fundamentalism? Asking Scientists Who Study the Construct

The purpose of the present study is to gain clarity into the definition of religious fundamentalism. Specifically, the goal of the current research is to engage in a multi-method study defining the various aspects of fundamentalist movements across cultures and religions. Social scientists from around the world with recent peer-reviewed journal publications concerning religion and fundamentalism ( n = 125) complete a survey where they define the construct and rate how representative 29 items distilled from the existing literature represent the term. Quantitative analyses reveal the scientists find Williamson et al.’s intratextual religious beliefs as the most important aspects of religious fundamentalism. Qualitative analyses reveal no theme is prevalent among the majority of scientists, with one category noted by 40 percent of participants, six by 20 percent to 39 percent of respondents, seven by 10 percent to 19 percent, and four reported in 7 percent to 9 percent of the sample. I integrate findings within existing religious fundamentalism theories and provide research suggestions with the purpose of creating a more comprehensive measure of fundamentalism that could be tailored to different cultural and religious contexts and used in future investigations to help applied practitioners better understand and interact with fundamentalists.

From selfish silo to collaborative culture – embracing data-enabled cancer research

From selfish silo to collaborative culture – embracing data-enabled cancer research Aedin Culhane and Mark Lawler, Co-Leads of the eHealth Hub for Cancer, reflect on their data-enabled cancer research journeys, how their collaborative team science approach has reaped significant dividends in cancer research and policy and how the hub is inducing a paradigm shift in how health data are deployed on the island of Ireland. An article in The Wall Street Journal (not the normal reading material for scientists) in 2011 highlighted a new approach to performing scientific research that was gaining significant credence at the time. Entitled ‘The New Einsteins Will Be Scientists Who Share’ (with the strapline ‘From cancer to cosmology, researchers could race ahead by working together – online and in the open’), the article presaged an unprecedented change in how scientists interact with each other, ushering in a culture of collaboration and cross-disciplinary research. Nowhere was this change more obvious than in the genomics and data science community, where a bottom-up movement led to the creation of the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH), bringing together researchers from around the world to work together to address some of human health’s greatest challenges through the deployment of data and data tools.

Negative Data, Oh No What Should I Do? How Publication of Negative Data Removes Roadblocks to Productive Research from the Perspective of Scientists Who Perform the Experiments.

Negative Data, Oh No What Should I Do? How Publication of Negative Data Removes Roadblocks to Productive Research from the Perspective of Scientists Who Perform the Experiments.

The History of Helminths, Helminthology and the Discoveries of Scientists Who Have Done Scientific Research with This Disease

This article discusses the history of helminths, helminthology, and the discoveries of scientists who have done scientific research with the disease

BOOK REVIEW • Lethal Tides: Mary Sears and the Marine Scientists Who Helped Win World War II

Although Thomas Jefferson had recognized the need for mapping and charting the waters of the young United States in 1807, it wasn’t until 1830 that the US Navy established the Depot of Charts and Instruments, which later became the US Naval Hydrographic Office. At the beginning, the Depot was a clearinghouse for navigational equipment and the few foreign charts that were available. The Depot didn’t make its own charts until 1837, with the first one covering Georges Shoal and Bank, from ship tracks provided by Lt. Charles Wilkes. Wilkes later led the famous 1838 US Exploring Expedition that provided the United States its first worldwide mapping coverage (Heynen, 1978).

They Warned (Soviet Scientists Who Foresaw The Collapse of The Ussr)

The works of Soviet scientists who warned in the 60–70 years about the possibility of the collapse of the USSR are analyzed. In the book "Will the USSR live to 1984?", published in 1969, historian Andrei Amalrik identified the causes of the possible collapse of the USSR (the elimination of the most active and capable from the life and composition of the ruling class, the decrepitude of the regime, the degradation of morality and deideologization) and even named its approximate dates. In a note to the leaders of the government party dated March 19, 1970, physicists Sakharova and Turchin and historian Medvedev showed the slowdown in the sixties in the USSR of economic development and technological progress, the standard of living of the population, the growing lag in these areas from developed capitalist countries. They linked these phenomena with the lack of freedom of thought and creativity, political freedoms. The economist and historian Akhiezer analyzed the history of Russia and, based on the revealed cyclical development of Russia and the huge factual material about political and economic development, predicted perestroika and its collapse, accompanied by the collapse of the USSR. Khanin produced alternative estimates of the dynamics of the economic development of the USSR and its factors by a number of methods. A steady decline in the pace of economic development and resource efficiency has been revealed since the seventh five-year plan. On this basis, a significant reduction in the national income of the USSR was predicted from the mid-80s. B.N. Mikhalevsky, head of the Forecasting Department of the Central Research Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, in 1967 made a forecast of the development of the Soviet economy for the next 10–15 years. Based on an in-depth analysis of the structure of the Soviet economy and real inflation figures, it predicted a decline in industrial production and the standard of living of the population while maintaining the previous economic policy. It is shown that the authors of forecasts of the possible collapse of the USSR were either persecuted or their opinion was ignored. It is shown that ignoring warnings about the possible collapse of the USSR is explained by the authoritarian nature of the Soviet social system, the low intellectual level of the Soviet leadership of the 60s and 70s, and fears of losing power. The article analyzes the appearance of the authors of warnings about the collapse of the USSR.

Women Scientists Who Made Nuclear Astrophysics―Intenational Calendar Project and its Activity in Japan

Women Scientists Who Made Nuclear Astrophysics―Intenational Calendar Project and its Activity in Japan

Errors in the diagnosis of syphilitic infection

Annotation. Syphilis remains one of the infections of particular concern worldwide, being one of the most important medical and social problems. Scientists' reports and WHO data show an increase in the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases. Syphilitic infection is still a pressing problem in Ukraine. Because syphilis facilitates the transmission of HIV and STIs, a comprehensive model for the prevention of HIV, STIs, and syphilis at the same time is needed. This requires the health authorities to strengthen treatment and prevention measures, among which an important role is to improve the skills of doctors in modern clinics and early diagnosis of luteal infection. Mistakes made by doctors are one of the reasons for the spread of infection, the development of severe, often disabling lesions of the patient’s internal organs and nervous system. The purpose of the work is to improve the diagnosis of syphilitic infection, which contributes to the effective fight against the spread of syphilis in Ukraine. 4 cases of syphilis in patients who applied to the Vinnytsia Regional Clinical Dermatological and Venereological Dispensary and were consulted by the staff of the Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases of National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, they were verified the diagnosis of syphilis and received specific treatment. During the examination of patients with syphilis with clinical manifestations of infection by doctors of various profiles in 14% of patients, the true disease remained undiagnosed. The analysis of diagnostic errors of syphilis in the primary period, when patients with classic manifestations of syphilitic infection visited 4–6 doctors of different profiles. The errors made by doctors were divided as follows: dermatovenereologists – 21%, surgeons – 26%, obstetricians and gynecologists – 22%, physicians – 19%, oncologists, dentists and other specialists – 12%. Thus, timely diagnosis of syphilitic infection is one of the most important points in a set of national measures to combat this infection.

Waters of the World: The Story of the Scientists Who Unraveled the Mysteries of Our Oceans, Atmosphere, and Ice Sheets and Made the Planet Whole . By Sarah Dry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019. 332 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliographic essay, and index. Cloth $30.00, e-book $18.00.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook Reviews Waters of the World: The Story of the Scientists Who Unraveled the Mysteries of Our Oceans, Atmosphere, and Ice Sheets and Made the Planet Whole . By Sarah Dry. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2019. 332 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliographic essay, and index. Cloth $30.00, e-book $18.00.Jennifer HubbardJennifer Hubbard Ryerson University Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Volume 25, Number 4October 2020 Published for the American Society for Environmental History and the Forest History Society Views: 18Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1093/envhis/emaa033 Views: 18Total views on this site Citations: 1Citations are reported from Crossref HistoryPublished online September 10, 2020 © 2020 The Author. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article: Isis Current Bibliography of the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences 2022, Isis 113, no.S1S1 (Dec 2022): 1–266.https://doi.org/10.1086/723770

Scientists Who Publish in Gender-Homogeneous Teams are Preferred in Promotions

This research project investigated whether universities apply different performance standards to women's and men’s publications in order to appoint them professors. In Study 1, we analyzed the number of (non-)peer-reviewed publications and their scientific impact indices in a multidisciplinary sample of about 4800 professors. The results show that women have to publish more and in more renowned scientific journals in order to be appointed as professors. Study 2 confirmed these results in subsamples of professors who were matched with regard to their parental status before their first appointment and the rank of their professorships. In both studies, however, the gender main effect was moderated by the gender of coauthors: Both women and men who publish in more gender homogeneous coauthor networks have to publish less successfully in order to be appointed professors. Study 3 shows that this effect is explained by the stability of coauthor relationships and the specialization in research topics: Scientists publishing in more gender homogeneous teams have more stable relationships with their coauthors, leading to more publications with the same group of coauthors; they also publish on fewer research topics. Both prove to be advantageous in the promotion process. The research project shows that not only the gender of the applicants, but also the gender of their coauthors indirectly influences the decision of selection committees.

Corona II – eclipse

Corona II – eclipse

Dreaming of Creativity: Imaging and Imagining the Creative Self in Memoir

Dreaming of Creativity: Imaging and Imagining the Creative Self in Memoir

Atomic Women: The Untold Stories of the Scientists Who Helped Create the Nuclear Bomb by Roseanne Montillo

Reviewed by: Atomic Women: The Untold Stories of the Scientists Who Helped Create the Nuclear Bomb by Roseanne Montillo Elizabeth Bush Montillo, Roseanne Atomic Women: The Untold Stories of the Scientists Who Helped Create the Nuclear Bomb. Little, 2020 [272p] Trade ed. ISBN 978-0-316-48959-1 $18.99 E-book ed. ISBN 978-0-316-48958-4 $9.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 7-10 Middle and high school students who have learned about the development of the atomic bombs that devastated Japan and hastened the end of World War II already know this story and its main players: Leslie Groves, J. Robert Oppenheimer, Enrico Fermi. Perhaps, if they were lucky, they even heard a bit about the foundational work of Marie Curie and Lise Meitner as it related to radiation, nuclear fission, and sustained chain reactions. Here Montillo retells the same tale while putting two generations of women scientists from Europe and the United States into starring [End Page 404] roles and relegating the men who variously mentored, hired, and/or hobbled them, and ultimately ignored the importance of their accomplishments, into a supporting cast. The book treats the female engineers, metallurgists, chemists, and physicists with the same narrative interest generally accorded to male-centered narratives, i.e., light on domesticity, heavy on career, with careful emphasis on explaining the nature of their scientific contributions. The result is an eye-opening historical reconstruction that respects the intellectual diversity of the women behind and within the Manhattan Project, and it should establish such names as Leona Woods, Elizabeth Graves, Joan Hinton, and Elizabeth Rona as essential to understanding both the stunning scientific success and the catastrophic consequences of America’s “win” in the atomic race. Author notes, a timeline, source notes, and bibliography are included. Copyright © 2020 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

جهود علماء الجزائر في علم غريب القرآن من القرن التاسع الهجري إلى القرن الخامس عشر

Algerian Scientists Have Had Contributions To Various Useful Sciences, Including The Various Sciences Of The Qur’an, And This Research Shows The Efforts Of Algerian Scientists To Serve An Important Science Related To The Holy Qur’an, Which Is The Strange Of The Holy Qur’an, In The Late Centuries. And The Algerians Have Long Been Concerned With The Holy Qur’an, Preoccupied With Its Sciences From An Ancient Time, And They Had A Share In Serving The Sciences Related To The Great Qur'an, Including Its Strange Ones, And This Is Evident Through The Scientific Legacy Our Scholars Have Left In This Art. This Research Showed Those Scientists Who Served The Science Of The Stranger A Great Service, Through The Authorship, Prose And Explanation, So The Author Of The Research Highlighted These Efforts Through Brief Translations Of These Flags, As Well As Identifying Their Works, And Showing Their Method Of Authorship. Key Words ـ Strange Qur’an, Algerian Scholars, Efforts

The Japanese Scientists Who Were Awarded the Nobel Prize between 1989 and 2018

The Japanese Scientists Who Were Awarded the Nobel Prize between 1989 and 2018

Valentín Fuster: From Platelets to Preschoolers, Always With Scientific Rigor.

Why did Sesame Street’s Cookie Monster cut his consumption of the sweet treat from daily to once a week? The credit (or blame, depending on your perspective) goes to Valentin Fuster, who was asked to consult on the Spanish version of the show and eventually became Dr Ruster, a muppet sharing health advice with its young and avid audience. “Our behavior as adults depends greatly on the environment we are in between ages 3 and 6, and Sesame Street wasn’t taking advantage of this to focus on prevention and heart health,” says Fuster. Fuster, a renowned physician scientist with a daunting schedule and a decades-long record of bench and translational science and clinical trials, sees no discontinuity between the work that made him famous and his recent focus on preschoolers. “I became convinced that the same scientific tools I used to understand disease could be used to understand and promote health and prevent disease,” Fuster says. Fuster received his undergraduate and medical degrees in his hometown, Barcelona, and did clinical training and completed his doctorate in pathology at the University of Edinburgh. While at the Mayo Clinic between 1971 and 1982, starting as a medical resident and ending as professor of medicine and cardiovascular diseases, he showed in a dog model that platelets were important in the occlusion of bypass grafts and that aspirin could prevent it. Then, in the first clinical trial of aspirin in cardiac disease,1 the team demonstrated that aspirin prevented the occlusion of bypass grafts, leading to clinical guidelines calling for its use. In 1982, Fuster was recruited to become head of cardiology at Mt. Sinai Hospital in New York. After 10 years there, he spent 3 years in Boston at Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, where he began work on using magnetic …

Introduction to Academics in the Arena: Political Scientists Who Have Served in Elected Office

Introduction to Academics in the Arena: Political Scientists Who Have Served in Elected Office

A Century of Parasitology: Discoveries, Ideas, and Lessons Learned by Scientists Who Published in The Journal of ParasitologyA Century of Parasitology: Discoveries, Ideas, and Lessons Learned by Scientists Who Published in The Journal of Parasitology, 1914–2014, edited by John Janovy Jr. and Gerald W. Esch. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., Hoboken, New Jersey. 2016. 376 p. Hardcover, ISBN: 9781118884768, also

A Century of Parasitology: Discoveries, Ideas, and Lessons Learned by Scientists Who Published in <i>The Journal of Parasitology</i><b>A Century of Parasitology: Discoveries, Ideas, and Lessons Learned by Scientists Who Published in</b> <i><b>The Journal of Parasitology</b></i><b>, 1914–2014,</b> edited by John Janovy Jr. and Gerald W. Esch. John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd., Hoboken, New Jersey. 2016. 376 p. Hardcover, ISBN: 9781118884768, also

"They are my babies": Meeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the Scientists Who Care for It

Moving beyond what various scholars call the “human exceptionalism” in the social sciences, this multispecies research explored the relationships between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) − the bacteria that is responsible for causing the disease Tuberculosis (TB) − and four molecular biologists who worked at a TB research centre in the Western Cape of South Africa. Using fingeryeyes, a conceptual and methodological tool derived by Eva Hayward (2010), the ethnographer participated through observation and touched through sight. In a space that was scientific there was care, in a space of risk there was nurture. In an environment of scientific lingo and hard-core jargon, parenthood emerged. Rather than Mtb microbes being solely subjects for experiments, they were babies that needed to be cared for. Making these babies was also making parents and scientists.