Scientific Research Projects Research Articles

Project i-CREATE (Intensive Collaboration through Research Enhancement and Advancement Training and Exercise): Direction towards Improved Science Research Program at San Pablo City Science Integrated High School

Science investigatory projects (SIP) provide students the opportunity to apply their gained knowledge, skills, and attitude (KSA) in Science. This study aimed to implement an intervention program called Project i-CREATE (Intensive Collaboration through Research Enhancement and Advancement Training and Exercise) at San Pablo City Science Integrated High School on school year 2019-2020. Moreover, it attempted to investigate its perceived effectiveness as to learning outcomes and explore the students’ lived experiences. Explanatory sequential design was employed. Survey-questionnaire was used as the main instrument to describe the students’ perceptions. This was administered among 90 respondents who were selected purposively. Mean and standard deviation were computed to analyze the data. Results showed that the students improved their KSA, developed 21st century skills, and became more motivated and interested. Furthermore, a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was held among select participants to gather their lived experiences in conducting SIP as exposed to the intervention program. Thematic analysis was used to derive emerging themes such as (1) SIP provides opportunities for improvement and development; and (2) SIP entails challenges such as lack of resources and lack of training that hampers its success. Consequently, there was an increase in the number of science research projects produced, colloquia and forums conducted, partnership, publication, and winning in local science fairs signifying the success of the intervention program. Project i-CREATE helped to develop young researchers and improve the schools’ science research program. Its implementation may be further strengthened through identifying other areas of development and opening its channels for benchmarking.

Intraoperative Hypertension is Associated With Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury After Laparoscopic Surgery

Background: It is well demonstrated that the intraoperative blood pressure is associated with postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI); the association between increasing magnitude and duration of intraoperative hypertension with AKI in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery remains unknown, however. Methods and Findings: This retrospective cohort study included 12,414 patients aged ≥18 years who underwent a single elective laparoscopic surgery during hospitalization between October 2011 and April 2017. Multivariate stepwise logistic regressions were applied to determine the correlation between intraoperative hypertension and postoperative AKI.Results482 hospitalized patients (3.9%) developed surgery-related AKI. Compared with those without acute intraoperative hypertension (IOTH) or with normal mean MAP (70-75 mmHg), acute elevated of IOTH (odds ratio, OR, 1.4, 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7), mean MAP ≥95 mmHg (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 2.9), MAP 100-105 mmHg (OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.1), and more than 105 mmHg (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.0) were independent of other risk factors in a diverse cohort undergoing laparoscopic surgery, especially during the time of anesthesia induction and skin incision. In addition, the risk of postoperative AKI appeared to result from the long periods (≥20 min) exposure of intraoperative hypertension (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5 to 2.5). Conclusions: Postoperative AKI correlates positively with intraoperative hypertension in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery. These findings provide an intraoperative evaluation criterion to predict the occurrence of postoperative AKI. Funding Information: The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81901842), the Teachers and Students Innovation Funds of Central South University (2018gczd011), Scientific research project of Hunan health and Family Planning Commission (20201802) and the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC2001800). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Ethics Approval Statement: This study was approved by The institutional review board (IRB) of The Third Xiangya Hospital (No. 2018-S375). And the requirement for written informed consent was waived by the IRB. This study protocol conformed to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and Ethical review method of biomedical research involving human (2016).

Using Citizen Science to Document Terrain Use and Decision-Making of Backcountry Users

Avalanches represent the primary risk of death to backcountry skiers and snowmobilers in North American and European alpine countries. The best strategy for evading dangerous snowpack conditions that may result in an avalanche event requires skiers and snowmobilers to avoid or mitigate their use of hazardous terrain. Therefore, understanding terrain use is critical to understanding the causes of avalanche accidents. Secondary, post-event examination of accident data is inadequate for this understanding, and the logistical costs of user intercept surveys are problematic. Learning more about the behaviors and practices skiers and snowmobilers use to avoid avalanche fatalities or near misses is the primary concern of the avalanche education and research community. However, the topographical data required for analysis of skier and snowmobiler behavior with respect to terrain use is beyond the capacity of most backcountry skiers to provide via traditional surveys. This paper presents the use of a novel combination of user surveys and Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking to collect detailed terrain-use data from recreationists who voluntarily engage with researchers via active participation in citizen science research projects. We describe the methodology for these observations and present why they represent an effective approach to understand avalanche accidents.

In-medium pion dispersion relation and medium correction of near the threshold energy of pion production * *Supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2018 YFA0404404) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (11875323, 11875125, 11475262, 11961141003, 11790323, 11790324, 11790325) and the Continuous Basic Scientific Research Project (WDJC-2019-13,No BJ20002501)

Transport models cannot simultaneously explain very recent data on pion multiplicities and pion charged ratios from central collision of Sn+Sn at 0.27 A GeV. This stimulates further investigations on the pion dispersion relation, in-medium cross sections, and decay widths near the threshold energy or at subthreshold energy of pion production in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter. In this study, the pion dispersion relation, in-medium cross section, and decay width near the threshold energy are investigated in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter by using the one-boson-exchange model. With the consideration of the energy conservation effect, the in-medium cross sections are enhanced at GeV in a nuclear medium. The prediction of pion multiplicity and ratios near the threshold energy could be modified if this effect is considered in transport model simulations.

Relative probabilities of breakup channels in reactions of 6,7Li with 209Bi at energies around and above the Coulomb barrier * *Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (11635015, U1832130, 11975040), State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment (SKLSDE-2020ZX-16), the Continuous Basic Scientific Research Project (WDJC-2019-13) and the Leading Innovation Project (LC192209000701, LC202309000201)

Coincidence measurements of breakup fragments in reactions of with at energies around and above the Coulomb barrier were carried out using a large solid-angle covered detector array. Through the Q values along with the relative energies of the breakup fragments, different breakup components (prompt breakups and delayed breakups) and different breakup modes ( , , , and ) are distinguished. A new breakup mode, , is observed in -induced reactions at energies above the Coulomb barrier. Correlations between breakup modes and breakup components as well as their variations with the incident energy are investigated. The results will help us better understand the breakup effects of weakly bound nuclei on the suppression of a complete fusion, particularly for the above-barrier energies.

Technology Hotspot Tracking: Topic Discovery and Evolution of China’s Blockchain Patents Based on a Dynamic LDA Model

Tracking scientific and technological (S&T) research hotspots can help scholars to grasp the status of current research and develop regular patterns in the field over time. It contributes to the generation of new ideas and plays an important role in promoting the writing of scientific research projects and scientific papers. Patents are important S&T resources, which can reflect the development status of the field. In this paper, we use topic modeling, topic intensity, and evolutionary computing models to discover research hotspots and development trends in the field of blockchain patents. First, we propose a time-based dynamic latent Dirichlet allocation (TDLDA) modeling method based on a probabilistic graph model and knowledge representation learning for patent text mining. Second, we present a computational model, topic intensity (TI), that expresses the topic strength and evolution. Finally, the point-wise mutual information (PMI) value is used to evaluate topic quality. We obtain 20 hot topics through TDLDA experiments and rank them according to the strength calculation model. The topic evolution model is used to analyze the topic evolution trend from the perspectives of rising, falling, and stable. From the experiments we found that 8 topics showed an upward trend, 6 topics showed a downward trend, and 6 topics became stable or fluctuated. Compared with the baseline method, TDLDA can have the best effect when K is 40 or less. TDLDA is an effective topic model that can extract hot topics and evolution trends of blockchain patent texts, which helps researchers to more accurately grasp the research direction and improves the quality of project application and paper writing in the blockchain technology domain.

P20.06 Dosimetric Comparison of the Real and Virtual Plans in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated With Respiratory Motion Management

We conducted a prospective study to increase tumor control, reducing side effects and dosimetric comparison of the real and virtual plans by using motion management in 40 patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The study was approved by the ethics (2018-7/7) and scientific committee (OUAP (T) 2019/2) as scientific research project in our university. Simulation images were obtained using free breathing in the treatment position using axial cine mode 16-slice 4D-CT scanner and RPM in 10 respiratory phases. In the MIP phase, PTV with a 5 mm border in each direction was created for the ITV including the tumor and involved nodes. A volumetric arc treatment plan was established by taking the 98% of prescription dose to 95% of PTV and also taking into account the risky organ doses. Patients were treated with CBCT imaging on LINAC device every other day. For virtual plan, GTV for tumor and involved nodes and CTV according to ICRU83 were created in the free respiratory phase. PTV was created with a 5 mm margin to CTV and virtual treatment plan was created with the same prescribed dose. 10 patients were treated till December 2019. The median age was 59 years (49-72) and the M/F ratio was 8/2. Histopathological diagnosis were SCC (4), adenocarcinoma (5), LCNEC (1). AJCC18 staging were listed as IA2 (1), IIIA (2), IIIB (4), IIIC (2) and IVB (1). The median RT dose was 6300 cGy (5940-6400) with 32 fractions (30-35). In the third month, 2 complete, 3 partial responses and 1 locoregonal progression were detected by PET/CT. ITVtm was 46.98 and GTVtm was 31.27 cc (p = 0.66), while PTV volumes were 173.53 and 494.50 cc (p = 0.008) in treatment and virtual plans, respectively. The tumor volume was higher but PTV volume was lower in the treatment plans. D95 for ITVtm and GTVtm were found 6311 and 6326 cGy (p = 0.72) whereas D95 for PTV 6297 and 6051 cGy (p = 0.13), respectively. The mean lung dose, V5, V20 and V30 were 15.14 vs 16.07 Gy (p = 0.077), 55.95% vs 63.8% (p = 0.087), 26.44% vs 31.55% (p = 0.23) and 17.44% vs 20.64 (p = 0.085), median heart dose was 6.03 and 10.36 Gy (p = 0.043), heart V50 was 8.2% vs 33.9% (p = 0.007), median esophageal dose was 18.94 vs 21.43 Gy (p = 0.35) and esophagus V50 11.39% vs 18% (p = 0.69), the median and maximum spinal cord dose was 8.11 vs 8.22 Gy (p = 0.61) and 33.15 vs 37.39 Gy, respectively (p = 0.22), in treatment and virtual plans. It was observed that all risky organ doses were less in treatment plans than virtual plans with statistical significance in heart doses. In this study, it was shown that the target volume did not increase, the target was covered with 95% accuracy and the risky organ doses were lower in 10 patients who were treated with 4D-CT planning and respiratory motion management.

Notes on Contributors

Notes on Contributors

An improved semi-empirical relationship for cluster radioactivity * *Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1832120, 11675265), the Natural Science Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars of Hebei Province of China (A2020210012, A2018210146), the Continuous Basic Scientific Research Project (WDJC-2019-13) and the Leading Innovation Project (LC 192209000701)

An improved semi-empirical relationship for cluster radioactivity half-lives is proposed by introducing an accurate charge radius formula and an analytic expression of the preformation probability. Moreover, the cluster radioactivity half-lives for the daughter nuclei around 208Pb or its neighbors and the 12C radioactivity half-life of 114Ba are calculated within the improved semi-empirical relationship. It is shown that the accuracy of the new relationship is improved significantly compared to its predecessor. In addition, the cluster radioactivity half-lives that are experimentally unavailable for the trans-lead and trans-tin nuclei are predicted by the new semi-empirical formula. These predictions might be useful for searching for the new cluster emitters of the two islands in future experiments.

LCH: A local clustering H-index centrality measure for identifying and ranking influential nodes in complex networks* *Project supported by the National Natural Foundation of China (Grant No. 11871328) and the Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds Soft Science Research Project (Grant No. 21692109800).

Identifying influential nodes in complex networks is one of the most significant and challenging issues, which may contribute to optimizing the network structure, controlling the process of epidemic spreading and accelerating information diffusion. The node importance ranking measures based on global information are not suitable for large-scale networks due to their high computational complexity. Moreover, they do not take into account the impact of network topology evolution over time, resulting in limitations in some applications. Based on local information of networks, a local clustering H-index (LCH) centrality measure is proposed, which considers neighborhood topology, the quantity and quality of neighbor nodes simultaneously. The proposed measure only needs the information of first-order and second-order neighbor nodes of networks, thus it has nearly linear time complexity and can be applicable to large-scale networks. In order to test the proposed measure, we adopt the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) and susceptible-infected (SI) models to simulate the spreading process. A series of experimental results on eight real-world networks illustrate that the proposed LCH can identify and rank influential nodes more accurately than several classical and state-of-the-art measures.

Controlled quantum teleportation of an unknown single-qutrit state in noisy channels with memory* *Project supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Colleges and Universities in Anhui Province, China (Grant No. KJ2020A0301) and the Science and Technology Project of Wuhu City in 2020 (Grant No. 2020yf48).

This paper proposes a three-dimensional (3D) controlled quantum teleportation scheme for an unknown single-qutrit state. The scheme is first introduced in an ideal environment, and its detailed implementation is described via the transformation of the quantum system. Four types of 3D-Pauli-like noise corresponding to Weyl operators are created by Kraus operators: trit-flip, t-phase-flip, trit-phase-flip, and t-depolarizing. Then, this scheme is analyzed in terms of four types of noisy channel with memory. For each type of noise, the average fidelity is calculated as a function of memory and noise parameters, which is afterwards compared with classical fidelity. The results demonstrate that for trit-flip and t-depolarizing noises, memory will increase the average fidelity regardless of the noise parameter. However, for t-phase-flip and trit-phase-flip noises, memory may become ineffective in increasing the average fidelity above a certain noise threshold.

The fuzzy logic-based modeling of a micro-scale sloped solar chimney power plant

The energy demand of world is increasing worldwide because of increasing population and developing technology. The use of environmentally friendly renewable resources is very important in providing the increasing energy needs. In the renewable energy sources, the solar energy has a strategic importance because of its huge potential and unlimited. The production of electrical energy by solar chimney power plants is one of the reliable and profitable methods. Fuzzy logic-based approaches are commonly used for modeling different systems in many fields. Also, a renewable energy system can be modelled by fuzzy definitions. In this way, it can provide efficiently and quickly theoretical estimates of systems with productive simulations. In this study, using the experimental data obtained from the micro-scale sloped solar chimney power plant in carried on scientific research project by authors, the obtaining and verifying a fuzzy logic-based model (FLBM) that can calculate the change in air velocity at turbine according to the change of radiation and temperature is presented. The air velocity at the turbine inlet is the considerable variable determining the electricity generation in a solar chimney. Thus, the output of the model is determined as this air velocity. In changes in the radiation and temperature values are defined as inputs. A two input-one output fuzzy model is obtained, in which the inference method is designed in the form of Mamdani and the membership functions in the form of the triangle, making inferences according to the rule base determined by the experience achieved from the experimentally studies. In order to investigate the accuracy of the FLBM, the simulation results and the data get from experimental setup in April 2019 are compared and evaluated. The validation of the FLBM compared to the experimental system is investigated using different error evaluation criteria. It is proved that the results of FLBM and experimental data are realized at a high rate (95.95 %) close to each other and similarly.

First-principles study of plasmons in doped graphene nanostructures* *Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11974253), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFA0303600), and the Scientific Research Project of Leshan Normal University, China (Grant Nos. XJR17007, LZDP012, and DGZZ202009).

The operating frequencies of surface plasmons in pristine graphene lie in the terahertz and infrared spectral range, which limits their utilization. Here, the high-frequency plasmons in doped graphene nanostructures are studied by the time-dependent density functional theory. The doping atoms include boron, nitrogen, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur atoms. The influences of the position and concentration of nitrogen dopants on the collective stimulation are investigated, and the effects of different types of doping atoms on the plasmonic stimulation are discussed. For different positions of nitrogen dopants, it is found that a higher degree of symmetry destruction is correlated with weaker optical absorption. In contrast, a higher concentration of nitrogen dopants is not correlated with a stronger absorption. Regarding different doping atoms, atoms similar to carbon atom in size, such as boron atom and nitrogen atom, result in less spectral attenuation. In systems with other doping atoms, the absorption is significantly weakened compared with the absorption of the pristine graphene nanostructure. Plasmon energy resonance dots of doped graphene lie in the visible and ultraviolet spectral range. The doped graphene nanostructure presents a promising material for nanoscaled plasmonic devices with effective absorption in the visible and ultraviolet range.

Application of PDCA Cycle Management Method in the Completion Rate of Scientific Research Projects in Medical University

Application of PDCA Cycle Management Method in the Completion Rate of Scientific Research Projects in Medical University

Improved Membrane Algorithm Under the Framework of P Systems to Solve Multimodal Multiobjective Problems

Multimodal multiobjective problems (MMOPs) exist in scientific research and practical projects, and their Pareto solution sets correspond to the same Pareto front. Existing evolutionary algorithms often fall into local optima when solving such problems, which usually leads to insufficient search solutions and their uneven distribution in the Pareto front. In this work, an improved membrane algorithm is proposed for solving MMOPs, which is based on the framework of P system. More specifically, the proposed algorithm employs three elements from P system: object, reaction rule, and membrane structure. The object is implemented by real number coding and represents a candidate solution to the optimization problem to be solved. The function of the reaction rule of the proposed algorithm is similar to the evolution operation of the evolutionary algorithm. It can evolve the object to obtain a better candidate solution set. The membrane structure is the evolutionary logic of the proposed algorithm. It consists of several membranes, each of which is an independent evolutionary unit. This structure is used to maintain the diversity of objects, so that it provides multiple Pareto sets as output. The effectiveness verification study was carried out in simulation experiments. The simulation results show that compared with other experimental algorithms, the proposed algorithm has a competitive advantage in solving all 22 multimodal benchmark test problems in CEC2019.

Presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in Exosomes from COVID‐19 Patients: Their Characterization and Prognostic Potential

Aim: Exosomes are frequently used for characterization of diseases, e.g., viral infections, but have not been reported for COVID-19. The aims of our study were to determine exosomes’ novel applications for SARS-CoV-2 RNA infection and prognosis of COVID-19 disease.Methods: From 15 COVID-19 patients and five healthy controls, 32 serum samples were collected by clinicians in Wuhan, China. Exosomes were purified, their RNAs (exoRNAs) were isolated and analyzed using RT-PCR for the presence of the N and/or ORF1ab viral genes, and the human RNaseP gene as reference.Results: Exosomes showed their typical lipid bilayer structure between 30 to 150 nm in size. No viral RNAs were detected from the 5 healthy controls. From 4 patients (26.67% of the patients), only the viral N but not the ORF1ab genes was detected. However, intact viral particles were not observed in exosome samples from the four positive patients. Importantly, expression of the N gene was detected during the active or early-stages of the disease, and the expression levels gradually decreased from the critical to the mild patients (in reverse to their CT values): Patient 1 /critical/ progress/ (CT-value: 34.74), Patient 9/severe/progress (CT-value: 37.65), Patient 11/severe /progress (CT-value: 37.16), and Patient 15/mild/early stage (CT-value: 38.44). Among them, only patient 1 had received stem cell transfusion. Patients 9 and 11 demonstrated recurrence of SARS-CoV-2. Patient 15 was the earliest phase patient with the N gene.Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 RNAs were detected in exosomes which came only from the 15 COVID-19 patients but not from the 5 healthy controls. In addition, the presence of the viral N gene showed association with severity in the disease. Our novel discovery indicates that SARS-CoV-2 RNAs in serum exosomes can be used to complement existing assays for characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and for prognosis of the COVID-19 disease.Funding Statement: This study was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 81702273), the Key Project for Anti-2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia from the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2020YFC0845500), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2018YFE0204500), Science and technology key project of Guangdong Province: Study on the source and epidemiology of COVID-19 (No.2020B111107001), the Scientific research project of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control in Guangdong universities (No.2020KZDZX1087), and the Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University Science, Technology and Innovation Seed Fund, Project znpy2018117 and znpy2019064.Declaration of Interests: We declare no competing interests.Ethics Approval Statement: The study was reviewed and approved by Medical Ethics Committee Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University in the Scientific Research project No 2020066.

Intestinal Flora Disorder by Smoking Aggravation Inflammatory Reaction of Sepsis Through Regulation of the Mitochondrial Damage Through NLRP3 Inflammasome by FFAR2

Background: Sepsis is a common critical illness in ICU and always a great difficulty in clinical treatment, is associated with intestinal flora disorder. However, the biological contribution of chronic smoking on intestinal flora disorder of sepsis has not been previously investigated. We investigated the mechanisms by which intestinal flora disorder by smoking, a possible role for distinguish sepsis, contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced inflammatory reaction. Methods: We performed studies with mice were induced to sepsis by Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), CLP mice were raised with intestinal flora disorder (OM, orally microbiome) by smoking. Lung tissues and cell samples were analyzed by histology, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot. Findings: Smoking significantly brought about intestinal flora disorder in sepsis model. Intestinal flora disorder by smoking promoted the risk of sepsis-induced inflammatory reactions. Intestinal flora disorder by smoking reduced short chain fatty acid (SCFAs) to open ROS-dependently mitochondrial damage in macrophage of sepsis model via the activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome by FFAR2/STAT3/ EBP50/Nox1/p47phox signal channel. Interpretation: These findings identify smoking-induced intestinal flora disorder as a possible important pathogenic factors of sepsis and may shed lights on understanding how sepsis-induced inflammation reaction. Funding: This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (81173134); Focus on research and development planning projects of Anhui Science and Technology Department (1804h080242); Natural science research project of Anhui university (KJ2017A248); Talent Introduction Program of Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College (YR202005), Science and Technology Innovation Team of Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College (YPF2019016) and Key project research fund of Wannan Medical College (WK2020ZF03 and WK2020F23). Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical Approval: All animal experiments were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College.

The impact of Plan S on scholarly journals from less developed European countries

In September 2018, Science Europe (https://www.scienceeurope.org/) launched the cOalition S initiative for increasing Open Access (OA) to research data and publications derived from publicly funded scientific research projects. The backbone of the initiative is Plan S with one main goal: With effect from 2021, scholarly publications on the results from research funded by public or private grants provided by national, regional and international research councils and funding bodies, must be published in Open Access Journals, on Open Access Platforms, or made immediately available through Open Access Repositories without embargo (1). Whichever of these three routes is taken, all publications must be published under an open license, preferably the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY), in order to fulfil the requirements defined by the Berlin Declaration. Many European research funders have been endorsing cOAlition S from the very beginning and supporting Plan S as one of the paths to science without publication paywalls. Its aims, principles, and scope are a step forward to open science. Despite this boost, it remains to be seen whether Plan S will have unexpected long-term effects on journals from small or peripheral scientific communities. Many researchers in these communities mainly publish in their domestic journals. Despite limited international reception, these journals can play an important role by increasing access to locally relevant information and helping domestic researchers to improve their publication performance. If the diamond OA publishing model of these journals loses stable national financial support, it would be an additional blow to small scientific communities.

A Qualitative Study: Who are the Social Workers?

Bu çalışma, sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının devlet tarafından algılanmasına dayalı bir sosyal politika eleştirisidir. Sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının, sosyal politikaların uygulanmasında önemli bir rol ve yetkiye sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Çalışmada, Türkiye'de çalışan 21 sosyal hizmet uzmanıyla yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda, rolleri ve yetkileri hakkında veri toplanmıştır. Görüşmeler, derinlemesine görüşmeler şeklinde yapılmıştır. Çalışma, İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Proje Birimi tarafından desteklenen yüksek lisans tezinin bir parçasıdır. Çalışma boyunca devletin sosyal hizmet uzmanlarını nasıl gördüğüne dair anlatılar tartışılmıştır. Sosyal hizmet uzmanları, devletin kendisini bir arabulucu, pasif politika uygulayıcısı ve muhalif olarak gördüğüne dair anlatıları paylaştı. Ancak sosyal hizmet uzmanları mesleki oluşumları nedeniyle uygulanacak politikalara yön verecek donanıma sahiptir. Siyasette aktif olmaları gerektiğini iddia etmelerinin yanı sıra sosyal refahı artırmayı hedefledikleri bu çalışmanın önemli bir sonucudur. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye'deki sosyal hizmet uzmanlarını ortaya çıkaran sıçan yarışını ortaya koyan bu çalışma, sosyal refah politikalarının revize edilmesi gerektiğini savunmaktadır.

Research and Application of Post Evaluation Method for Power Grid Technology Projects

With the development of refined power grid investment, power grid companies pay more attention to investment benefits and effects while taking into account reliability. However, in the practice of project evaluation, there are problems of “emphasis on results and neglect of transformation”, “emphasis on long-term and neglect on short-term”, poor objectivity and low accuracy of economic benefit evaluation. According to the characteristics of science and technology projects, the concept, scope and time scale of the post-evaluation of power grid science and technology projects are defined. On the basis of the existing State Grid Corporation’s project post-evaluation, an evaluation index and a mid- and long-term evaluation system were established to comprehensively evaluate the investment benefits of scientific and technological projects and improve the evaluation mechanism of current evaluation indicators. This paper also digs out the guiding indicators of evaluation, and takes the economic benefits of result transformation as an important evaluation indicator to guide project implementers to improve project quality during project implementation, thereby improving the efficiency and benefits of scientific research project investment.