Scientific Progress Research Articles (Page 1)

Analysis of discontinued radiotherapy trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov between 2014 and 2024.

Functional differentiation of Sojae semen Praeparatum: A multi-omics analysis of the effects of Artemisia annua and Mori folium on composition, microorganisms, and functional characteristics.

Omega-3 fatty acids, especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are critical for important physiological activities including foetal brain and infant eye development, lipid metabolism, and cognitive health. They also help guard against chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, dementia, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer’s. Since these fatty acids cannot be synthesized predominantly in the body, their dietary supplementation is necessary, and the quest for affordable sources is a key focus of public health. Fish is a significant source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and offers a diverse range of options based on cost and availability. India, with its rich biodiversity, offers a diverse range of freshwater fish species with varying nutrient profiles. This review compiles recent data on omega-3 fatty acid content in Indian freshwater fish, highlighting species-specific variations, geographical differences, and environmental influences on fatty acid levels. It also focuses on the nutritional value of omega-3 fatty acids in Indian diets and public health. The overall objective of this review was to encourage further research and to advocate for the inclusion of high omega-3 fish in dietary guidelines.

Digital transformation has developed significantly in the 21st century, and special attention has been paid to it in business and society. It is becoming more relevant and presents the private and public sectors with new challenges. Computer and mobile devices, information, and communication technologies are actively used in social, economic, industrial, engineering, and other fields, to create and implement their respective new-generation software applications. New paradigms based on the software industry including the development, and creation of new methods and methodologies or perfecting the existing ones are receiving a lot of attention worldwide, on which artificial intelligence (AI) had a significant impact. Regarding the ongoing digital transformation of organizations and business models companies have been facing the challenge for years of digitalizing the processes in management control. These processes have been undergoing fundamental changes, driven by the rapid development of AI in recent years. In this context, one of the most innovative and significant technological breakthroughs was the development of generative AI. AI tool ChatGPT plays an important role in advancing scientific progress by promoting the use of artificial intelligence, improving user interaction and accelerating innovation in various industries. This paper explores how AI can increase the effectiveness and efficiency of decision-making and management control. Efficiency is achieved through strategic decisions and efficiency through operational decisions. By integrating AI technologies, organizations can automate repetitive tasks, streamline data processes, and improve financial reporting and forecasting accuracy. AI-based analytics provide managers with deeper insights that enable more informed decisions about resources, processes, products and services. In addition, the paper examines how AI has shifted organizational focus from operational efficiency to strategic priorities. This change has contributed to a more flexible and responsive management control framework that allows organizations to adapt quickly their control system to changing market conditions and maintain a competitive advantage. In addition, one of the most prominent fields today is nanomanufacturing and the optimization of production processes. Through AI-driven optimization, it becomes possible to refine the synthesis and assembly of nanostructures, significantly improving precision and efficiency in production.

This study presents a comprehensive historical and scientific analysis of the evolution of blood pressure measurement methods, dedicated to the 120th anniversary of the fundamental discovery made by Russian physician Nikolai S. Korotkoff. In 1905, he introduced the auscultatory method, which became a turning point in the development of cardiology and general medical diagnostics. The work covers more than two centuries of scientific progress—from the first invasive experiments by Stephen Hales in the 18th century, when blood pressure measurement required direct vascular access in animals, through the fundamental contributions by Bernoulli and Poiseuille that established the theoretical basis for understanding blood flow, to the development of the first non-invasive sphygmomanometers in the 19th century. Special attention is given to the contributions by Vierordt, Marey, and Riva-Rocci, whose developments created the technological foundation for Korotkoff’s discovery. A central part of this study is devoted to the detailed analysis of the revolutionary auscultatory method, which was initially met with skepticism by the medical society, but due to its simplicity, accuracy, and reproducibility, rapidly gained worldwide recognition and became the gold standard in clinical practice. From a modern scientific standpoint, the hemodynamic and biomechanical basis of Korotkoff sounds is described, explaining the physical nature of their appearance related to the transition of blood flow from laminar to turbulent during gradual arterial decompression. Advantages and limitations of the method are analyzed, considering it not only as a historical phenomenon but also as a current diagnostic tool retaining relevance in contemporary medicine. Particular emphasis is placed on the influence of the Korotkoff method on subsequent technologies for blood pressure measurement, including the oscillometric method, which dominates modern automatic and semi-automatic blood pressure meters but still requires calibration and validation against the auscultatory reference standard. The study highlights that Korotkoff’s discovery remains one of the most significant contributions of a Russian scientist to global medical science, preserving its practical and methodological value even 120 years after its introduction.

The article is devoted to the features of scientific and technological development of Egypt and prospects for cooperation with Russia. Egypt is committed to develop science, technology and innovation in order to solve its social and economic problems. Scientific and technological development of Egypt is determined by historically more developed scientific infrastructure compared to other Arab states, but chronic overpopulation (105 million people), budget deficit, dependence on foreign imports and external debt. The work analyzes the current state, priorities and management of the scientific and technological sphere of Egypt. In this regard, the author provides an analysis of the main regulatory documents governing Egypt’s science and technology strategy, including the Sustainable Development Strategy: Egypt. Vision 2030 and the National Strategy for Science, Technology, and Innovation until 2030 (as of 2019). The government’s objectives include the construction of science cities, the promotion of scientific and technological partnerships that combine the capabilities of science and business, and the creation of a favorable regulatory environment. Egypt strives to strengthen its position as a leader in scientific and technological progress in Africa. Current challenges include the need to increase funding and strengthen the material base for science and technology development; increase publication activity, the number of researchers, and their salaries; and create favorable conditions for the commercialization of scientific achievements. Egypt is heavily dependent on foreign research centers in scientific and technological development, which carries both risks and opportunities. The problem itself sets the task of diversifying the scientific technological cooperation. The article emphasizes that Russia and Egypt have untapped potential for scientific and technological cooperation. Based on the analysis of the Scopus database, as well as expert interviews conducted in Egypt during 2024, the author suggests energy, medical research and pharmaceuticals, computer technology, space and ICT, as well as water (and agricultural) research among the priority scientific areas for cooperation.

The innovative growth model has enabled India to reach the cutting edge of scientific and technological progress. However, the country faces serious challenges in the social sphere, including scientific and technological development (STD). Many studies have been devoted to India’s STD model, but they largely focus on quantitative indicators, while insufficient attention is paid to the problems of international cooperation. The article assesses the potential for innovative development in India and considers Russian-Indian scientific and technological cooperation. To determine the prospects for such cooperation, in addition to assessing India’s innovative potential, it analyzes international ratings and identifies factors stimulating innovation development: government support; public-private partnership, tax incentives, simplification of administrative procedures for foreign investors; support for high-tech start-ups. The significant contribution of government programs, as well as the leading role of biotechnology and the development of space technologies, are noted. The following problems in R&D are described: a relatively small contribution of private sector companies to total funding; low level of university participation; insufficient development of professional training for the development and implementation of innovations; limited communication between industry and academia; human capital flight; uneven R&D funding across states. The article also describes the legal framework for bilateral cooperation between India and Russia, as well as multilateral cooperation within BRICS. It notes that over more than fifty years of collaboration, India and Russia have successfully implemented numerous joint scientific and technological projects, but the potential for bilateral cooperation is still far from exhausted.

This bibliometric analysis assesses scientific progress, spatial distribution, keyword trends, thematic evolution, and research gaps in cardiac rehabilitation research (CRR), with a focused appraisal of the post-COVID-19 era (2020–2023). Scopus-indexed publications from 1948 to 2023 and 2020 to 2023 were analyzed using VOSviewer (v1.6.19) and Biblioshiny (v2.0.2). The study was strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology-compliant. A total of 9173 CRR documents were identified, showing sustained exponential growth over time. The Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention emerged as the leading source. The United State, Canada, and the United Kingdom led global output and collaboration networks. Core keywords included “cardiac rehabilitation,” “coronary artery disease,” “myocardial infarction,” “exercise,” and “rehabilitation.” Post-COVID-19 analyses revealed a discernible thematic shift, with emerging clusters and hot themes centered on “age,” “primary care,” “heart transplant,” and “exercise”. This first comprehensive bibliometric overview of CRR maps long-term growth, geographic leaders, evolving themes, and research gaps, and highlights a reorientation of priorities in the post-COVID-19 era to inform future research directions.

Understanding the nature of the values and superordinate goals is both fascinating and highly consequential. Yet, existing taxonomies diverge in numerous respects, creating a barrier to scientific progress. To come to a fuller understanding, we conducted an integrated empirical analysis. We systematically gathered value-descriptive phrases from numerous past influential measures and item sets, standardized them to a common format, and eliminated redundancies, resulting in 359 items. We then asked two large samples of American adults to rate their commitment to these values, including a convenience sample (n = 312) and census-matched sample (n = 506). Analyses indicated that their structure can be parsimoniously described in terms of five broad domains: individual mastery, social rank, interpersonal relatedness, cultural conventionality, and universal justice. This solution was robust across samples and across many variations in analytic technique. Further analyses suggested that 13 more specific facets can be located within and between these domains, providing a more detailed description. This provides an organizing framework that should allow researchers examining different theories to more easily compare their findings. Further research is certainly needed to examine the generalizability of this structure across cultures. Nonetheless, the current investigation provides an important initial step by providing an integrated description of the structure of values in a Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic cultural context from which many prior models originated. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Modern Japanese writer Unno Jūza 海野十三 (1897-1949) published the story “The Music Bath at Eighteen O’clock” 十八時の音楽浴 ("Jūhachiji no ongakuyoku") in 1937 that envisions a future where the use of science, utopian desires, and dystopian realities intertwine. By examining Unno’s life, the socio-political context of interwar Japan, and reading his story as dystopian fiction, I argue that “Jūhachiji no ongakuyoku” cannot only be interpreted as a propagandist story advocating for scientific progress in militarism; it is also a political satire modeled on 1930s Japan and a cautionary tale. Unno’s dystopia shows us that utopian perfection can never be realized without the devastating loss in human lives, identity, and morality.

The article dedicated to the 95th anniversary of the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences is devoted to the theoretical legacy of Yu.Ya. Olsevich, one of the Institute's leading experts on the impact of scientific and technological progress on the transformation of socio-economic systems. Special attention is paid to the developed Yu. Olsevich concepts of the infra-industry. Foreign theories were criticized for not paying enough attention to the main directions of scientific and technological progress in various socio-economic systems. When analyzing the Soviet experience, Yu. Olsevich highlighted the problems of over-centralization, largely due to the permanent confrontation with the Western bloc, which corresponded to the approaches of many Western Sovietologists. The current stage of social development is characterized by the special role of the infra-industry, a subsystem of productive forces that unites various industries. In addition to highlighting the progressive potential of the scientific and technological revolution, Yu. Olsevich noted a number of risks, primarily related to increasing inequality and environmental problems. It is shown that the modern technical and economic system is characterized by an increase in the socialization of production, which implies the development of state planning mechanisms. At the same time, the complexity of production processes implies maintaining the complexity of the economy. The article notes that the development of the legacy of Yu. Olsevich's work is becoming particularly relevant at the present time.

Despite consistent progress in gender equity across health disciplines, women continue to be underrepresented in dental research both as authors and editors. Although the number of female dental graduates and practitioners has increased substantially over recent decades, this growth has not been reflected proportionally in academic authorship, senior research positions, or editorial board participation within dental journals[1,2]. Prado et al.[3], in a recent bibliometric analysis, examined gender trends in the authorship of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) in dentistry. Their results demonstrated that, although female participation as authors has increased, women remain markedly underrepresented in senior (last) authorship positions — a key indicator of academic leadership and supervisory responsibility. Similar trends were noted in orthodontic research. Schumacher et al.[4] analyzed over 2,500 articles from three leading orthodontic journals and found that women comprised 34.4% of all authors and only 30.1% of senior (last) authors in 2018–2020, showing limited progress from a decade earlier. Female first authorship increased to 44.7%, yet gender parity remains unmet, particularly in leadership roles. The study identified geographic region, journal type, and research theme as key factors influencing gender distribution within orthodontic publications. Women continue to be underrepresented among journal editors and editorial board members in dentistry. Such editorial structures often mirror entrenched academic hierarchies and understated gender biases, where professional networks and advancement pathways still tend to favor men[5]. The underrepresentation of women in dental research is not only a matter of equity but also a limitation on scientific progress. Diversity within research teams enhances creativity, methodological rigor, and the societal relevance of findings. In dentistry—where patient populations mirror a broad range of biological and social differences—the active inclusion of women’s perspectives is vital to ensuring that research priorities, approaches, and outcomes are both representative and responsive to the needs of all patients. Addressing this imbalance requires structural change within academic settings. Universities and dental organizations should strengthen mentorship systems, ensure transparency in promotion and hiring, and integrate gender equity into editorial and governance frameworks. Journals can advance this goal by publishing diversity statistics, broadening reviewer representation, and increasing the inclusion of women in senior editorial positions. Funding bodies should monitor equitable participation and leadership in research.

This article examines how the American psychologist David McClelland advocated a quasi-colonial interventionist view to social science, shaped by his understanding of scientific progress, economic development, and social change. In the 1960s, he saw real-world experiments as a means both to test his theories and to generate knowledge efficiently and quickly-all with the ultimate aim of improving the human condition. While his primary focus was knowledge production rather than social transformation, his dual roles as professor and consultant carried an interventionist dimension, grounded in the belief that psychological measuring instruments could serve as tools for psychological training. By reconstructing this stance and the interstitial space McClelland created between academia and consultancy, I aim to show that his drive to intervene-exemplified by his company's work in Curaçao-stemmed less from a pre-scientific conviction than from a distinctive mode of scientific practice.

Aim. The work aimed to structure and assess the spatial development issues of the Central Federal District (CFD) regions. Objectives. The work seeks to characterize current spatial development issues in the CFD entities; to demonstrate the consequences of concentrating economic growth in a limited number of territories; to study the tendency of declining the share of residents of small and mediumsized cities and rural areas among the Russian population; to examine changes in interregional disparities in socio-economic development; to assess the impact of scientific and technological progress on spatial development in Russia; to analyze interregional disparities in socio-economic development in the CFD regions, as well as to identify leaders and outsiders; to explore international experience in addressing demographic issues; and to assess the demographic situation across Russia. Methods. We applied general scientific principles of systemic, historical, and comparative analysis of regional issues affecting territorial development indicators. The study is based on an analysis of regional statistics and regulatory documents. Deduction and induction were used to identify the common and specific features in various models of interaction between territorial systems. In order to summarize and systematize the information obtained, we used content analysis to identify examples of the spatial development of the RF regions and examine the causes and context of regional development pathways. Results. In the course of summarizing and studying the theoretical foundations of regional economics and identifying key methods for its implementation in the scientific works of Russian and international scientists, we analyzed the current state of spatial development in the constituent entities of Russia. Specifically, we structured the problems of spatial development in the CFD regions, highlighted achievements and mechanisms for solving emerging problems, and identified areas of regional cooperation and prospects for spatial development in the federal districts in the context of rapidly developing regional economies and the new geopolitical reality that has emerged in the country. Conclusions. The study confirmed the existence of regional problems and differences in the spatial development of Russian constituent entities. The work established the need for a differentiated approach, combining consideration of initial potential opportunities and the selection of tools for solving complex regional spatial problems. Russian constituent entities are characterized by a high level of differentiation across many macroeconomic and regional indicators. Interregional disparities in the socio-economic development of individual Russian constituent entities are changing due to emerging social, cultural, household, and economic problems. The growing risk of staff shortage, especially for regions with high population outflow, creates demographic problems not only in the regional labor market, but in the country as a whole. The increasing influence of scientific and technological progress on the spatial development of the country and its regions is caused by the expansion of industrial innovation potential within the Strategy for the Development of the Manufacturing Industry of the Russian Federation to 2030 and for the period up to 2035.

Research funding is a key determinant of scientific progress. However, current allocation procedures for third-party funding are criticized due to high costs and biases in the selection. Here, we present data from a large German funding organization on an implementation of a lottery-first approach followed by peer review to allocate funding. We examine the changes in submissions and funded projects of female applicants after implementation, estimate the costs of the overall allocation process, and report on the attitudes and satisfaction of researchers and reviewers. The data show an increase of 10% in submissions and a 23% increase in funded projects from female applicants with the lottery-first approach compared to a previously used procedure. Additionally, the lottery-first approach was estimated to have 68% lower economic costs compared to a conventional single-stage peer review approach. Satisfaction with this funding approach was high and around half of applicants preferred an initial lottery followed by peer review over a conventional approach. Thus, the lottery-first approach is a promising addition to allocation procedures.

ABSTRACT While the body of environmental governance research (EGR) continues to grow, it does not appear to become more coherent or cumulable. A lack of knowledge cumulation—defined as the systematic building on previous knowledge by broadening, deepening, contextualizing, questioning or rejecting existing theories and empirical evidence—may hinder both scientific progress and policy relevance. In the interdisciplinary field of EGR, the cumulation of knowledge faces a number of challenges, including epistemological discrepancies; interdisciplinary plurality of concepts, theories, methods and research questions; and an academic incentive system that prioritizes novelty and originality over sustained engagement with prior research. For the first time in EGR, this Special Issue on Knowledge Cumulation in Environmental Governance Research conceptually and empirically explores (a) how knowledge cumulation relates to interdisciplinarity, transdisciplinarity, epistemic justice, action orientation, and policy relevance; (b) how the degree of knowledge cumulation in the field can be assessed, and with what results; (c) which methods support knowledge cumulation; and (d) what generally hinders knowledge cumulation, and how these obstacles can be overcome. The findings are manifold. Within and across several subfields of EGR, epistemological positions, research questions, understandings of key concepts, theories, methods, and author networks prove to be highly fragmented. Structural academic incentives, such as the emphasis on novelty, further inhibit knowledge cumulation. At the same time, interdisciplinary knowledge integration, dialogue and collaboration across knowledge holders and epistemic communities, and research practices and publication formats designed to facilitate knowledge cumulation, offer promising avenues to address the challenges in EGR.

Does epistemic diversity necessarily promote scientific progress, or does this idea persist more as a normative principle than as an empirical finding? In this hypothesis-essay, I argue that scientific pluralism does not automatically entail epistemic fluidity. Distinct scientific communities may share publication venues and rhetorical commitments while remaining epistemically insulated. Building on recent debates about epistemic bubbles and echo chambers, I suggest that even within science, traditionally conceived as a self-correcting enterprise, mechanisms of selective exposure and institutional filtering can restrict genuine epistemic permeability. Frequently presented as an inherently diverse discipline, ethnobiology offers a revealing context for exploring whether declared plurality translates into dialogical openness or stabilizes into parallelism. The argument does not treat ethnobiology as a confirmed case, but as a field in which this hypothesis of pluralism without fluidity can be examined. I invite a reconsideration of how epistemic contact, reflexivity, and institutional design shape the moral and cognitive architecture of scientific progress.

Comments on an article by D. S. Chester et al. (see record 2026-29451-001). Chester et al. raised objections to the use of the term "dark" for describing antagonistic traits, such as narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Their central claim is that "dark" is stigmatizing, sensationalistic, imprecise, and potentially problematic. While their concerns merit careful consideration, it is notable that the authors provide no scientific evidence to substantiate them. Here, the commentators defend the continued use of this terminology while providing bibliometric evidence demonstrating that the term "dark" has facilitated interdisciplinary scientific progress and helped consolidate a rapidly growing field of research. While Chester et al. highlight the term "dark" as imprecise because of its multiple meanings, its consistent use within personality research, as shown in bibliometric networks, suggests a shared scientific understanding that mitigates ambiguity when applied with conceptual consistency. Abandoning this label would risk fragmenting a field that has achieved rapid and cumulative progress under its unifying influence. Chester et al. caution that "dark" is sensationalistic and risks delegitimizing the study of antagonistic traits. We acknowledge that the term carries rhetorical power, but this feature can be seen as a strength rather than a flaw. Its accessibility has helped consolidate research on antagonistic traits and fostered interdisciplinary dialogue within psychology. Terms that resonate widely often catalyze scientific discourse; the challenge is not to discard them, but to apply them responsibly. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychedelic therapy is commonly understood as a form of psychotherapy. However, despite promising results from clinical trials, scientific progress has been hindered by a lack of theoretical integration between the fields of psychedelic and psychotherapy research. This article seeks to bridge this divide by outlining a transtheoretical understanding of psychedelic-occasioned psychological change based on Klaus Grawe's model of general change mechanisms-an empirically grounded framework of psychotherapeutic "common factors" that emphasizes therapeutic experiences and change processes. Drawing on extensive evidence from psychedelic research, we argue that the efficacy of psychedelic therapy is ultimately mediated by the same five general change mechanisms that underlie all effective psychotherapies: (1) resource activation, (2) therapeutic relationship, (3) problem actuation, (4) clarification, and (5) mastery. Implications for clinical practice, training, and future research are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2025 APA, all rights reserved).

A call to action: Advancing new approach methodologies (NAMs) in regulatory toxicology through a unified framework for validation and acceptance.