Science Magazine Research Articles

INCOMPATIBLE BUSINESS BEHAVIOR TOWARD ISLAMIC ETHICS: A STUDY ON THE PRACTICES OF RIBA AND BANK INTEREST

Various kinds of interpretations of usury and interest in modern financial institutions (banks), both from jurists and Muslim economists, seem to occur because the 'illat usury put forward by the jurists is seen as inaccurate in the development of Islamic legal thought. Gharar which is translated as speculation is equated with gambling because of the uncertainty for the parties (seller and buyer). This research uses a literature study, which is carried out by collecting, studying and reviewing books, scientific magazines and related documents such as theses and scientific journals. Many modern societies carry out such practices, such as buying and selling agricultural products that are still on the land with a wholesale system. When viewed from the ethical side of Islamic transactions, both usury, interest and gharar violate the ethics of transactions. Ethical considerations prohibiting usury, interest and gharar, due to unfairness, exploitation and unproductiveness. While the system of economic ethics emphasizes products, fairness and honesty in trade, and fair competition. In this case, good ethics will give good business, good ethics: good business. Ethics that is in the spotlight in this study, especially ethics in the operations and transactions of Islamic financial institutions. Then the sharia financial institutions in question include sharia banking, sharia pawnshops, sharia insurance, and sharia capital markets, all of which are some forms of representation of sharia macro financial institutions that are certain. have a significant impact on the nation's economic development. So that behavior that is not in accordance with Islamic ethics, such as related to usury and bank interest, must be avoided for Muslims.

Keeping Up With the Medical Literature: Why, How, and When?

Keeping Up With the Medical Literature: Why, How, and When?

Author Response

Author Response

PENGEMBANGAN MAJALAH SAINS DIGITAL BERBASIS LITERASI SAINS PADA MATERI PEMANASAN GLOBAL UNTUK SISWA KELAS VII DI SMP NEGERI 1 RAMBIPUJI

This study aims to obtain information on product validation of science literacy-based science magazines in science learning about global warming in class VII and to describe students’ responses to science magazines based on scientific literacy in science learning on the subject of global warming in class VII. This study uses an R&D (Research & Development) development approach with the Hannafin and Peck model which has three learning designs, namely needs analysis (needs assess), design (design), development/ implementation (develop/ implement). The result showed that science literacy-based science magazine teaching materials based on the assessment of material experts met the validation criteria of 95%, media experts met the validation criteria of 86,15%, and student responses stated that they were interesting 87,11%, so that the teaching materials developed met the criteria valid and attractive criteria.

Von Braun, Tikhonravov, and Space Flight in American and Soviet Post-War Popular Media

Wernher von Braun and Mikhail Tikhonravov had the nature of their scientific roles shown through their connections to popular science media in the countries where they worked during the 1950s. Von Braun’s background was reflected through the edutainment of three Disneyland episodes, and Tikhonravov was unique in his association with Soviet popular science magazines. Their personal interests in relation to their work could also be shown through their interactions with the public sphere.

STEM the bullying: An empirical investigation of abusive supervision in academic science.

BackgroundAcademic bullying is a topic of significant interest of late, with high profile cases featured in scientific journals. Our aim is to document the nature and extent of academic bullying behaviors, examining who are the primary targets and perpetrators as well as the responses to and outcomes of bullying.MethodsWe developed a cross-sectional global survey aimed primarily at those in academic science institutions. The survey was administered via Qualtrics and data were collected (between November 2019 and July 2021) from 2006 individuals whose participation was solicited through various means including advertisements in Science and Nature magazines and the American Chemical Society.FindingsAmong the 2006 survey participants, the majority of targets were graduate students or postdocs. An overwhelming proportion of participants reported either experiencing (84%) or witnessing (59%) abusive supervision, or both (49%). While a majority of perpetrators were male, they were proportionately no more likely to abuse than females. Perpetrators were more likely from the highest-ranked institutions and they were most likely PIs. Females were more likely to report being bullied but their scores on the Tepper abusive supervision scale and the contextual behavior checklist we developed were not greater than male targets. Male targets actually reported higher levels of certain bullying behaviors. While international scholars were no more likely to report being bullied, the severity of the behaviors they reported was significantly greater. Targets (64%) were most likely to use avoidant tactics (not reporting and relying on family/friends for support) in response to bullying due to fear of retaliation (61%). The small percentage that did report the abuse (29%) overwhelmingly reported unfair and biased (58%) outcomes. Additional qualitative analysis of open-ended comments revealed similar patterns. We also noticed that the COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated academic bullying and changed the patterns of behaviors possibly due to the remote nature of interactions. Open-ended responses from targets are analyzed with examples provided.InterpretationOur results elucidated the various forms of abuse, the most likely perpetrators and targets, as well as the typical reactions of targets and witnesses. We investigated the results of targets’ actions following chronic bullying. Our findings highlight the domain, extent, and dynamics of academic bullying to hopefully motivate the scientific community to take action.

O museu como objeto de pesquisa para o ensino de história: um balanço (1980-2017)

O presente artigo apresenta um balanço sobre as pesquisas na área de Ensino de História que fazem usos do museu entre os anos de 1980 e 2017. Na primeira sessão, é apresentado um mapeamento dos artigos publicados em revistas científicas e em comunicações apresentadas em eventos de Ensino de História. A segunda sessão é composta por uma discussão sobre as referências metodológicas que orientam as produções historiográficas analisadas.

Data sharing practices and data availability upon request differ across scientific disciplines

Data sharing is one of the cornerstones of modern science that enables large-scale analyses and reproducibility. We evaluated data availability in research articles across nine disciplines in Nature and Science magazines and recorded corresponding authors’ concerns, requests and reasons for declining data sharing. Although data sharing has improved in the last decade and particularly in recent years, data availability and willingness to share data still differ greatly among disciplines. We observed that statements of data availability upon (reasonable) request are inefficient and should not be allowed by journals. To improve data sharing at the time of manuscript acceptance, researchers should be better motivated to release their data with real benefits such as recognition, or bonus points in grant and job applications. We recommend that data management costs should be covered by funding agencies; publicly available research data ought to be included in the evaluation of applications; and surveillance of data sharing should be enforced by both academic publishers and funders. These cross-discipline survey data are available from the plutoF repository.

LSAMP-NICE: Expanding International STEM Research for Underrepresented Minorities

Background: The global challenges of climate change, disease and hunger exceed national borders as do possibilities of sustained life, exploration and economic development in outer space. Both help to underscore the need for sustained international STEM research to leverage the talent embedded in different countries and in diverse groups within countries. This study focuses on the United States National Science Foundation provision of funds to its Louis Stokes Alliance for Minority Participation (LSAMP) Program to create a National Center of Excellence LSAMP-NICE for the establishment of international STEM Research Partnerships with a particular emphasis on the integration of international collaborative research for underrepresented minority STEM faculty, students and graduates. The study focuses on the diffusion of this Center’s services to the LSAMP Community, a group of 56 LSAMP funded STEM enrichment programs located across the United States. We found that LSAMP-NICE used mass media (a website and two advertorials in a national journal) and an annual national meeting as its major diffusion strategies during its first two years. Forty-two (42) programs responded to the questionnaire. The majority of the respondents (71.4%) had not used the website; 88.1% had not read the Advertorial in Science Magazine; and 78.6% did not attend the national 2019 LSAMP-NICE Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C. Our study suggests a need for additional diffusion techniques to reach the intended audience. Some respondent suggestions for diffusion include participation by LSAMP-NICE representatives at LSAMP Regional Conferences and Symposia, visits by LSAMP-NICE staff to LSAMP programs, forging relationships with higher education institutions abroad so LSAMP students can obtain summer or longer-term research experiences and providing technical assistance on applying for international travel funds.

Закат империи Цин: от традиционализма к конституционализму (по материалам российской печати)

Introduction. The purpose of this study is to describe significant historical events that have transformed the foundations of Chinese statehood, and to emphasize the peculiarities of their reflection in the Russian periodicals. The article presents the characteristics of the Qing Empire’s last decade of existence. This topic is relevant in the study of both world and national history, since the monarchical system in Russia during this period was also experiencing a profound crisis. Methods and materials. Based on the principle of historicism, the dialectical method of scientific knowledge was applied. The systematic and comparative methods made it possible to combine and compare various publications within one research project. Publications of Russian magazines and newspapers of various ideological orientations, aimed at mass and elite readers, are used as a historical source. Among them are magazines “Vestnik of Asia” and “News of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs” for a professionally trained reader, as well as literary and political (“Northern Notes”, “Russian Thought”, “Vestnik of Europe”) and historical and literary (“Vestnik of Foreign Literature”) publications of a moderately liberal orientation. Such popular science (with a literary and literary-political trend) magazines as “Russian wealth”, “The whole world”, “Vestnik Znaniya”, “The world” propagandized the achievements of European civilization, including the positive results of reforms held in China on the European model, among the broad strata of the Russian population. The largest amount of information about reforms in China and calls to carry out or, on the contrary, prevent such transformations in Russia, is contained in newspapers of various ideological orientations, such as “Russian Banner”, “St. Petersburg Vedomosti”, “Speech”, “Pravda” and “Neva Star”. Analysis. The articles containing information on the reasons and content of the reform activities of the Qing dynasty were analyzed. The role of Russian periodicals in the formation of ideas of various social groups about the political, socio-economic changes taking place in China is shown. Political and socio-economic problems that have analogies in the Russian Empire are emphasized. Results. The idealization of the Chinese culture of the past centuries is now a thing of the past. In the pages of newspapers and magazines, the image of China was quickly transformed. Despite the irregular and haphazard flow of information and the borrowing of subjective assessments of authors from foreign publications, representatives of various Russian ideological trends fought among themselves, using subjects from the life of modern China as examples. China’s movement from traditionalism to constitutionalism was of the greatest interest to the Russian progressive public. Key words: Qing Empire, reforms in China, Xinhai Revolution, Russian Empire, image of China, Russian periodicals.

Impact of COVID‐19 on agricultural food: A Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has put unprecedented stress on agricultural food. Therefore, the goal of this study is to analyze the effect of the COVID‐19 outbreak on agricultural food and provide policy recommendations based on SWOT analysis to minimize risks. Data from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics were used for this study with a thorough literature review containing policy documents and scientific magazines in the related sector. There is enough evidence to demonstrate that the COVID‐19 pandemic has had a massive influence on agricultural food supply, largely impacting food demand as well as food insecurity. The study uses SWOT analysis to identify the highest‐priority policies that may remediate the current issues. Key strategies include developing new online resources such as digitized trade and providing a digital platform to strengthen the buyer–supplier collaboration and lower the risk of food wastage and insecurity. The government should invest in technology that contributes to the sustainable flow of agricultural products along the supply chain to prevent food crises during the pandemic.

Indicators For Evaluating Overweight And Obesity Actions In Primary Care - A Scoping Review Protocol / Indicadores Para Avaliar Acções De Excesso De Peso E Obesidade Nos Cuidados Primários - Um Protocolo De Revisão Do Âmbito

Background: The evaluation of health policies and actions allows us to measure the effectiveness of interventions and to suggest adjustments in order to achieve the desired outcome. Identifying indicators that reflect the different aspects of coping with overweight and obesity is a challenge for health evaluators, and shows the scope and relevance of the evaluative studies in the area. Aim:This article aims to present a protocol for a scoping review on the mapping of indicators used in primary care to monitor and evaluate actions for dealing with overweight and obesity. It is intended to answer the following questions: What are the indicators used to assess and monitor actions to deal with overweight and obesity in primary care? Are the indicators used able to assess and monitor the different components inherent in the recommended interventions to address overweight and obesity in primary care? Are the indicators used in line with the principles of primary care? Methods:The protocol described here was based on the recommendations of the PRISMA EXTENSION FOR SCOPING REVIEWS - PRISMA -Scr and the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley. Expected Results: It is hoped that the results of the scoping review can contribute to the improvement of health evaluation related to overweight and obesity in primary care. In order to disseminate the results and make it possible to reach the actors involved with overweight and obesity, the results of the scoping review will be published in a scientific magazine and presented at conferences and other relevant events.

Building the fourth pillar

The past decade saw great excitement over cancer immunotherapy, reaching a fever pitch, with the discovery being heralded as a “game changer”.1 In 2013 Science magazine dubbed immunotherapy the “breakthrough of the year”,2 and in 2018 the Nobel prize in physiology and medicine was awarded for contributions to the field.3 Throughout the 2010s unprecedented clinical results were seen with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy,4–6 and the first FDA approvals were obtained for CAR T-cell products,7 oncolytic viruses,8 and checkpoint blockade.9 Despite rapid advances, cancer immunotherapy progress has not been without its hurdles. New toxicities and high costs continue to challenge the field, alongside uncertainties regarding the durability of responses and widespread applicability of these therapies across different tumour types.10,11 Now, at the close of the decade we provide herein a brief overview of the history and current state of immunotherapy, reflecting on whether this treatment modality has truly “changed the game”.

Mediatization as a Factor in Increasing Interest in Modern Popular Science Media (“Science and Life” and “Popular Mechanics”)

The article is devoted to the study of multimedia tools that are used when placing content in online versions of popular science publications. The relevance of the issue is due to the need to use new convergent forms of promotion of printed publications in the field of mass communications. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that for the first time the process of multimediaization in the popular science segment of the media is described. The role that multimedia tools play in the development of modern popular science media is shown. Particular attention is paid to topical problems of the functioning of popular science journals, possible ways to solve them, as well as, in this regard, the potential of multimedia. The content analysis and comparative research of electronic and printed versions of popular science magazines “Science and Life” and “Popular Mechanics” are presented. The question is raised about how multimedia expands the opportunities for brand promotion. On the basis of the results obtained, conclusions were formulated about the more effective use of multimedia in popular science media. The definitions of multimedia are given and the classification of the functions of multimedia elements in the publications of Internet media is proposed. It has been proven that modern popular science media does not use the entire range of multimedia elements in Internet versions, which negatively affects their popularization.

Circumcision Debates in Sexology Magazine (1934–1975)

This article explores articles about circumcision that appeared in Sexology: Sex Science Magazine, with particular attention to how the debates shifted and changed over a forty-year period. The articles on circumcision in Sexology begin in November 1934 and end in the May 1973 issue, with every decade of publication includes articles on circumcision, corresponding with growing debates about the medicalization of routine neonatal circumcision. The first article sought to understand “circumcision among savage peoples,” which was quickly followed by an article on “Circumcision among the Jews,” and then “Medical view of circumcision.” In its earliest issues, Sexology advanced arguments in favor of routine circumcision, but in its final article on the topic, Sexology asks, “what’s so good about circumcision?”

Study of the Seismoelectric Effect of the Second Kind Using Molecular Sensors.

The article is devoted to the study of the potential possibilities of using molecular-electronic sensors of seismic waves for field work using the seismoelectric method to explore the hydrocarbon deposits. The introduction provides an analytical review of the current state of research based on data from science magazines and patents. It is shown that at present, seismoelectric effects are at the stage of experimental implementation into the practice of field work for oil and gas geophysical prospecting. Further in the article, theoretical estimates and results of mathematical modeling of the manifestation of seismoelectric (SE) phenomena in the regions of hydrocarbon anomalies are presented, numerical estimates of the values of the seismic and secondary electromagnetic fields are given. The analysis of the results (on a tank and real gas condensate field) showed that the use of molecular-electronic geophones, which have a higher sensitivity and operate in a wider frequency range (up to 0.1 Hz), allows one to obtain higher signal-to-noise ratio. Thus, it has been experimentally established that the use of molecular sensors for recording seismic electric effects when searching for deposits is more preferable when carrying out field work.

Erratum

CladisticsVolume 37, Issue 4 p. 459-459 ErratumFree Access Erratum This article corrects the following: Erratum Volume 37Issue 4Cladistics pages: 459-459 First Published online: March 24, 2021 Correction(s) for this article Erratum Volume 37Issue 4Cladistics pages: 459-459 First Published online: March 24, 2021 First published: 24 March 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/cla.12441AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat The explosion of research on COVID-19 has resulted in an unprecedented pace of publication. Science magazine states that there were more than 23 000 papers published between January and May, 2020, and 4000 papers published in one week in May (https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/05/scientists-are-drowning-covid-19-papers-can-new-tools-keep-them-afloat). Retractionwatch has given COVID-19 literature its own section (https://retractionwatch.com/retracted-coronavirus-covid-19-papers/). In my paper, I cite critiques published in Proceedings of the National Academy (USA) of a paper published in the same issue by Forster et al (2020, PNAS 117: 9241–9243). The authors involved intend to continue their debate through replies in future publications. I relied on the published critiques and what I now consider to be my partial misreading of Forster et al. This resulted in an incorrect characterization of Forster et al. and my criticism of their paper should be set aside. Reference Wenzel, J., 2020. Origins of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are often poorly explored in leading publications. Cladistics 36, 374– 379. Wiley Online LibraryWeb of Science®Google Scholar Volume37, Issue4August 2021Pages 459-459 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Uso de textos de divulgação científica na educação em saúde

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, em publicações da área de ensino de ciências, características relativas ao uso de texto de divulgação científica (TDC) para educação em saúde em atividades didáticas aplicadas no contexto escolar. O levantamento foi realizado nas seguintes fontes: artigos de revistas da área de Ensino de Ciências; trabalhos do Encontro Nacional de Pesquisa em Educação em Ciências; trabalhos do Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Biologia. A caracterização geral das atividades reportadas nos trabalhos evidenciaram que a maioria foi aplicada na disciplina Ciências ou Biologia. As temáticas de saúde mais abordadas nas atividades foram aquelas relacionadas à genética, seguida de nutrição e dengue. Os tipos de TDC utilizados foram predominantemente revistas de divulgação científica. Aprender novos conceitos científicos e estabelecer relações entre o conteúdo abordado e seu cotidiano foram os objetivos didáticos mais citados nas atividades. Dentre as várias estratégias adotadas, observou-se a predominância da leitura coletiva e discussão em sala. As contribuições didáticas mais observadas nas propostas foram o aumento da participação e interesse as aulas, e capacidade de articular conteúdos científicos com o cotidiano.

Single-cell profiling for advancing birth defects research and prevention.

Cellular analysis of developmental processes and toxicities has traditionally entailed bulk methods (e.g., transcriptomics) that lack single cell resolution or tissue localization methods (e.g., immunostaining) that allow only a few genes to be monitored in each experiment. Recent technological advances have enabled interrogation of genomic function at the single-cell level, providing new opportunities to unravel developmental pathways and processes with unprecedented resolution. Here, we review emerging technologies of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to globally characterize the gene expression sets of different cell types and how different cell types emerge from earlier cell states in development. Cell atlases of experimental embryology and human embryogenesis at single-cell resolution will provide an encyclopedia of genes that define key stages from gastrulation to organogenesis. This technology, combined with computational models to discover key organizational principles, was recognized by Science magazine as the "Breakthrough of the year" for 2018 due to transformative potential on the way we study how human cells mature over a lifetime, how tissues regenerate, and how cells change in diseases (e.g., patient-derived organoids to screen disease-specific targets and design precision therapy). Profiling transcriptomes at the single-cell level can fulfill the need for greater detail in the molecular progression of all cell lineages, from pluripotency to adulthood and how cell-cell signaling pathways control progression at every step. Translational opportunities emerge for elucidating pathogenesis of genetic birth defects with cellular precision and improvements for predictive toxicology of chemical teratogenesis.

Popular science magazines in the Hindi language: an assessment

This review paper is based on the journey of science magazines in Hindi language. Apart from being the official language of India, Hindi is the third most spoken language in the world. Education in mother tongue is also being promoted by the government. In such a situation, it is necessary to study the Hindi science magazines which play an important contribution in science communication. In this direction, this review paper presents the discussion of various Hindi magazines to be published in the Hindi language. Through this, the challenges faced by Hindi science magazines have also been outlined.