The design and validation of a complementary yoga therapy module based on patient-reported survey outcomes for migraine headache.

Particulate matter (PM), ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor air parcels, is an environmental hazard and poses a risk to human health. The proclivity for PM to be continuously inhaled is what leads to adverse human outcomes. This is because often if not always, PM is chemically laden with toxins. The scientific literature is impressively growing with studies in vitro and in vivo that probe PM-induced cellular deaths, resulting in improved knowledge of disease onset. New cell death mechanisms are being proposed, including revisions of canonical definitions (e.g., necrosis). It is helpful in our view if the current knowledge of the processes within a cell initiated by PM insults and leading to cell death are summarized and supplemented to the literature. Such a summary should highlight proteins that act as death activators or gatekeepers in a given affected transduction pathway. Additionally, this summary should discern how PM dose can promote cell death versus lead to signaling that restores cell function. The result should underscore cell resiliency and provide insight on therapeutic strategies. To this end, the objective of this review is to present reception, transduction, and the response of a cell to PM exposure. We emphasize cellular transduction pathways that have been reported by the literature as impacted significantly by PM uptake (that would otherwise occur during homeostasis in a well-regulated manner) and the resulting defined cell deaths: autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, and cuproptosis. We find that while reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent inflammatory cytokine release are commonly studied and subject to therapeutic research, damage to organelles such as the mitochondrion (and leading to mitophagy) is receiving equivalent attention as attractive research targets. We conclude the review by scaling cell death to organ or organism pathophysiology and the importance of a genetic mutations for burden of PM-induced disease. That is, while air pollution or PM might not directly cause mutations, it can be a driver by creating an environment within the cell that favors the growth and progression of cells with these mutations.

Microemulsions versus nanoemulsions: A comparative overview of features, formulation, and pharmaceutical applications.

Antiplasmodial Compounds from Clerodendrum rotundifolium Oliv. and Oral Toxicity Assessment of the Leaf Extracts.

Development and Validation of a Sensitive Search Strategy for Pharmacy Education.

Assisted infant toilet training: A pathway to planetary health?

Background: Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare, potentially life-threatening bradykinin-mediated disorder with limited pediatric treatment options and little comparative evidence. Icatibant, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist, has demonstrated efficacy in adults and has emerging evidence in children. Objective: To evaluate and synthesize clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of icatibant for acute HAE attacks in pediatric patients. Methods: A literature search was performed by using medical literature data bases, clinical trial and research registries, and key journals through January 2026. The primary outcome was the time to onset of symptom relief. Secondary outcomes included the time to minimum symptoms, pain scores, adverse events, and feasibility of self- or caregiver administration. All included studies were nonrandomized, single-arm trials with heterogeneous designs and outcomes definitions; therefore, a meta-analysis was not performed, and all studies were descriptively evaluated. Results: This systematic review identified three clinical studies of icatibant for acute HAE attacks in children ages 0 to 17 years. Three open-label, phase III studies, which included 43 pediatric patients were reviewed. Icatibant demonstrated rapid symptom relief, with a median onset at ∼1 hour and minimum symptoms within 2 hours, although repeated dosing showed variability. Icatibant was well tolerated, with injection-site reactions as the most common adverse events and no serious treatment-related events. Self- or caregiver administration was feasible and effective in adolescents. Conclusion: Icatibant was safe and effective in the pediatric studies, providing rapid symptoms relief and a favorable tolerability profile. Despite limitations from small sample sizes and lack of comparator trials, current evidence supports icatibant as a targeted, practical option for treating acute HAE attacks in children.

Charles Friedman's Fundamental Theorem of Biomedical Informatics holds that a person working in partnership with an information resource outperforms that same person unassisted. Since its publication, advances in artificial intelligence (AI), adaptive learning systems, and large-scale data infrastructures have transformed the biomedical ecosystem, extending informatics beyond clinical care into domains such as public health, consumer health, translational science, and the broader life sciences. Such expansion has further underscored the importance of the Fundamental Theorem while also elucidating ways it can be expanded to meet current needs. To reassess and extend the Fundamental Theorem for the AI era in a manner that preserves its conceptual strength while broadening its applicability across an evolved and more complex biomedical ecosystem. This Viewpoint synthesizes empirical evidence and sociotechnical theory related to human-AI collaboration, learning health systems (LHS), learning public health systems (LPHS), AI governance, and systems science to contextualize the Fundamental Theorem within such contemporary frameworks. We argue that the unit of analysis of the Fundamental Theorem should shift from individuals and tools to adaptive sociotechnical systems spanning clinical care, public health, translational research, consumer engagement, and life sciences innovation. We propose an expanded theorem: A learning biomedical ecosystem that continuously optimizes human-AI collaboration will outperform humans or AI alone. This evolution builds directly upon Friedman's original theorem, reaffirming its human-centered foundation, while incorporating AI-enabled computation, adaptive learning, and systems-level integration across the modern biomedical enterprise.

Heterogenous catalysts for transesterification from snail, crustacean and mollusc shells

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is highly associated with psychiatric comorbidity. This article investigates the prevalence of mental disorders in PWS, explores their association with neurobiological foundations, and outlines the resulting clinical recommendations. An evaluation of the scientific literature in the context of clinical experience from the special outpatient clinic for mental health in rare syndromic disorders at Hannover Medical School. Psychiatric manifestations are present in 44-89% of PWS patients, with disruptive behavior, skin picking, psychosis, compulsive symptoms, and affective disorders being the most common. PWS psychosis differs from schizophrenic psychosis and can be difficult to treat in some cases. Treatment approaches exist for disruptive behavior, affective symptoms, and compulsive symptoms. Knowledge of the neurobiological basis of PWS is necessary for the adequate treatment of psychiatric disorders. In addition to pharmacological therapies, behavioral interventions and environmental control should also be included.

Science is a self-correcting process, and scientific research aims to improve adequacy, accuracy, and utility. However, improving scientific research is a demanding task, especially when currently some key principles of science are challenged and renegotiated. Key challenges in the current environment include the increasing loss of trust in scientists; the production of most of the published scientific literature in countries without full democracy and/or in countries without fundamental freedoms, e.g., freedom of the press; limited public availability and transparency as most research is funded by non-public sponsors that do not prioritize or even seek publication of results; and rapid developments on the frontier of artificial intelligence where non-human agents can supplement and/or replace human researchers. Concurrently, there have been many proposals on how to improve research. Among a plethora of suggestions and guidance, some may not be useful or may even be harmful, and most lack evidence. Revisiting some key proposals shows mixed track records of failures and successes. Examples are provided from efforts to enhance collaboration, team science, and large studies; replication culture; registration and open science; containment of conflicts of interest; and statistical, computational, and informatics improvements. The optimal stages to improve research (early and/or late in the scientific process) may be debated, and the role, function, and mode of optimal peer review are also under scrutiny. Eventually, science and scientific research are demanding, hard enterprises. Genuine progress requires openness, honesty, and selflessness.

Italian Society of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (SIPMeL) guidelines on the use of autoantibody tests in the diagnosis of autoimmune liver diseases.

This study aimed to systematically map and analyze the scientific literature on the cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments, using bibliometric and science mapping techniques. Eight hundred eighty-one publications indexed in the Web of Science Core Collection between 1980 and 2024 were analyzed. Bibliometric performance indicators, keyword co-occurrence networks, thematic maps, and co-citation analyses were utilized. Data were processed using Bibliometrix, a comprehensive R-based science mapping software. Trends in publication volume, author and journal productivity, influential articles, thematic evolution, and international collaboration patterns were evaluated. There has been a steady increase in publication output over the last four decades, with a significant acceleration after 2010. Thematic mapping revealed that keywords such as "cyclic fatigue," "reciprocation," "heat treatment," and "fracture resistance" have been central to the field. Citation analysis identified key foundational studies frequently referenced in fatigue testing methodology. International research collaborations were most prominent among North American, East Asia, and European institutions. This bibliometric study underscores the clinical importance of innovations in NiTi rotary instrumentation, particularly for enhancing cyclic fatigue resistance. By identifying key research trends and thematic clusters, the study provides valuable guidance for clinicians and researchers aiming to optimize instrument durability, reduce procedural complications, and advance endodontic practice.

Biomedical engineers produce knowledge and artifacts. Across the life cycle of an idea, errors can creep in. In this letter, we propose the term linguistic, orthographic, and typographical errors in science (LOTS) to represent a category of errors that threaten the truthfulness and integrity of scientific literature and engineering projects. They include documented cases of the misuse of generative artificial intelligence (GAI). LOTS consist of four categories: (1) simple spelling errors; (2) the semantic deformation of technical terms, in the form of 'tortured phrases'; (3) letter or symbol-switching; and (4) formatting errors that impact the veracity of knowledge, or distort the precision of scientific representation, such as the absence or overuse of capitalization, the incorrect use or absence of italicization, the failure to deanonymize information, cloned template text, or GAI-generated "hallucinations." We introduce small analyses to assess the incidence of dopamine-ß-hydroxylase, ß-secretase, and ß-adrenoreceptors (erroneous Eszett formats) supposedly representing dopamine-β-hydroxylase (DBH), β-secretase, and β-adrenoreceptors, respectively, in PubMed. We suggest that virtuous biomedical engineers should address LOTS. To improve the screening of LOTS, we argue in favor of a common framework for scholarly text integrity analysis.

Evidence-based nutrition guidance for female athletes remains limited relative to that available for males; in part, this has contributed to widespread reliance on social media for dietary information. Whilst social media can enhance health communication, it also facilitates the rapid dissemination of unverified, commercially driven nutrition claims. This narrative review critically synthesises the current scientific literature underpinning four prevalent claims targeting nutrition close to exercise for active females; (1) fasted training is harmful for all females, (2) menstrual cycle-related hormonal fluctuations require sex-specific hydration strategies, (3) carbohydrate differences by sex and menstrual cycle phase, and (4) precise protein timing is essential for optimal adaptation in females. Despite social media and 'influencer' claims of no evidence in humans for many of the claims, there is some, albeit limited, evidence. This review evaluates the available research and the evidence supporting these claims to provide practical advice for active females. Collectively, this review demonstrates that many widely circulated nutrition claims directed at active females lack robust scientific support. The findings emphasise the importance of individual context, including training load, energy availability, environmental conditions and total dietary intake, over rigid, sex-specific nutrition rules. Improved translation of female-specific sports nutrition research into accurate, accessible public messaging is urgently needed to counter persistent misinformation in digital media.

This study bibliometrically analyzes the evolution and structure of scientific literature on university-level business creation courses. Using the Web of Science database, 5208 articles from 1965 to 2024 were examined to identify trends, thematic clusters, and pedagogical methodologies. Results reveal exponential growth in publications post-2000, driven by competency-based education and active methodologies such as design thinking and experiential learning. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy, resilience, and the entrepreneurial mindset emerge as prominent themes, reflecting a shift from business-centered to pedagogically oriented approaches emphasizing transformative learning and sustainability. The field demonstrates increasing internationalization, albeit with geographical concentration. This study offers targeted insights for curriculum redesign, teacher training, and developing transformative entrepreneurship education programs, advocating for coherent content and method integration. • Exponential growth in publications on business creation courses post-2000. • Focus shifted from firms to pedagogy, mindset, and self-efficacy. • Research evolved from business concepts to learning and sustainability. • International growth led by China, USA, and Europe, with regional gaps. • Findings inform curricula, teacher training, and ethical entrepreneurship.

Laterality is defined as asymmetries in function or structure in seemingly bilateral structures. In parrots, it can be expressed for various behaviors, for example, the preference for using the monocular visual field of a specific eye or a specific foot for feeding, also known as footedness. The aim of this study was to check for laterality in three Psittacine species and examine its relationship with aspects of their temperament and sociability. We analyzed birds of the following species: Psittacara leucophtalmus (n=15) , Primolius maraca (n=12) , Pionius maximiliani (n=23) . To evaluate laterality, we used the following indicators: footedness, unipedal support while resting, and eye preferences through the monocular visual field during the tests of pebble and seed, novel object, and reaction to person. The pebble and seed test evaluate cognitive capacities and foraging skills of birds by encouraging them to discriminate seeds and pebbles of similar size and color. The temperament was evaluated according to the birds’ individual responses to novel objects and reaction to person tests. Laterality indexes (LI) were calculated based on the frequency of use of each foot and eye, using the equation LI= (L-R)/(L+R), where L represent the left side use and R represents the right. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the relationships between laterality and the behavioral aspects investigated (temperament and social behavior). The results indicated the presence of laterality in the three bird species, highlighting the right eye preference and no predominant direction was found for footedness and unipedal support. Significant correlations between eye preference and the four temperament dimensions (activity, boldness, anxiety and proximity to humans) were found. Higher activity was related to greater ocular LI and LI in the pebble and seed test towards the right. Bolder and more anxious birds had lower LI in the human reaction test, thus right eye preferences. Avoidance to humans was related to lower LI in the novel object test, therefore, right eye preferences. No significant correlations were found between laterality and positive or negative social interactions. Our study contributes to the scientific literature by identifying laterality in neotropical species, a topic for which data remain limited. Additionally, it is the first study to demonstrate a relationship between temperament and laterality in psittacids, which could be explained by underlying connections between emotionality and cognition, as observed in other animal species. These hypotheses warrant further investigation in future research. • Laterality and its connections with temperament were investigated in Neotropical • Psittacids. • Laterality was assessed by analyzing foot and eye preferences and unipedal support. • Temperament dimensions were activity, boldness, anxiety, neophilia, and human proximity. • Right eye preference was related to boldness, anxiety, and avoidance to humans. • Laterality can guide more individualized welfare strategies for captive animals.

ObjectiveThis review systematizes knowledge about the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in neurobiological research of mental disorders and assesses its potential in identifying their causes.MethodsA qualitative synthesis of scientific literature from the Scopus and Web of Science databases for 2020-2024 was conducted. A total of 50 sources were identified, including papers describing the use of AI in the analysis of neuroimaging, biomarkers, cognitive impairment, and genetics data. A thematic encoding was used to analyze methods, accuracy, and limitations.ResultsMachine learning algorithms have accelerated the processing of large amounts of data, including magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalogram, and genomic profiles, which has revealed new biomarkers and neural patterns associated with depression and schizophrenia. However, AI technologies face several limitations: low specificity, high computational complexity, and problems with reproducibility of results.ConclusionsThe integration of AI with neuroscience has significantly advanced the understanding of the etiology of mental disorders, revealing the complex relationships between genetic, neural, and behavioral factors. The practical significance of the research lies in the potential of AI to create personalized approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders. This can improve the quality of life of patients and reduce the burden on healthcare systems.

SRS: A recommendation system for scientific publication

As key components of terrestrial ecosystems, fungi play vital roles in ecological processes and functions, and are associated with innumerable plant, vertebrate, and arthropod taxa. Among arthropod taxa, aphids (Hemiptera) are commonly found in both natural and agricultural ecosystems, where some species cause substantial crop damage. Here, we provide a novel and unique dataset, AphidFunga, compiling associations between fungi and aphids extracted from 412 scientific publications, spanning 167 years and covering 85 countries. Fungal and aphid taxonomies were revised to recent nomenclature, whereas association types were updated based on current knowledge. The AphidFunga database currently contains 2993 aphid-fungal association records, linking 365 aphid host taxa (species or genera) with 149 fungal taxa, 95% of which are entomopathogenic. The database is available in three formats: a combined comma-separated data table, a set of R data frames, and a MySQL relational database. The AphidFunga database lays the foundation for further research on fungus-mediated ecosystem processes and functions, and supports conservation science, policy development, and applications in crop protection and environmental management.