Scientific Heritage Research Articles

Spatio-temporal monitoring of the microsurface modification in artworks under environmental forcing

Despite the valuable role of surface metrology in engineering, its potential in heritage science remains to be fully recognized. The reasons for this are evident: A hand-made artwork is a complex object with a hand-processed surface and non-homogeneous micro-geometry, subjected to different external stimuli. This study analyses the surface topography of artworks under environmental forcing and proposes a method for the spatio-temporal monitoring of its modification at the micrometer scale, using surface metrology parameters and multiscale techniques. It extends beyond the use of single roughness parameters, with a particular focus on the computation of the power spectral density function of the surface height dataset for estimating the contribution of the different spatial wavelengths to the acquired surface texture signal. As a proof of concept for the practical application of the spectral-based technique, we present two exemplary case studies that evaluate the effect of climate-induced variations on the surface of the artwork. The underlying hypothesis is that the dynamic interplay between scales in climate creates a dynamic interplay at the local scale, with cumulative effects on objects. The first case study focuses on the modifications induced by long-term artificial microclimate variations on bronze mock-ups. The second case study investigates the microclimate shock induced on an ancient parchment from the early eleventh century. This parchment was moved from the vault to the (unclimatized) consultation room in the Capitolare Library in Verona, which is the oldest still active library in the world.

Architectural and astronomical heritage of Iran: a study of Chogha Zanbil and Radkan Tower

Abstract This study examines the architectural and astronomical significance of Chogha Zanbil Ziggurat and Radkan Tower, emphasizing their cultural, scientific, and engineering contributions. Built in distinct historical periods, these monuments demonstrate the evolution of ancient Iranian timekeeping and astronomical practices, transitioning from shadow-based solar observations to advanced solar tracking techniques. Chogha Zanbil (circa 1250 BC) functioned as both a ceremonial center and a rudimentary solar observatory, while Radkan Tower (660 AH/1262AD), attributed to Khwaja Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, was designed as a precise calendrical tool, aligned with cardinal directions and the Vernal Equinox. Using descriptive, interpretive, and comparative analyses, this study explores how celestial knowledge was embedded within architectural heritage, reinforcing these monuments' relevance in sustainable heritage conservation and cultural memory. The comparative analysis situates Chogha Zanbil and Radkan Tower within a broader scientific and architectural discourse, illustrating their contributions to global astronomical knowledge and engineering advancements. Additionally, this research aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11: Sustainable Cities and Communities, advocating for the preservation of historic observatories as vital components of cultural and scientific heritage.

The Reconstruction of Mirzo Ulugbek Madrasa Minaret

Attention to Islamic architectural monuments built and rebuilt in Turkestan in the early XIX–XX centuries is increasing. Along with the demolition of mosques, madrassahs, tombs, and tombs in the territory of Turkestan at that time, the issue of their preservation was on the agenda. Study, the transfer to the next generations of the scientific and spiritual heritage related to the Islamic religion and its influence on the formation of the architectural culture inherent in the way of life, customs and traditions of the peoples of the world for millennia, is one of the most urgent tasks of today. In this article highlights of the reconstruction of the historical heritage Mirzo Ulugbek madrasa minaret and it’s historical root in the country.

Integrated Chemical Mapping and analytical Pyrolysis for Tracking the Evolution of Street Art Material.

The chemical investigation of modern art materials and synthetic paint materials has been a major focus of research in cultural heritage science over the past decade. Since the 1970s, street art has become an influential cultural movement with significant artistic and social impact in modern cities, and the conservation of relevant artworks related to urban neo-muralism has been increasingly recognized. Understanding these materials is critical to developing conservation strategies, as their composition continues to change with industrial innovation and regulatory changes. This study presents the application of an analytical approach that integrates chemical mapping based on spectroscopic approaches together with analytical pyrolysis, chromatography and mass spectrometry to investigate two key case studies and provide insights into the evolution of street art materials over the past 30 years. This comprehensive approach provides a deeper understanding of the composition and transformation of urban art materials over time, overcoming the limitations of individual methods and revealing both organic and inorganic materials. This combined approach represents the state of the art in the study of synthetic paints used in modern art and provides new insights into the evolution of the formulation of materials used by street artists.

Germany in pharmacology publishing: 192 articles with 1367 citations in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives vs. 16,775 articles with 274,225 citations elsewhere.

Germany has played a central role in the development of Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology (NSAP), historically leading its publication output for nearly 150years. However, recent bibliometric analysis of 25,935 articles revealed a dramatic decline in German contributions, with the country falling to fifth place between 2021 and 2025. To understand this shift, we conducted a comprehensive bibliometric study of 28,149 pharmacology- and toxicology-related publications from German institutions indexed in Scopus between 2019 and 2024. Our findings indicate a strong trend toward publishing in high-impact journals: 61% of the publications appeared in Q1 journals and 28% in Q2. Although NSAP ranked 28th in publication volume, the vast majority of German research-over 16,700 articles-was disseminated through other venues, many with significantly higher citation metrics. These shifts highlight the growing influence of bibliometric indicators on publication behavior. While such trends reflect global academic pressures, they also prompt a critical reflection on the value of legacy journals. We advocate for renewed institutional support and national awareness to maintain NSAP as a respected platform for pharmacological research, balancing impact metrics with scientific heritage.

Integrating Local Wisdom into Environmental Education: A Systematic Review of Ethnoscience Research in Indonesia

The erosion of environmental awareness and the diminishing recognition of traditional knowledge present significant challenges for contemporary education, particularly in Indonesia. This literature review examines the integration of ethnoscience into science education as a strategic response to these issues. Studies conducted between 2020 and 2025 reveal a growing emphasis on embedding local wisdom—such as indigenous agricultural practices and cultural rituals—into science curricula to enhance environmental consciousness and promote sustainable behaviors. A majority of the research focused on students, with senior high school (40%) and junior high school (26.7%) populations being the primary targets. Notably, research output surged in 2024, reflecting increasing academic interest. Ethnoscience-based instructional materials, including e-modules and interactive books, were widely implemented and demonstrated effectiveness in facilitating conceptual understanding while nurturing cultural appreciation. These tools were well-received by both educators and learners. Geographically, the studies spanned diverse regions, including Papua, Surabaya, and Ponorogo, underscoring the broad applicability of ethnoscience in Indonesian education. Although fewer studies concentrated on teachers, findings suggest that incorporating traditional knowledge into science education fosters cultural preservation, environmental stewardship, and sustainable development. This approach not only enriches the curriculum but also provides learners with a meaningful, context-driven educational experience rooted in both scientific inquiry and cultural heritage..Keywords: ethnoscience, environmental education, indonesia, systematic literature review, science learning

ABUL-FATH BURHAN AL-DIN NASIR AL-MUTARRIZI – A PROMINENT REPRESENTATIVE OF THE MEDIEVAL EASTERN SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE

This article analyzes the life, scientific activities, and contributions of the 12th-century scholar al-Mutarrizi to Arabic linguistics. Special attention is given to the significance of his work "al-Mughrib fi Tartib al-Mu‘rib" and its place in the scientific heritage. For the first time, al-Mutarrizi’s works are thoroughly examined based on various historical sources and modern research. The study reveals that al-Mutarrizi’s scholarly legacy had a significant impact on the development of Arabic grammar. In conclusion, it is emphasized that studying al-Mutarrizi’s scientific heritage is crucial for a deeper understanding of the Arabic linguistic traditions of the 11th-12th centuries in the Mawarannahr region.

PRINCIPLES OF COMPILING A SCIENTIFIC-CRITICAL TEXT OF THE WORK OF MAJDUDDIN AL-USTRUSHANI

More than 30 jurists emerged from Ustrushana, one of the prestigious scientific and cultural centers formed during the First Renaissance, one of whom was Majduddin Muhammad ibn Mahmud Ustrushani. This article is about Majduddin Ustrushani and his scientific heritage. Full information is also given on the principles of creating a scientific-critical text of the work of the jurist “al-Asil wa-l-aywiba”.

ABDULKAHIR JURJONI'S PLACE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BALAGAT SCIENCEIN

The study of the science of balagat is the main factor in the study of our scientific heritage. Therefore, the work of Abdulkahir Jurjoni "Asroru-l-baloga" is of great importance. This article is written based on the study of the life and scientific work of Abdulkahir Jurjoni and the study of his work "Asroru-l-baloga”.

THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF CLASSICAL TEXTS

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the linguistic and stylistic features of classical Arabic texts. It highlights the grammatical and lexical elements within the texts and their relevance to contemporary Arabic language education. Classical texts play a significant role in preserving the purity of the Arabic language and serve as an essential resource for linguistic research. The article also examines the cultural and scientific heritage of these classical texts within the Arab world and their influence on modern research. It discusses how the use of these texts in research contributes to the ongoing development of modern science and knowledge.

THE WORK OF MUQADDAMATU-L-ADAB IN THE VIEW OF GLOBAL HISTORICAL SCHOLARSHIPS

This article discusses the issues of Arabic grammar, in particular, the emergence and formation of Arabic lexicography. Also, within the scope of the article, issues that have attracted the attention of scholars in the field of Oriental studies around the world, as well as the scientific heritage of Mahmud Zamakhshari, who laid the foundation for one of the main directions in the formation of Arabic lexicography, are studied with great interest and enthusiasm.

MAHMUD ZAMAKHSHARI'S WORKS AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION

This article provides information on the scientific heritage of the famous Khorezm linguist, lexicographer, literary critic, historian, geographer and commentator Mahmud Zamakhshari, in particular, about 90 of his works on historical geography, literature, linguistics, lexicography, religion, law, and ethics. The article also discusses the initial information about the scientific heritage of Mahmud Zamakhshari.

ARAB MEDIA STUDIES AND PHILOLOGY: HISTORY AND MODERNITY

This article examines the theoretical and modern characteristics of Arabic media in Uzbekistan. In the context of the scientific heritage of Arabic studies, it analyzes the modern influence of Arab media on Uzbek society, focusing on the linguistic aspects developed by Marghinani, Abu Bakr Siddiq (may Allah be pleased with him), as well as key elements of modern media in Uzbekistan. This research discusses the factors that influence the formation of linguistic style and methods of expression, highlighting the importance of these in the context of modern media.

WORKS CARRIED OUT AT THE IMAM BUKHARI INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH CENTER ON THE TRANSLATION OF MANUSCRIPTS

Currently, large-scale reforms are being implemented in the religious and educational sphere, along with all spheres. In this regard, the work carried out by newly established international research centers in our country is becoming important. One of these scientific centers, the Imam Bukhari International Scientific and Research Center, has so far translated many Arabic manuscripts written by our scholars into Uzbek. This is of great importance in conveying the scientific heritage of scholars from the territory of our country to our people. This article discusses the translation work carried out by the Imam Bukhari International Research Center and its results.

Scientific heritage of L.V. Khramkov (research digest)

The article is devoted to the analysis of the scientific heritage of the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor Lenar Vasilyevich Khramkov, who is one of the leading scientists in Russia in the field of research into the history of the Great Patriotic War and the history of the Volga region. Еxamines the main areas of scientific activity of L.V. Khramkov. Based on the materials of the personal fund, his scientific works and published research on the life of the scientist, the authors substantiate the vastness and versatility of L.V. Khramkov's scientific interests. It is noted that his research interest since his student years was directed towards the agrarian policy of local Soviets. Nevertheless, the main direction of L.V. Khramkov's scientific life is the theme of the Great Patriotic War, which resulted in the publication of solid scientific monographs and articles. A separate page in the scientific life of L.V. Khramkov is his passion for the history of his native land. His works in this area have become classics of Samara local history. In-depth research was conducted not only on the history of the Volga region, but also Bulgaria and Russian-Bulgarian relations. The key role in the works of L.V. Khramkov is given to the destinies of people. His legacy includes a whole cycle of biographical works on leaders, public figures and home front workers. The famous Russian historian and local historian L.V. Khramkov is the author of more than 300 scientific works, which has become a significant contribution to historical science

Felix Vicq-d'Azyr – Physician, Scientist, Reformer

Felix Vicq-d'Azyr (1748-1794) – an encyclopedic scientist of the Enlightenment, a medical practitioner, anatomist, and social reformer, who lived a short, selfless life that ended during the firestorm of the French Revolution. He is one of the founders of comparative anatomy and the discoverer of the phenomenon of homology. Vicq-d'Azyr is known for his contributions to the study of the brain anatomy; some structures of the brain are named after him. Vicq-d'Azyr made an invaluable contribution to the fight against cattle epizootics and to the principles of maintaining sanitary and hygienic standards in high-density residential areas. He was one of the founders of the Royal Society of Medicine of France, as well as the author and co-author of significant medical publications in general therapeutic and surgical areas. His research studies on pathological anatomy, the history of medicine, and ideas for educational reforms are also noteworthy. Although Vicq-d’Azyr lived only 46 years, he left behind an extensive theoretical and practical scientific heritage.

Panorama das Abordagens de Integração de Dados

In a context marked by the growing complexity of information management, characterized by system diversity and interoperability demands, this article presents an overview of data integration approaches in Brazilian scientific production in Information Science, suggesting a categorization of these strategies. This article aims to map and analyze data integration approaches in Brazilian scientific production in Information Science, proposing a categorization of these approaches. The methodology is applied and exploratory, based on bibliographic research, with analysis of 33 articles selected from the Reference Database of Journal Articles in Information Science (Brapci). The results reveal three main categories: Integration of Systems and Technologies, Semantic and Ontological Integration, and Integration of Heterogeneous Data and Information. The first category highlights technical interoperability and metadata standardization, especially in digital libraries. The second focuses on the use of ontologies and Semantic Web technologies to overcome semantic barriers. The third addresses strategies for dealing with data heterogeneity in specific contexts, such as scientific research and cultural heritage. It is concluded that Brazilian scientific production has evolved from a technical approach to a more semantic and contextualized perspective, aiming to overcome challenges such as technological heterogeneity, data fragmentation, and standardization complexity.

Professor Vladimir Alexandrovich Glazov (To the 125th anniversary of his birth)

The article examines the life path, scientific and organizational activities of Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Vladimir Aleksandrovich Glazov based on the archival materials introduced for the first time. The authors analyze the scarce biographical data of the beginning of medical activity during the Civil War, when he worked as a lekpom in the XI Red Army. The stages of the formation of a scientist at the North Caucasian Medical Institute are being reconstructed. Much attention is paid to the research of the scientist in the 1930s, carried out in Leningrad Psychiatric Hospital Skvortsova-Stepanova, as the scientific views of V.A. Glazov, which are reflected in his candidate and doctoral dissertations on catatonia. The authors refer to the unpublished data of the scientist’s Ph.D. thesis, which were highly appreciated by the scientific community. The history of the creation of the Department of Psychiatry in the Dagestan State Medical Institute in the 1930s is reconstructed referring to archival materials. Shortcomings in the work and the difficulties that the first employees had to face were noted.A separate place is occupied by the work of Professor V.A. Glazov during the Great Patriotic War, when, in addition to scientific research, he led the provision of psychiatric care to combatants in Dagestan. A brief description of the studies carried out during this period is given. Much attention is paid to the post-war, both scientific and educational work of the Department of Psychiatry, headed by V.A. Glazov. A large layer in the scientific heritage of Professor V.A. Glazov and his students is the study of schizophrenia. The views of the scientist on the clinic and pathogenesis of schizophrenia, which are reflected in his monograph, are analyzed.

Archives in University Science Museums: Proposals for Their Museological Transformation

University museums represent a significant area of museological inquiry, increasingly attracting attention due to their unique institutional contexts. This paper explores their archival dimensions with the aim of proposing a perspective on the documentary heritage of university science museums in Chile. We examine this phenomenon from both theoretical and practical angles, drawing on findings from a study of archival practices within museums linked to university scientific heritage. The study reveals that these institutions are often locally situated and approached in diverse ways by the various museum organizations. The archives within these university museums hold substantial potential for constructing institutional memory, enhancing material collections, and enriching exhibitions and activities. They also offer insight into the scientific and institutional history of our country. Moreover, this perspective allows us to view the archive not merely as a product or reflection of museum activities but as a dynamic space for museological transformation.

History of the Alans and feudalism in Alania-Ossetia in the scientific heritage of B.V. Skitsky

The article analyzes the scientific heritage of Boris Vasilyevich Skitsky, one of the founders of the Soviet historical school of Caucasian and Ossetian studies, who made a great contribution to the development of the problems of the history of the North Caucasian peoples. The appeal to the works of Skitsky on the history of ancient and medieval Alania-Ossetia is dictated by modern tasks of active mobilization of knowledge and experience of past generations of researchers. Skitsky’s research on the history of the Alans in their inextricable connection with the ethnogenesis of the Ossetians and the development of statehood, feudalism in Alania and Ossetia have not yet become the subject of special study. The purpose of this article is to establish their relevance. Using problem-chronological and retrospective methods, the author’s concept of the history of medieval Ossetia and the evolution of the scientist’s views in assessing the stages of the history of the Alan-Ossetian society are analyzed. It is concluded that, despite obvious compromises with political reality, Skitsky strengthened the position of historians-Caucasians in the general scientific field of humanitarians of a multinational country. His works on the socio-political and economic history of the peoples of the North Caucasus have not lost their scientific significance to this day, and his works on the history of medieval Alania-Ossetia deserve the professional attention of researchers. The controversial content of many aspects of the history of the Alans, the formation and development of the Alan statehood, feudal relations in Ossetia, their modern scientific formulation leads to a discussion of the current tasks of ensuring the political and cultural integrity of Ossetia-Alania. The analysis of Skitsky’s scientific works evokes, in particular, reflections on the historical functions of the social elite not only in ancient and medieval, but also in modern Ossetia.