Elsevier Research Articles

A META ANALYSIS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STROKE AND ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: THERAPEUTIC AND PROGNOSTIC IMPLICATIONS.

Several population-based studies have highlighted the association between stroke and dementia. Alzheimer's disease (AD) related dementia and vascular dementia are the most common causes of dementia, with clearer pathophysiological mechanisms for the latter. Given the ongoing debate surrounding the link between stroke and Alzheimer's disease, to determine their relationship and the possible influence of some moderators (sex, age, and region), a systematic meta-analysis was performed. We searched five databases (ISI Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Elsevier Science Direct, and Google Scholar) with no initial publication date restriction, with the last search conducted in 2022. We included longitudinal population-based studies assessing the stroke-AD association, selecting those with reported effect sizes, standardized AD diagnosis, and an AMSTAR score ≥9. Case reports, reviews, animal studies, and non-English publications were excluded. The meta-analysis, conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 3.1, presented pooled log odds ratios (LogOR) with 95% confidence intervals, heterogeneity analysis (Cochran's Q, I²), and moderator analyses by age, gender, and region. The meta-analysis included three meta-analyses and twelve primary studies, comprising a total of 14,207 stroke cases and 1,952 AD cases. Our analysis found a significant association between ischemic stroke (IS), hemorrhagic stroke (HS), and microinfarcts (MI) with the risk of AD. Despite some heterogeneity across studies, no significant differences were observed in the stroke-AD association based on age, sex, or region. Our study describes the risk of AD in patients with episodes of stroke (IS, HS and MI), and suggests that the risk of AD may be higher in patients that suffer stroke when compared to matched controls without incidence of stroke. Moreover, moderator analysis supports the robustness of our results. The link between stroke and Alzheimer's suggests that stroke may speed up cognitive decline. This calls for tighter vascular control and points to a worse prognosis in dementia progression.

The Embodiment of the Ideas of Russian Cosmism in the Ergodesign of the Life Environment

Aim. To comprehend the embodiment of the ideas of Russian cosmism in the ergo-design of the environment of life.Methodology. The author drew the main initial scientific knowledge from the research of the Bryansk Scientific and Philosophical School of Socio-technological Development of the world, using interdisciplinary, systemic, socio-technological, historical and ergo-centric approaches, as well as general scientific methods.Results. The analysis showed that Russian cosmism, which is a unique philosophical trend focused on the integration of human with space and nature, had a significant impact on the formation of a new scientific direction in the design of the living environment – ergo-design. Today, ergo-design is an approach that seeks to harmonize human interaction with other elements of the system through the creation of comfortable and safe living conditions. The main goal of ergo-design, based on the ideas of Russian cosmism, is to create ergonomic, ecologically balanced living spaces at the global, national and local levels, which, in turn, contributes to the harmonization of social and natural processes. However, in the context of global challenges, a reconsideration of the ergo-design methodology is required. Its vector should shift towards the design of not just ecologically balanced spaces, but a biosphereoriented object-spatial environment of vital activity, which is based on nature-like systems, products and technologies. Only such transformation of ergo-design can lead to the harmonization of society, the technosphere and the biosphere. The article explores the systemic principles of ergo-design, reveals its importance for modern design and examines its cultural and philosophical aspects, as well as the features that make ergo-design an important tool for harmonizing living conditions in a complex sociotechnological world.Research implications. The article provides a formation of a socio-philosophical approach to understanding the role of Russian cosmism in the ergo-design of harmonious subject-spatial socio-technological and natural environments of life.

Use of Terms “Ecophilosophy” / “Ecosophy” in the Works of English-Speaking Authors

Aim. To analyze the specifics of the use of the term “ecophilosophy / ecosophy” in modern Englishlanguage philosophical discourse.Methodology. The key research method was content analysis. The content of the works of Matthew Hrulew (Australia), Alan Drengson (Canada), Nancy Huffman Shea, Elizabeth Satoris, Gary Snyder and John Griffin (USA) was analyzed.Results. According to the results of the study, the thesis is put forward that eco-philosophy, including in the English-speaking research space, comes to the level of not just one of the scientific directions, but gets the status of a certain type of conceptual and attitudinal space.Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the methodological basis of such an actively developing direction of philosophical thought as ecophilosophy. New material on the topic under study is introduced into the Russian-speaking scientific turnover.

The role of comprehensive physical exercises in the prevention and correction of postural disorders in adolescence.

The article analyzes the main factors influencing posture disorders in teenagers. The effectiveness of physical activity methods aimed at improving the spine and strengthening the muscular corset is considered. Usually teenagers with posture problems visit modern fitness centers that develop new methods, including for posture correction, and position their services as rehabilitation. However, the number of methods with a serious scientific basis is limited, there is a need for their development. A complex technique for correcting posture in teenagers is proposed. The main components of the complex technique are: strengthening of the muscle corset, postisometric relaxation, decompression effect, health massage, stimulation of neuromuscular coordination, formation of the habit of correct posture. Thus, there is an urgent need to modernize rehabilitation programs and introduce innovative methods of physical rehabilitation that take into account the individual needs of teenagers with posture disorders. This will contribute to their harmonious development and ensure an active and healthy lifestyle. In order to increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures, it is important to create and implement a scientifically based comprehensive program of health-related exercises using special equipment. This will make it possible to strengthen the physical health of adolescents, reduce the risk of complications and significantly improve the quality of life. The study and development of such methods is an actual and promising direction of science.

Potential clinical benefits of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics for depression via the microbiota-gut-brain axis

BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide. Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions, such as probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and postbiotics (PPSP), on depression. AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder. METHODS A literature search of the PubMed, Web of Science, and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed. Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and evaluated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included. Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale. Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4 (The Cochrane Collaboration, 2020). RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included. PPSP improved depression compared with placebo [SMD: -0.39 (95%CI: -0.60 to -0.17); P < 0.001]. PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [MD: -1.72 (95%CI: -2.57 to -0.88); P < 0.001] and Beck Depression Inventory [MD: -2.69 (95%CI: -4.67 to -0.71); P < 0.001] scores. Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms [SMD: -0.32 (95%CI: -0.48 to -0.16); P < 0.001], with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect [SMD: -0.08 (95%CI: -0.39 to -0.23); P = 0.62], and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits [SMD: -1.09 (95%CI: -1.45 to -0.73); P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms, and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics. Nevertheless, evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.

Tū Wairua: Development of an Indigenous Rongoā Māori approach to healing with psilocybin containing mushrooms

AbstractPsilocybin, a naturally occurring psychedelic compound found in certain fungi has long been used by Indigenous cultures within ritual and ceremony for healing and spiritual purposes (Spiers et al., 2024). While emerging evidence points to psychedelic agents being novel avenues for the treatment of substance use disorders, the predominantly Western medical models of psychedelic-assisted therapy (PAT) being developed lack Indigenous wisdom and input, raising concerns about cultural safety, efficacy, ownership, and continuing colonial dynamics. In Aotearoa (New Zealand), the enduring impacts of colonisation on Māori include the suppression of Indigenous wisdom, even as research affirming the knowledge and practice of traditional Māori healing is on the rise.The Tū Wairua project will explore the integration of rongoā Māori (traditional Māori healing practices) with PAT for addressing problematic methamphetamine use (PMU) in Māori communities. This Māori-led project is driven by Kaupapa Māori methodology, rongoā Māori conceptualisations of health and informed by biomedical psychedelic science. Based at Rangiwaho Marae in Te Tairāwhiti (Gisborne), a community with a high Māori population and a significant burden of PMU, the project aims to develop a decolonised culturally-appropriate approach to PAT to explore the efficacy of psilocybin in treating PMU.This research represents a shift toward health interventions that respect and extend Indigenous wisdom, addressing the unique needs of Māori communities. It also seeks to develop a skilled Māori workforce to continue these healing practices, and challenge current legislation that restricts the use of Indigenous psychedelic medicines. In creating sustainable pathways for collective healing through a community-driven, culturally-resonant PAT, Tū Wairua charts new directions in Indigenous-led psychedelic science.

Scientometric Analysis as a Tool for Identifying Scientific Trends in the Region

The article is devoted to the identification of promising scientific subject areas of the region on the basis of structural analysis of statistical information at the regional, national and worldwide levels. Such an approach will help to determine the trends formed in the national science and in the world scientific community. The study is based on scientometric analysis in the context of subject areas, including the assessment of the dynamics and quality of publications. The article uses data from international and national databases to carry out scientometric analysis of scientific subject areas of the Republic of Tatarstan using the tools of cluster analysis, matrix modeling, dynamic and structural analysis of statistical information. The peculiarity of the approach is the collection and processing of information at the level of individual subjects of the Russian Federation on the basis of systematization of statistics on particular scientific and educational institutions represented in statistical databases, as well as comparison of subject areas of international and domestic classifiers (All-Russian Classifier of Specialties in Higher Education and eLibrary subject rubricator, detailed by the State Rubricator of Scientific and Technical Information). The analysis allowed to identify the scientific directions growing in the global arena and localized in the republic, which can form a pool of promising demanded scientific directions, among them: biotechnology (neurotechnology); immunology and microbiology; agriculture and forestry and biology; other sectors of the economy (interdisciplinary directions); literature, literary studies, oral folk art; religion, atheism; economic directions development of which depends on a number of factors (formed scientific policy, support programs of the region). In addition, the importance of attention to the scientific areas that are declining in activity on the regional level but growing in the country and the world (physics; electrical engineering (engineering technologies); materials science, etc.) is outlined.

Виктор Кузьмич Курьянов: к 90-летию со дня рождения

In 2024, Viktor Kuzmich Kuryanov, an outstanding scientist, Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor, Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, turns 90. Viktor Kuzmich Kuryanov was born on December 7, 1934 in the village of Panino, Voronezh region, into a family of workers. Even as a child, helping his parents, Viktor Kuzmich acquired such qualities as hard work, responsibility, and determination, which allowed him to further over-come obstacles in his life and move forward towards his goals. Viktor Kuzmich was distinguished by high erudition, observation, and efficiency. The talent of a scientist and teacher allowed him to form a scientific direction and create a serious scientific school. At the same time, Viktor Kuzmich was kind, sensitive and attentive to his colleagues, students, and students, but also principled. All colleagues and students of Viktor Kuzmich recognize his excellent organizational skills and high professionalism. Viktor Kuzmich Kuryanov devoted his entire career to the Voronezh Forestry Institute, the Voronezh State Forestry Academy, the Faculty of Forestry Engineering, where he proved himself a talented scien-tist, teacher and leader. He held various teaching and administrative positions. In 1972, V.K. Kuryanov was appointed Vice-rector for Academic Affairs of the Voronezh Forestry Institute, in this position he worked for 10 years for the ben-efit of his native university, for 24 years he was dean of the Faculty of Forestry Engineering, in the period from 1993 to 2011 he headed the Department of Forest Transport and Engineering Geodesy. Viktor Kuzmich Kuryanov passed away on June 16, 2011.

False memories as a function of language proficiency: Differences between semantic and phonological processing.

Recent studies using verbal list-learning tasks have examined how language proficiency affects intrusion rates using semantic/associative lists. Typically, false memories decrease as language proficiency decreases; a finding consistent with fuzzy trace theory (gist extraction is less effective when items are less familiar; Brainerd & Reyna, Current Directions in Psychological Science, 11, 164-169, 2002) and with the activation/monitoring framework (semantic networks are less developed; Roediger et al., 2001). Native and non-native speakers (high and low proficiency, determined based on subjective and objective measures) studied phonological, semantic, and hybrid (half semantic, half phonological) lists to determine whether language proficiency affects errors across different types of associates. False recall was observed in all three proficiency groups; however, the patterns of errors differed. High proficiency and native speakers did not differ from one another: Both groups made the most errors with hybrid lists and similar error rates with semantic and phonological lists. In contrast, low proficiency speakers made significantly fewer semantic than hybrid and phonological errors. All groups showed a strong hyper-additive effect for Hybrid lists. Less proficient speakers might rely less on semantic than phonological information compared to more proficient speakers. The present work indicates that language proficiency modulates false memory broadly. (192 words).

Structural and functional features of brain glymphatic system: modern view

Relevance. The research in the field of neuroscience confidently leads. Due to the general trends of population aging in developed countries, combined with the prolongation of active social life of people, delayed termination of professional activity, the study of the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is of particular relevance. For a long time it was believed that the brain lacks a network of lymphatic capillaries and metabolic products from the interstitial fluid of the brain parenchyma are drained into the ventricular system filled with cerebrospinal fluid. However, the discovery of a special glymphatic system of the brain [Jeffrey J. Iliff, Minghuan Wang, Yonghong Liao, Benjamin A. Plogg, Weiguo Peng, et. al.. (2012). A Paravascular Pathway Facilitates CSF Flow Through the Brain Parenchyma and the Clearance of Interstitial Solutes, Including Amyloid β. Sci. Transl. Med.. [1], allowed both neuroanatomy and clinical neuroscience to make significant progress towards understanding the nature of pathologies associated with a violation of the process of clearing the brain from metabolites. Goal. The review reflects the main scientific directions in the study of the functional morphology of the glymphatic system in the normal condition. Material and methods. The analysis of scientific literature in Russian and English in Internet databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, CyberLeninka) was carried out. Results. It has been revealed that research interest in the functional morphology of the glymphatic system is steadily growing. The article describes in detail two theories of liquor outflow based on a critical analysis of domestic and foreign literature. According to scientific data, the normal function of the glymphatic system depends on heart rate, intracranial, pulse and blood pressure levels, as well as the respiratory cycle. Moreover, the quality of sleep, the position of the head during sleep and toxic substances consumed by humans have a direct impact on the functioning of the glymphatic system. Conclusions. Further studies of the morphofunctional features of the glymphatic system in normal conditions can make significant changes in the fundamental concepts of the pathogenesis of diseases, methods of their treatment and prevention.

İNTİHAR (SUİSİD) ANLAYIŞI VƏ ONUN MAHİYYƏTİNİN PSİXOLOJİ TƏHLİLİ

The article provides information about the origin of the concept of "suicide" and comments on the definitions given to it by various researchers. The ideas of some representatives of psychological, so-ciological and philosophical scientific directions regarding suicide are analyzed and its essence is revealed. The essence of suicidal behavior is explained, on the one hand, within the framework of biological, psycho¬logical, psychopathological and sociological approaches, and on the other hand, within the framework of medical, sociocultural and ecological models. It is emphasized that the approach to appropriate actions as a decision-making process based on the 7-step model of suicide prevention can pave the way for future solu¬tions to the problem.

Management and Prevention of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Radiocontrast Media: A Consensus Statement from the American College of Radiology and the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.

Intravenous iodinated contrast media (ICM) is widely used in the United States, and it is imperative to provide guidance on the management of adverse reactions to ICM as well as the preparation, planning, and potential premedication for patients with previous reactions. Currently there is a discordance between the American College of Radiology Contrast Manual, which recommends premedication to prevent repeat hypersensitivity reactions to ICM, and the Anaphylaxis 2020 Practice Parameters Update, which recommends against routine administration of glucocorticoids and/or antihistamines to prevent anaphylaxis with prior ICM hypersensitivity reactions. A task force of experts from radiology who are also members of the American College of Radiology Committee on Drugs and Contrast Media and expert allergists/immunologists including members of the Adverse Reactions to Drugs, Biologics and Latex Committee of American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology evaluated the scientific evidence to develop consensus recommendations that are endorsed by both organizations. The task force took into account the strength of evidence and balanced the potential risks of recurrent reactions with those of premedication and product avoidance when making these recommendations to improve and standardize the care of patients who experience or have a history of reaction to ICM. © Radiological Society of North America and American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc on behalf of American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology and by Radiological Society of North America. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. This paper was jointly developed by The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: In Practice, Radiology and jointly published by Elsevier Inc and Radiological Society of North America. The articles are identical except for minor stylistic and spelling differences in keeping with each journal's style. Either citation can be used when citing this article. Keywords: Contrast allergy, Contrast hypersensitivity, Iodinated contrast allergy, Iodinated contrast hypersensitivity, Anaphylaxis, Contrast skin testing, Contrast switching, Contrast reaction, Delayed contrast reaction, Immediate contrast reaction.

The Importance of Improving Promotion of Kidney Health and Access to Kidney Care: Perspectives From Leaders of Patient Organizations in Honduras.

The Importance of Improving Promotion of Kidney Health and Access to Kidney Care: Perspectives From Leaders of Patient Organizations in Honduras.

Fault Feature Mining and Identification Method of 10kV XLPE Cable Combining SAE and RF

Background: Feature extraction methods such as statistical features and image features based on traditional partial discharge spectrograms require the support of expert experience and prior knowledge, making their engineering applications have significant limitations. Currently, electrical equipment fault diagnosis is moving towards intelligent and scientific directions, and how to apply deep learning methods for more accurate, intelligent, and autonomous diagnosis has become a hot issue in the current field. Methods: The construction and optimal selection of high-voltage cable partial discharge feature space is an important means to improve recognition accuracy. This paper proposes a new method that can independently and deeply mine partial discharge image features to quickly identify partial discharge types. Firstly, a self encoder is used to encode and decode partial discharge images, and a multi-level stack structure is used to achieve the goal of deep feature mining; then, the partial discharge data features decoded based on a stack self encoder are imported into a random forest network for type recognition; Finally, based on the random forest algorithm, the redundant feature space is optimized and compared with other traditional recognition methods. Results: The recognition accuracy of the proposed method is about 10% higher than that of traditional methods. Conclusion: The optimized feature parameters can maintain more than 90% recognition accuracy in both random forest algorithms, common support vector machines, and BP neural networks, proving the feasibility and effectiveness of the method in this paper.

A tough and water-resistant cellulose-based barrier film and its multiple synergistic mechanisms for fruit preservation.

A tough and water-resistant cellulose-based barrier film and its multiple synergistic mechanisms for fruit preservation.

A meta-analysis of anthropomorphism of artificial intelligence in tourism

ABSTRACT As new technologies continue to improve the consumer experience, the use of anthropomorphic artificial intelligence to provide personalized services has gained increasing attention in the tourism industry. This paper conducts a meta-analysis to examine the theoretical framework of anthropomorphism in tourism studies with 72 quantitative literatures derived from Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, Elsevier Science Direct, Emerald and Springer, et al, databases from the last 20 years. The results show that anthropomorphism is positively influenced by perceived intelligence, personalization and competence, hedonic motivation and social influence, while it is negatively influenced by perceived risk. In addition, anthropomorphism has a significant positive influence on the factors of cognitive, emotional and intention levels. Furthermore, industry attributes significantly moderate the relationship between anthropomorphism and its antecedents and type of artificial intelligence significantly moderates the relationship between anthropomorphism and its consequences.

Riflessi dell’incontro con la singolare molteplicità

Conference held during the seminar "Riparare vite distrutte. I traumi estremi della guerra e della migrazione: quali interventi possibili?“ held on June 15, 2024, in Milan and online, organized by the Trauma Area of the Association for Research in Clinical Psychology (ARP) as part of the training course ”Master's Degree in Psychotraumatology" (Scientific Direction: Maria Silvana Patti and Alessandro Vassalli). [...]

Research on Transformation Path of Teacher Education Model and Construction of New Ecology under AI Empowerment

Under the background of the wide application of AI technology, the field of education has ushered in a profound change, which has renewed teachers’ quality and teacher education model has innovated. Exploring the integration and development of artificial intelligence technology and teacher education has become an important educational topic. This paper puts forward a new idea of reforming the teacher education model based on AI technology, promoting the development of teacher education in the direction of science and fun, and analyzes the construction strategy of AI-based education ecology, so as to provide reference for promoting the integration of AI and college teacher education and building a new education ecology.

Жизнь, посвящённая науке. Памяти Владимира Дмитриевича Шадрикова (18.11.1939 – 14.01.2025)

The article is dedicated to the memory of the outstanding Russian psychologist, educator, and statesman Vladimir Dmitrievich Shadrikov. It highlights his contribution to the development of psychological science and education system in Russia. His professional journey from a teacher to a leader of major scientific-pedagogical projects is described, as well as his role in forming and developing scientific schools and directions such as activity psychology, psychology of abilities and giftedness, neo-cognitive psychology, and psychology of understanding. Special attention is paid to the humanistic orientation of his pedagogical views focused on love and understanding of children's needs. The article emphasizes the significance of V.D. Shadrikov's contributions to the development of Russian psychology and pedagogy.

The theme of God in Russian proverbs and sayings with normative orientation

This work reveals the influence of biblicalisms on legal paremiology, which is a fairly new scientific direction. The vivid imagery of paremiology gives its study today special interest and scientific significance. Linguistic and cultural analysis of proverbs with the sacred component God, characterised by great semantic diversity, is based primarily on biblical phraseology. The example of proverbs and sayings demonstrates the impact of Holy Scripture on the legal culture of the Russian people, who generally adhere to Christian values. Even though biblical phraseology is an integral part of the spiritual treasury of any European language, there are practically no works devoted to this issue in Russia. The proposed study shows that rule-making proverbs containing biblical words give impetus to the analysis of the impact of Christianity on the legal culture of the Russian people, despite the period of atheism we consider long. Studying the history and etymology of legal proverbs and sayings allows tracing the reflection of different eras in them and at the same time, make sure of the stability of individual linguistic elements based on Biblicalisms. In the historical aspect, the use of biblical words is considered to represent not only the linguistic, but also the spiritual memory of the people, based on high moral values and transmitted from one generation to another despite historical upheavals.