The 21st-century scientific landscape is characterized by the convergence of complexity science, interdisciplinarity, big data and artificial intelligence (AI) as key transformative trends. Together, these elements are reshaping how science approaches complex real-world systems and challenges. In Kuhnian terms several scientific disciplines appear to be moving towards a paradigm shift. Ionospheric research is taking advantage of this evolution, improving our understanding of the ionosphere as a complex sub-system of the larger and more complex geospace system. This paper briefly describes recent advances in ionospheric research that explicitly involve complexity, interdisciplinarity, big data and AI. It explores these developments within a framework that can be interpreted as a path towards a paradigm shift in Kuhn’s sense of scientific development.

Youth interest in STEM careers is closely linked to early exposure, hands-on learning, and relevance to real-world applications (Maiorca et al., 2021; Spyropoulou et al., 2020). Biotechnology, a rapidly growing sector, offers high-demand career opportunities but remains underrepresented in youth programming. Cooperative Extension is uniquely positioned to address this gap through community-based learning experiences that foster scientific literacy and workforce development. This project aims to increase youth awareness and preparedness for biotechnology careers through a USDA-funded FANE (Food and Agriculture Nonformal Education) workforce development grant. The objectives are to: Engage youth in a biotechnology-focused 4-H club model; Develop educational games to build biotech knowledge and career awareness; and Integrate industry partnerships and workforce connections into youth programming. We piloted a 4-H biotechnology club for middle and high school students, emphasizing hands-on labs, mentorship, and career exploration. In parallel, we developed an educational game, Dr. Eugene’s Biotech Lab, using narrative-based play and problem-solving to simulate real biotech scenarios. A second game is in development, informed by evaluation data and youth feedback. Preliminary data indicate increased youth interest in biotech and STEM careers. Participants report on an enhanced understanding of concepts such as DNA extraction and CRISPR technology. Educator feedback supports the use of games to reinforce complex topics in an engaging, accessible format. This work demonstrates the potential of combining youth development principles with interactive learning to create scalable, equitable pathways to STEM careers. Future plans include game refinement, broader dissemination, and deeper integration with industry partners.

Philosophical aspects of the methodology of administrative law are studied, systems of philosophical understanding of the norms of administrative law are analysed as a factor that forms the basis for the development of the administrative law science, elements of the social life influence on the development of administrative law norms are determined. Attention is focused on such an aspect of the administrative law philosophy as the protection of law and order and ensuring security, which form the sectoral features of the norms of administrative law implementation. The lack of an applied research base for the philosophy of administrative law, the poorly developed theory and practice of introducing the findings of science into the practical legal field, legal nihilism in legislative work and the decrease in the number and qualifications of scientific personnel increase the degree of threats and risks to the development of the science of administrative law. It is noted that at the current stage of development, the philosophy of law science already has an arsenal of methods that can be used in the process of forming ideas about administrative law and methods of learning administrative law. In fact, we are talking about modern paradigms of administrative law, which determine the ways of development of this science through the prism of various teachings and existing scientific developments. The formation of own scientific school of the philosophy of administrative law and the implementation of the results of scientific acquisitions in practical legal life are the basis for the proper development of the administrative law science.

This study investigates the most recent advancements in the field of biomedical soft robotics, with a primary emphasis on the integration of nanomaterials and nanotechnology. It underscores the biocompatibility, flexibility, and performance of soft robots by emphasizing critical advancements in nanomaterials, robotics, and biomedical applications. Nanomaterials can improve the biocompatibility and mechanical qualities of soft robots used in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Nanotechnology enables the development of flexible and elastic electronics, which may be integrated into soft robotics. This study also analyzes recent patents, offering a viewpoint on emerging technologies and their potential impact on medical diagnostics, therapeutic delivery systems, and minimally invasive procedures. The scientific developments and patents with the functioning and operating mechanisms of soft robots, as well as the problems of constructing biomedical soft robots with nanomaterials and nanotechnology, are examined in this critical study. Moreover, it also examines current advancements, patents, technological challenges, and future trends in nanomaterials and nanotechnology used in biomedical soft robotics.

Breakthroughs in new pollutant research: Analytical methods, environmental processes, toxicological mechanisms, and control strategies.

This research is motivated by the rapid development of scientific publications in Indonesia, which requires systematic mapping to understand the direction of global scientific development. The main objective of this study is to map the bibliometric landscape of research in Indonesia through the Web of Science (WOS) database to identify annual trends, dominant themes, and future research directions. The method used is descriptive bibliometric analysis and network visualization using VOSviewer software on publication data for the period 2004-2026. The research findings indicate a highly exponential growth of publications, reaching a peak in 2025 with a contribution of 35.6% of the total literature. Dominant themes are concentrated in the management, economics, and education clusters, with sustainability and digital innovation emerging as the latest research trends. The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN) emerged as the most productive institution, while the field of financial management recorded the highest citation impact. The study's conclusions confirm that research in Indonesia has transformed towards an internationally competitive multidisciplinary approach. Going forward, it is recommended to explore thematic areas with low density to fill the remaining research gaps.

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of anomalies in the legal sphere as a structural and conceptual element of the legal heritage, reflecting the dynamics of the historical development of law. The work reveals the content of legal anomalies as deviations from the normative model, which arise as a result of contradictions between established legal traditions and new social realities. It is shown that anomalies not only testify to the dysfunctions of legal institutions, but also act as catalysts of legal evolution, stimulating the transformation of legal consciousness and the renewal of legal principles. Based on historical and legal analysis, the most common forms of anomalies are characterized, in particular, legal nihilism, legal infantilism, etc. Special attention is paid to the factors that cause the appearance of anomalies: political, legal, organizational and managerial, moral and psychological. It is noted that in the conditions of social transformations of Ukraine, anomalies of the legal sphere become markers of deep processes of rethinking the legal heritage, revealing the tension between the normative and actual levels of legal life. It is argued that overcoming the negative consequences of legal anomalies requires systematic theoretical understanding, critical analysis of historical experience, strengthening the role of legal culture and ensuring the sustainability of law-making processes. The results obtained open up new prospects for the formation of modern approaches to the study of legal heritage, clarification of the conceptual apparatus and development of practical mechanisms for minimizing legal deviations in the modern legal system. Special attention is paid to how anomalies manifest themselves in different historical periods. The results of the scientific research allow us to outline the consequences of legal anomalies, in particular, violations of the rights and freedoms of citizens, legal conflicts, unstable legal order and the threat to the legitimacy of the legal sphere. A well-founded conclusion has been made that the consideration of anomalies in the legal sphere in the context of legal heritage is a relevant issue today and opens up new prospects and methodological guidelines for further scientific, theoretical and practical developments.

ABSTRACT Background Scientific higher-order thinking (S-HOT) is widely recognized as a core competency for talent development worldwide. Although multiple factors have been identified as influencing students’ S-HOT, the mechanisms and pathways through which these factors interact remain insufficiently understood. Purpose This study aims to examine the pathways through which scientific critical and judgmental ability, learning engagement, teacher–student relationship, teaching method, parental involvement, and family atmosphere influence students’ S-HOT. Sample The study sample consisted of 124 junior high school students. Design and Methods A mixed-methods approach was adopted, integrating structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships among variables and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to identify multiple configurations that promote students’ S-HOT. Results The SEM results indicate that scientific critical and judgmental ability has a significant positive effect on students’ S-HOT. Teacher–student relationships indirectly enhance S-HOT through learning engagement or through the combined effect of learning engagement and scientific critical and judgmental ability. However, excessive learning engagement shows a negative effect on S-HOT. The fsQCA results reveal six distinct pathways that contribute to the development of students’ S-HOT, highlighting that different combinations of influencing factors can facilitate this competency. Conclusion The findings suggest that promoting students’ S-HOT requires a comprehensive approach that considers both individual abilities and contextual factors. The study provides practical implications and targeted recommendations for enhancing students’ scientific higher-order thinking development.

The sluggish advancement of digital transformation of the construction industry (DTCI) in China underscores the imperative for systematic policy evaluation. Current research predominantly examines policy elements respectively, inadequately addressing systemic complexity arising from the interdependence between policy objectives and instruments. This study addresses this gap by employing an innovative network analysis methodology to examine DTCI policy documents (containing 354 instruments and 351 objectives). Through constructing policy mix networks derived from 930 objective-instrument pairs, our analysis reveals three critical findings: First, Chinese DTCI policies exhibit disproportionate emphasis on technical systems, sectoral policies, and market regimes while marginalizing socio-cultural dimensions and scientific knowledge development. Second, we identify a pronounced governmental preference for environmental and supply-side policy instruments. Third, network configuration analysis demonstrates substantial misalignment between stated objectives and implemented instruments. The study further delineates two central policy clusters comprising nine core instruments and ten primary objectives. These findings inform targeted recommendations for optimizing China’s DTCI policy framework. This research advances policy analysis by introducing a network-based paradigm that explicitly captures the interconnected nature of policy elements. The proposed approach enhances evaluative precision in complex policy systems, offering transferable insights for improving policy coherence and implementation efficacy in digital transformation initiatives.

Thomas Hardy is one of the last novelists of the Later Victorian Period. Being a versatile and prolific writer, he tried his hand at writing poetry, short story, and novel successfully. Having read the works of agnostic and atheistic philosophers, he developed a belief that there is some malevolent, hostile and vindictive cosmic force that is determined to oppose man. This force is relentlessly committed to frustrating his plans and schemes. He opines that this antagonistic force is ill-disposed and inimical to those in particular who assert their authority and want to get their own way. This belief made Thomas Hardy produce a copious amount of work speaking of his pessimistic perspective on life, rendering him conspicuous for critics and expositors. This research paper aims to re-explore the purported doom and gloom in Hardy’s works from Jungian viewpoint. That is to say, this delve is an endeavor to ascertain the cause of his literary pessimism, employing a lens what Carl Gustav Jung conceives as "The Shadow." As regards the trail of pessimism in Thomas Hardy's literary endeavors, countless volumes of primary and secondary body of knowledge apropos of matter have been delved deep into, involving his autobiography, biographies, and critical commentaries written on his works. A meticulous read of these volumes has led to the discovery that Hardy's perusal of the leaves of the works of his contemporary English Naturalist Charles Darwin, the gloomy Teutons Eduard van Hartman and Arthur Schopenhauer and Greek tragedians, Shakespeare and his contemporary agnostics impacted Hardy's spiritual and moral compass. Critics believe that pessimism, agnosticism, and atheism originating from The Victorian Intellectual Revolution caused Thomas Hardy to become pessimist, determinist, fatalist, agnostic and ultimately atheist viewing life, religion, universe and God in a pessimistic light. Furthermore, other elements that triggered his pessimism, involve circumstances of his intimate life, to be exact, his ephemeral yet amorous alliance with his betrothed Tryphena Sparks, and his failed marriage with his first wife Emma Lavinia Gifford. The pessimism resulting from Hardy's study of the works of all the aforementioned contemporaries, religious intellectuals, German philosophers, the influence of scientific development, and his failed intimate relationships with the aforementioned two women, became repressed in his unconscious, which later on manifested itself in his works such as Jude the Obscure and A Pair of Blue Eyes featuring people, their state of affairs, their faith resonating with Hardy himself, his own life circumstances, his own religious beliefs and with that of those associated with him in real life. In plain, this paper establishes it for a fact that literary Naturalism and Antihumanism of Thomas Hardy is inextricable from his personal and philosophical doctrine manifesting itself in the Magnum opus, unbeknownst to Hardy.

Higher education institutions in archipelagic regions face persistent challenges in scientific journal governance, limiting the visibility of lecturers’ scholarly contributions and constraining institutional publication capacity. STKIP Hunimua, located in the Maluku archipelagic region of Indonesia, experiences similar constraints, particularly in the absence of systematically and sustainably managed internal journal platforms. This community service initiative was conducted under the “Teaching Assistance 2025” Program of Pattimura University at STKIP Hunimua, East Seram Regency, Maluku Province. The program aimed to initiate and strengthen scientific journal development through structured academic mentoring. A participatory assistance approach was employed, actively engaging partner lecturers in scientific writing workshops, journal governance training, strategic planning discussions, and the facilitation of a journal management team. The program resulted in the establishment of two scholarly journals – HUNIMUA: Jurnal Pendidikan Kepulauan and UKARBATI: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepulauan – along with the development of an Open Journal System (OJS)-based platform (https://journal.stkiphunimua.ac.id). Additionally, lecturers demonstrated increased literacy and engagement in scholarly publishing practices. Beyond producing tangible outputs in the form of online journals, the initiative fostered a more proactive academic culture and strengthened institutional commitment to sustainable journal management. This program contributes to enhancing the academic capacity of higher education institutions in remote island contexts and demonstrates that collaborative, structured interventions can effectively establish viable scientific publication platforms, thereby supporting equitable participation in the digital transformative era in alignment with the vision of “Impactful Campus – Advanced Indonesia”.

The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of science as an anthropological phenomenon that goes beyond purely epistemological and methodological considerations. This article identifies the role of human activity, value orientations and socio-cultural contexts in the formation of scientific knowledge and its impact on human and social development. The methodological basis of the research is based on the principles of philosophical anthropology, social epistemology and hermeneutics. Methods of historical and philosophical analysis, comparative research, as well as qualitative methods of collecting and processing empirical data (interviews, case analysis) are used. An important element is an interdisciplinary approach that integrates knowledge from philosophy, sociology, the history of science, and cultural studies. The results of the study show that science is a complex socio-cultural construct in which cognitive, value and practical aspects are intertwined. It has been established that the formation of scientific knowledge is significantly influenced by anthropological factors such as cognitive abilities, motivations, attitudes and biases of researchers. The mechanisms by which science influences a person’s self-awareness, worldview, and ways of interacting with the outside world have been identified. The prospects for research on this topic are related to a deeper understanding of the relationship between science and human existence. Special attention is planned to be paid to the study of ethical aspects of scientific research and development, as well as to the analysis of the impact of new technologies on the formation of human identity and the transformation of social relations. A promising area is the development of a philosophical and anthropological concept of science that can serve as a basis for the humanitarian expertise of scientific projects and the formation of responsible scientific policy.

Introduction. The issue of compensation for damage and losses caused by the Russian Federation’s military aggression against our state, as well as future compensation mechanisms, currently raises more questions than unambiguous answers. The Russian Federation’s military aggression against Ukraine has been going on for 12 years, and the number of victims and victims is increasing daily. Therefore, it is important to resolve controversial issues and find effective legal mechanisms for real compensation for damage and losses. The purpose of the paper is to study existing mechanisms for compensation for damage and losses caused to individuals and legal entities as a result of the Russian Federation’s armed aggression. Results. According to various expert estimates, over 1 trillion US dollars have been caused to the Ukrainian economy during the 12 years of armed aggression by the Russian Federation. Civilian casualties in the form of dead and wounded number in the tens of thousands of civilians. In recent years, the Russian armed forces have been deliberately and systematically attacking Ukraine’s energy infrastructure, which has resulted in a critical reduction in electricity generation capacity. The secondary consequences of such attacks have affected water supply, sewage and sanitation systems, heating and hot water supply, healthcare, education and the general state of the economy, and people’s mental health. The damage to the environment is also inexhaustible, as Ukraine is one of the countries with the highest levels of contamination by explosive devices and mines, which poses a long-term threat to the civilian population. Compensation to victims of damage caused as a result of Russian war crimes is one of the key aspects in the protection of human rights. Conclusions. When developing a global compensation mechanism for damages caused to Ukraine by the Russian aggressor, one should take into account the scientific developments of domestic researchers and real proposals of practitioners who are already working in the field of restoring justice. The main tasks should be the activity of the Ukrainian legal community, the processing of existing problematic issues and the preparation of proposals for their resolution.

The purpose of the paper is to identify effective mechanisms and strategies for innovative reconstruction to ensure sustainable development and the growth of Ukraine's national economy. The methodological basis of scientific intelligence is the methods of collecting, comparing, analyzing, synthesizing and summarizing information from scientific publications, official statistical data, analytical reports and practical cases of innovation implementation in Ukraine. The scientific novelty of the paper lies in the in-depth, comprehensive analysis of modern innovation strategies, their impact on industry, the digitalization of public administration, the development of the green economy, the startup ecosystem, and the military-industrial complex in the context of post-war recovery. The paper showed that the innovative reconstruction of Ukraine is a complex strategic process. The implementation of Industry 4.0/5.0 technologies enables increased production efficiency, the creation of high-value products, reduced dependence on imports, and greater competitiveness for the Ukrainian industry in global markets. The development of innovation infrastructure and the startup ecosystem contributes to the commercialization of scientific developments, attracts investments in R&D, strengthens the "science-business-state" cooperation, and decentralizes innovative development in the regions. The digital transformation of public administration ensures transparency, accountability, efficiency, and the convenience of interaction between the state and citizens and businesses, creating a platform for sustainable technological development. The implementation of the principles of green economy and renewable energy sources increases the country's energy independence, reduces carbon emissions, and creates new investment opportunities in environmentally friendly sectors. Innovations in the military-industrial complex enhance Ukraine's defense capabilities, accelerate technological modernization, create highly qualified jobs, and stimulate the development of scientific and industrial potential.

Indonesia’s tropical forests are central to global climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities. However, forest management research in Indonesia remains fragmented and insufficiently synthesized, constraining its contribution to coherent scientific development and evidence-based policy. This study addresses this gap by systematically mapping research trends and knowledge structures in Indonesian forest management studies from 1986 to 2025. A total of 756 publications indexed in Scopus under the keywords “Forest Management” and “Indonesia” were analyzed using descriptive bibliometrics and science-mapping techniques, including co-authorship and co-citation analysis with VOSviewer. Research output increased markedly after 2015, with more than 80 articles published between 2021 and 2024. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified five principal thematic clusters: ecological–silvicultural research; climate change and carbon dynamics; governance and community forestry; spatial and regional analysis; and geographically focused case studies. Overlay visualization reveals a temporal shift from early emphases on logging, timber production, and tropical forest ecology to mid-period attention on deforestation, carbon accounting, and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), and more recently toward governance-oriented themes such as community forestry, participation, and policy implementation after 2018. The knowledge structure is influenced by a limited number of prominent authors and institutions, supported by strong international collaboration networks, and increasingly framed within sustainable and adaptive forest management, community-based approaches, and social–ecological systems perspectives. Despite thematic progress, significant gaps remain, including limited longitudinal policy impact evaluation, weak integration of socio-ecological and spatial analyses, underrepresentation of regions such as Papua, and insufficient development of operational forest management models. This study offers the first multidimensional synthesis of Indonesian forest management research and underscores the need for integrated, community-responsive strategies to strengthen future policy and practice.

Indonesia’s tropical forests are central to global climate mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and the livelihoods of forest-dependent communities. However, forest management research in Indonesia remains fragmented and insufficiently synthesized, constraining its contribution to coherent scientific development and evidence-based policy. This study addresses this gap by systematically mapping research trends and knowledge structures in Indonesian forest management studies from 1986 to 2025. A total of 756 publications indexed in Scopus under the keywords “Forest Management” and “Indonesia” were analyzed using descriptive bibliometrics and science-mapping techniques, including co-authorship and co-citation analysis with VOSviewer. Research output increased markedly after 2015, with more than 80 articles published between 2021 and 2024. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified five principal thematic clusters: ecological–silvicultural research; climate change and carbon dynamics; governance and community forestry; spatial and regional analysis; and geographically focused case studies. Overlay visualization reveals a temporal shift from early emphases on logging, timber production, and tropical forest ecology to mid-period attention on deforestation, carbon accounting, and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD), and more recently toward governance-oriented themes such as community forestry, participation, and policy implementation after 2018. The knowledge structure is influenced by a limited number of prominent authors and institutions, supported by strong international collaboration networks, and increasingly framed within sustainable and adaptive forest management, community-based approaches, and social–ecological systems perspectives. Despite thematic progress, significant gaps remain, including limited longitudinal policy impact evaluation, weak integration of socio-ecological and spatial analyses, underrepresentation of regions such as Papua, and insufficient development of operational forest management models. This study offers the first multidimensional synthesis of Indonesian forest management research and underscores the need for integrated, community-responsive strategies to strengthen future policy and practice.

The recurring need for the partial or total replacement of inputs derived from non renewable sources has strengthened efforts to promote bioeconomy and to advance sustainable technologies. This study sought to investigate, through scientific documents published in the scopus database, the number of scientific publications and citations related to factors such as countries, authors, main funding agencies, keywords, journals, and the temporal evolution of publications that included the word curauá. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to confirm that the term curauá appeared in 368 scientific documents available in the database, with 221 published between 2015 and 2025, representing approximately 60% of all publications. Brazilian leadership in the development of technologies with diverse applications derived from curauá fibers or bioactive compounds was evident, as the main funding agencies supporting this type of research are brazilian, including the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), and the Carlos Chagas Foundation (FCC). Among the countries that published the most, Brazil stands out with 86% of all publications, followed by India (8%), Portugal (5%), France (3%), the United States (2%), Japan (2%), the Netherlands (2%), Italy (2%), and the United Kingdom (2%). Finally, the present study revealed information indicating significant advances and potential investments, especially in the Northern region of Brazil, which shows strong potential for leading the production of biofibers with diverse applications derived from Amazonian curauá.

Following the attainment of political independence, Armenian science suffered substantial losses during the initial years as a result of both objective and subjective factors. In the subsequent period, the scientific sector was largely compelled to focus on survival rather than development. In contrast, the experience of scientific development in the United States (US) and Germany demonstrates that the achievements of these countries are primarily attributable to well-designed long-term programs and consistent, systematic government policies.

In the past few decades, we have seen increasing specialization within developmental science, with researchers focusing on narrowly defined research areas in child development. This specialization has yielded deep insights and methodological advances across many developmental areas. However, it has also led to siloes of expertise. In this article, we review findings on how motor, visual, auditory, olfactory and gustatory experiences affect early cognitive development. We identify some common themes across these domains, such as the role of predictive processing in early development. We argue for the importance of adopting a dynamic systems approach and considering the variabilities both within the individual and in the larger cultural environments. Finally, we conclude by outlining several avenues for future research that seek to advance integrative approaches within developmental science.

Developmental science has accumulated considerable evidence that by 2 to 3 years of age, children begin to appreciate the obligatory nature of different social norms and distinguish between moral and conventional transgressions. However, little is known about the early ontogenetic trajectories of normative stances in the moral and conventional domains. Theoretical considerations point to three open questions: (1) Do young children's reactions toward transgressions of moral and conventional norms show increasing differentiation over this age period? (2) To which extent are young children's moral and conventional stances longitudinally stable? (3) Do early moral and conventional stances relate to each other in development? This longitudinal study presented 2.5-year-olds and 3.5-year-olds (N = 93, 45 females, predominantly White, mostly middle to high socioeconomic status) with the same established moral (i.e., harming others, destroying others' property) and conventional (i.e., sorting objects incorrectly) transgressions enacted by puppet characters. Children's spontaneous protest behavior and acceptability judgments were recorded. The relation between 2.5-year-olds' moral and conventional judgment (r = .78) decreased in 3.5-year-olds (r = .30). Moral protest (β = 0.403), but not conventional protest (β = 0.130), showed longitudinal stability. Conventional judgment of 2.5-year-olds related to 3.5-year-olds' moral judgment (β = 0.480). These findings demonstrate that young children's reactions toward moral and conventional transgressions show signs of differentiation regarding acceptability judgments and signs of stability regarding moral, but not conventional, protest behavior. This supports theoretical notions suggesting increasing differentiation and stability as central developmental processes in young children's emerging appreciation for social norms. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).