Objectives This conceptual study examines how Islamic mindfulness practices ( Muraqabah , Dhikr , Salah ) influence psychological processes that extend beyond spiritual benefits, shaping decision-making and well-being in both personal and professional domains. Methods Employing a conceptual analysis methodology, this research synthesizes interdisciplinary literature from Islamic studies, psychology, consumer behavior, and organizational management to theoretically explicate the psychological mechanisms of these practices. Results The analysis suggests that these practices may cultivate heightened self-regulation, intentionality (Niyyah), and ethical attentional orientations, including tendencies toward reduced materialism. This psychological profile is theorized to be associated with more deliberate and ethically oriented consumption tendencies and with orientations supporting professional resilience, focus, and ethical decision-making. Conclusion This paper theorizes that Islamic mindfulness may provide a framework for understanding culturally embedded forms of mindfulness. While explicitly conceptual and exploratory in nature, it highlights directions for empirical validation and introduces a Culturally Embedded Mindfulness Model (CEMM) that contributes to ongoing debates in mindfulness science regarding universality versus cultural specificity.

The impact of antibiotics on childhood immunity has been a subject of significant research and ongoing debate in medical science. Antibiotics, while essential for treating bacterial infections and saving lives, have raised concerns regarding their potential influence on the developing immune system of children. This study explores the complex relationship between antibiotic use and immune development, highlighting both beneficial therapeutic effects and unintended negative consequences. The widespread prescription of antibiotics in childhood has contributed to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, posing a serious public health challenge. Resistant infections are often harder to treat, resulting in longer illness durations and increased healthcare costs. Childhood represents a critical period for immune system development, during which early exposure to microorganisms helps shape immune responses later in life. Antibiotics can disrupt these natural microbial interactions by altering the composition of the gut microbiota, potentially reducing microbial diversity and affecting immune function. Such disruptions may increase susceptibility to allergies, infections, and immune-related disorders in later stages of life. To assess the impact of antibiotics on childhood immunity, the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method was applied. These multi-criteria decision-making approach assigns weights to relevant factors and aggregates scores to evaluate outcomes effectively. The analysis revealed variations among children, with Child 4 ranking highest in antibiotic impact on immunity, while Child 5 ranked lowest. These findings demonstrate individual differences in immune response and highlight the importance of cautious antibiotic use.

ABSTRACT This paper engages with the body of the researcher to explore emotions in ethnographic educational research. Juxtaposing two ethnographic projects, it establishes a dialogical reflection between researchers to engage with non-conscious aspects of their experiences. This study looks at field notes from research on social inequalities in primary and secondary school classrooms in England and Germany through a collaborative and reflexive exchange, termed bodily dialogue. The researchers share field notes and re-narrate classroom experiences, emphasising uncomfortable emotions experienced in the field, while listening to and analysing each other's accounts. This performative, dialogic approach aims to enrich scientific debates by integrating shared reflection through and with the body. The analysis highlights the complexities of power dynamics in classrooms, challenging the researcher's initial assumptions and fostering a more nuanced understanding of emotional and relational aspects in educational settings and of educational research itself.

A >8-year two-generation study on the long-term effects of genetically modified maize (Zea mays) containing cry1Ab/cry2Aj and EPSPS genes on cardiac function and arrhythmia risk of cynomolgus macaques.

Blood transfusion remains a cornerstone in the management of sickle cell disease (SCD); however, it is frequently complicated by red cell alloimmunisation. A significant debate persists within the scientific community regarding the optimal strategy to mitigate this risk: the traditional, pragmatic approach of serologic phenotyping versus molecular genotyping, which is technically superior yet more resource-intensive. This mini-review aims to map the framework of this scientific debate and synthesize current evidence through a dual methodology. A scientometric analysis was conducted on 224 articles indexed in Scopus and Web of Science using the Bibliometrix package for R, followed by a structured narrative review of 26 selected studies. The scientometric findings confirm growing interest in this topic, identifying two distinct yet interconnected research clusters that reflect the ongoing dialectic between phenotyping and genotyping, with the latter emerging as a 'hot topic' over the past decade. The narrative synthesis highlights a predominance of evidence supporting genotyping as the most accurate approach to preventing alloimmunisation, particularly given the high prevalence of RH system variants in individuals with SCD. In contrast, cost-effectiveness analyses and implementation studies underscore substantial financial and logistical barriers that favour a more pragmatic, stepwise approach. We conclude that the future of transfusion safety in SCD does not lie in a binary choice but rather in a synergistic and stratified integration of both strategies. Implementing protocols that target genotyping for high-risk patients, while simultaneously optimising the use of extended phenotyping, represents the most promising pathway to balance safety, cost and accessibility-ultimately ensuring the best possible transfusion therapy for this vulnerable population.

On biological and artificial consciousness: A case for biological computationalism.

P-SILI (patient self-inflicted lung injury) is a radically new idea based on the claim that patients taking larger tidal volumes (in response to respiratory stimuli) can cause alveolar injury. This review lays bare the lack of robust experimental data to establish the actual existence of P-SILI. At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, world-renowned investigators argued that P-SILI was responsible for much of the lung injury in COVID-19 and recommended radical alterations in ventilator management: avoidance of noninvasive ventilation, preemptive intubation, widespread use of neuromuscular blockers to decrease patient-generated tidal volume, and postponement of ventilator weaning. When debated to provide proof for the existence of P-SILI, proponents imparted sparse unconvincing rejoinders. In a scientific debate, the party making a new claim carries the burden of proof, not the side defending the preexisting state of knowledge (analogous to a defendant's presumption of innocence until evidence is produced to the contrary). Claims for the existence of P-SILI are based on the shakiest of circumstantial evidence. Six decades of research on how to prudently select settings and remove/wean the ventilator at the earliest time were abrogated during a pandemic on the warrant of an unproven hypothetical entity.

The development of academic writing skills among university students remains a serious challenge in higher education, particularly in Indonesian language courses that are often perceived as theoretical and procedural. This study aims to reconstruct Indonesian language learning through an Outcome Based Education (OBE) approach to strengthen students’ scientific writing skills at Universitas Muhammadiyah Maumere. Employing a qualitative research design, data were collected through classroom observations and in-depth interviews with students and lecturers over a three-week period. The findings reveal that OBE based learning encourages clearer learning objectives, increases students’ awareness of academic writing standards, and fosters reflective and critical writing practices. Students demonstrated improved understanding of scientific text structures, argument development, and academic language conventions. Furthermore, the learning process shifted from teacher centered instruction to a more participatory and student oriented model, allowing students to actively construct knowledge through observation, discussion, and writing practice. The study also highlights that the integration of contextual learning and continuous feedback plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ confidence and motivation in academic writing. These findings imply that OBE based Indonesian language instruction can serve as an effective pedagogical strategy to cultivate academic literacy, critical thinking, and responsible scholarly attitudes among university students. The study recommends broader implementation of OBE principles in language education to support sustainable improvement in higher education learning outcomes.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated considerable potential in enhancing educational practices, while the integration of socio-scientific issues (SSI) in science instruction provides meaningful learning experiences that promote higher-order thinking and societal responsibility. This study examined the effects of an AI-mediated instructional approach integrating Socio-Scientific Issues within Green Chemistry Education (AI-SSI in GCE) on learners’ chemical literacy (CL) and scientific argumentation skills (SAS). A one-group pretest–posttest quasi-experimental design was employed involving 31 Grade 11 learners. Data were collected using a Hydrocarbons Chemical Literacy Test (H-CLT), a 30-item multiple-choice instrument aligned with established chemical literacy domains, and a Claim–Evidence–Reasoning–based Argumentative Writing Assessment (CER-AWA). The results revealed statistically significant improvements with large effect sizes in both chemical literacy and scientific argumentation skills following the intervention. Learners demonstrated enhanced abilities to apply chemical knowledge across content, contextual, higher-order, and affective domains, particularly in addressing real-world environmental issues such as plastic pollution. Analysis of scientific argumentation indicated that learners were able to construct complete claims, select relevant evidence, and partially articulate coherent scientific reasoning linking evidence to claims. Additionally, learners exhibited increased awareness of green chemistry principles, environmental sustainability, and the societal implications of chemical decision-making. In conclusion, the AI-SSI in GCE instructional approach effectively fostered cognitive, argumentative, green chemistry awareness, and socio-affective learning outcomes. The findings support the integration of socio-scientific issues and green chemistry concepts into chemistry instruction and highlight the potential of AI as a pedagogical scaffold. However, ethical considerations related to AI use in education may be addressed, and continued optimization and professional dialogue among educators are essential to ensure responsible and learner-centered implementation.

Background/Objectives: Insulin-Resistant Normal Weight and Insulin-Sensitive Obesity are atypical cardiometabolic phenotypes whose clinico-biological features, management, and prognosis are a subject of extensive scientific debate. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence of metabolic phenotypes of obesity and to evaluate their association with markers related to diabesity, adipokines profile, and two single nucleotide polymorphisms of CNR1 gene. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis in a random sample of 487 individuals (53.03 ± 13.71 years, 48.3% male) which were classified based on body mass index (</≥25 kg/m2) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR cut-off value 2.5) as Insulin-Sensitive/Insulin-Resistant Normal Weight (ISNW/IRNW) and Insulin-Sensitive/Insulin-Resistant Obesity (ISO/IRO). Results: The ISO phenotype frequency was 24.2%, with a higher prevalence in the 40–60 years age group (47.0%) and in men (44.9%), while the prevalence of IRNW was 7.0%, predominating in women (61.8%). Participants with IRNW had a more altered glycoregulation profile (fasting and 2 h OGTT blood glucose, prediabetes, and hyperinsulinism), hypercholesterolemia, and adiposity indices (ABSI) than those with ISNW, but comparable to those with IRO. Participants with ISO had a more favorable glycoregulation profile, lipid profile, adipocytokines, and adiposity indices than those with IRO. IRNW had higher odds of being associated with prediabetes (OR 10.75; p < 0.001) than ISNW, while younger age, CUN-BAE, and ABSI were independently associated with both ISO and IRNW phenotypes. Conclusions: The IRNW phenotype should be actively evaluated to intervene on the cardiometabolic risk, while further studies are needed to confirm the sustainability of the favorable cardiometabolic profile of the ISO phenotype.

A commentary written by Jan Beyea claimed that the HPS interview of Edward Calabrese on the historical evolution of the linear no-threshold model was unreliable because it overlooked key historical text and statistical concepts. Beyea states that the purpose of his commentary was to defend the integrity of historical figures and committees from the accusation of scientific misconduct as presented by Calabrese. Based on his review of the video series and other documents, he provided what he defined as evidence of errors of fact, reasoning, and statistics to support his position. If true, Beyea's work would have the effect of impugning the reputation of Calabrese, myself, and the credibility of the HPS. This response intends to expose the issues with Beyea's commentary, including mischaracterization of Calabrese's work, lack of objectivity, misleading and factually incorrect statements, reliance on secondary sources, ignoring evidence specifically provided in the video series, and failing to address evidence provided in primary-sourced documents that contradict his conclusions. As a result, the reliability of Beyea's commentary is highly compromised, representing a serious lack of scholarship, research, and objectivity such that it should be retracted by Health Physics Journal based on the Committee on Publication Ethics guidelines. The HPS interview-style documentary reflects historical events based on primary-sourced documents as discovered by Calabrese. Scientific debate on this topic is necessary to progress our field, but the debate must be supported by facts with primary-sourced evidence and not driven by outdated public policies, logical fallacies, or ideology.

This study focuses on the cognitive diagnosis (CD) of scientific argumentation ability. A hierarchical model of six cognitive attributes was developed by expert cognitive analysis, utilizing the Toulmin Argument Model and SOLO Taxonomy theory. The research was conducted in two stages: In the first stage, a 33-item diagnostic test was developed based on Q-matrix theory, and the validity of the cognitive model and Q-matrix was verified using data from a sample of 240 tenth-grade students (M age = 15.6 years, SD = 0.72); and in the second stage, through multi-model fitting comparisons, the DINA model was identified as the optimal model, and students' scientific argumentation ability was diagnosed. The diagnostic results demonstrated that the construction of the cognitive model and Q-matrix was valid and the DINA model could effectively diagnose the cognitive structure of scientific argumentation, further constructing students' learning paths and providing empirical evidence for the targeted design of scientific argumentation thinking training. These outcomes transform general ability assessment into diagnosis of specific cognitive components, offering targeted evidence for instructional intervention. Overall, the study provides a reliable theoretical and empirical foundation for the assessment and improvement of scientific argumentation competency.

The influence of candidate cues on voters’ opinion formulation is a subject of ongoing debate in political science. This study examines the 2023 Cyprus presidential elections, when the leading candidates completed the country’s most popular voting advice application live on national television. This unprecedented event created a natural experiment to test how televised disclosure of candidate positions affects alignment between voters and their preferred candidates. Drawing on voting advice application responses across a wide set of policy questions and employing regression discontinuity in time models, we estimate changes in voter–candidate congruence before and after the broadcast. The results show no uniform effect. For Andreas Mavroyiannis, supporters converged toward his progressive and pro-solution profile, particularly on foreign policy, welfare, and Cyprus settlement questions. For Averof Neophytou and Nikos Christodoulides, congruence did not increase consistently; in some cases, divergence emerged, as explicit cues exposed divisions within their heterogeneous or ambivalent coalitions. The findings provide mixed support for the expectation that cues strengthen congruence only on less entrenched issues. Convergence was most evident on novel questions, but divergence also occurred on identity and Cyprus-related issues. The study highlights that candidate cues can foster alignment but can also generate divergence, depending on candidate characteristics, issue polarisation, and coalition heterogeneity.

Nickel allergy remains the most prevalent cause of allergic contact dermatitis worldwide, imposing a substantial socio-epidemiological and economic burden. Beyond its classical cutaneous presentation, systemic nickel allergy syndrome highlights the systemic dimension of Nickel hypersensitivity, wherein dietary nickel intake may provoke both gastrointestinal and cutaneous symptoms through mechanisms involving gut barrier impairment and mucosal immune priming. Recent evidence highlights the contribution of angiogenesis and lymph-angiogenesis to Nickel-induced allergic contact dermatitis, through crosstalk among keratinocytes, mast cells, endothelial cells, and pro-angiogenic mediators such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Against this background, we propose to revisit palmitoylethanolamide, an endogenous ALIAmide with well-documented anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and anti-allergic properties. Already studied in pain and inflammatory disorders and employed in veterinary dermatology, palmitoylethanolamide down-modulates mast cell degranulation, suppresses VEGF expression via PPAR-α/Akt/mTOR signaling, and enhances intestinal barrier integrity, acting as a promising "gatekeeper" molecule that reduces gut hyperpermeability characterizing systemic nickel allergy as well as other gut disorders with systemic consequences. This paper is presented as a viewpoint intended to highlight the untapped therapeutic potential of palmitoylethanolamide, suitable for both oral and topical administration, as a candidate to address the multifactorial pathophysiology of Nickel allergic contact dermatitis and systemic nickel allergy. Our purpose is not to provide definitive answers, but to stimulate scientific debate on its rational use within emerging gut-skin therapeutic strategies. We thus encourage future experimental and clinical studies to explore its potential integration within emerging gut-skin therapeutic paradigms.

The article is devoted to the functioning and development of the interstate association of the most dynamically developing countries - BRICS, which is strengthening its position in the international community, gradually transforming due to the inclusion of new participants in BRICS+. The purpose of the study is to consider and evaluate various scenarios for the expansion of the BRICS format and the gradual transformation of this association into one of the strongest "players" in the international arena. The research involved an interdisciplinary approach combining the political science study of institutions and foreign policy strategies.; an international legal assessment of the forms of cooperation within the framework of BRICS; an economic analysis of international integration processes; as well as a civilizational approach that reveals the value and cultural foundations of interaction between the participants of this interstate association. Methods such as modeling and analogy were also used, with the help of which the authors analyzed and compared the main vectors of expansion of the BRICS format, and considered various scenarios for its expansion. As a result of the research, the authors of the article believe that the expansion of the BRICS, due to various geopolitical and geostrategic interests and emerging political differences among the participating states, may face difficulties in making common decisions on the international agenda. It is concluded that the most optimal is a qualitative rather than quantitative expansion of the BRICS+ format, which should focus on reviewing and developing criteria for obtaining membership status of this interstate association, working out and consolidating the rules of their interaction. Theoretical significance of the study lies in deepening the interdisciplinary scientific debate on the nature and development trajectories of modern international institutions, as well as in developing the conceptual framework for analyzing BRICS+ as a complex phenomenon that integrates economic, political, legal, and civilizational dimensions. Practical significance of the work consists in developing specific recommendations for the political elites and diplomatic agencies of the member states, aimed at optimizing expansion procedures, strengthening the institutional structure, and enhancing the effectiveness of interaction within BRICS+ in the context of increasing geopolitical instability.

ABSTRACT This article examines the discourses and practices surrounding sustainable food within the food transition movement in Liège. More specifically, it addresses the issue of inclusivity – a key aspect of the movement’s local development. On the one hand, the article explores the approach adopted by some local institutions and associations in initiatives that promote sustainable food. On the other hand, it examines the experiences and narratives surrounding sustainable food of a group of migrant women from diverse backgrounds. This dual perspective allows for a critical examination of the rationale behind the food transition process in the city, as well as the challenges and opportunities involved in engaging with a diverse public. The article contributes to the ongoing scientific and societal debates on the inclusivity of sustainable food by presenting two key arguments. Firstly, the analysis of local transition processes has revealed the emergence of a situated approach in the city that nuances the understanding of sustainability and its promotion among the population, thereby shaping specific urban resilience in the process. Secondly, the adoption of an intersectional approach to studying individuals’ experiences of food choice has allowed to show complex meanings of sustainability and the factors influencing the definition of appropriate food.

Abstract The science of humor in persuasion has been examined in many fields, including business, the US Supreme court, and advertising. However, humor is rarely associated with scientific discourse, a discourse which aims to be persuasive and is traditionally viewed as objective. Nonetheless, humor can be found in informal exchanges in popularized science and even more formal settings such as in academic publications. Specifically, this article explores the understudied rhetorical and heuristic functions of humor in the scientific debate about the foundations of quantum mechanics, i.e., the ontological narrative about the nature of the physical reality, a subject typically associated with logos based arguments. We demonstrate our analysis on the case study of a leading physicist, John S. Bell, specifically his famous academic article “Against ’Measurement’” (1990) in which the use of humor is ubiquitous. We apply Olbrechts-Tyteca’s approach to the comic dimensions of disocurse and French discourse analyst Charaudeau’s approach to humor as a discursive strategy to several humorous acts in Bell’s article and show how and why humor is part of the persuasive strategy of his discourse. We argue that humorous processes based on irony, paradox, and parody (among others) are used to disqualify tenets of “orthodox” quantum mechanics and overcome a taboo around debating the foundations of quantum mechanics, thereby fostering scientific progress.

Contemporary biology education increasingly depends on learners’ capacity to interpret evidence, evaluate information quality, and construct explanations collaboratively. A WebQuest—an inquiry-oriented learning format built around curated online resources and a problem-centered task—can function as an instructional carrier for interactive methods if it is designed and facilitated as a coherent system rather than as a web search exercise. This article proposes a mechanism for applying interactive methods in biology teaching based on the WebQuest format and describes how learning outcomes are translated into transformative tasks, how collaboration is structured to ensure epistemic interdependence, how teacher facilitation supports scientific discourse, and how assessment produces valid evidence of both product quality and learning processes. The mechanism is intended for practical classroom use and for research-based analysis of implementation fidelity. Expected outcomes include deeper conceptual understanding of biological mechanisms, improved competence in scientific argumentation, and stronger learner engagement supported by clear roles, structured inquiry steps, and rubric-based evaluation.

Cultivating critical thinking skills in colloidal subjects is difficult due to the intricacy of abstract concepts, even though they are pertinent to daily life. This study seeks to evaluate the efficacy of the Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) learning model in improving high school students' critical thinking skills in colloid science. This pre-experimental study employed a one-group pretest-posttest design with 36 11th-grade science students chosen via purposive sampling. The research instrument comprised an essay test formulated according to Facione’s critical thinking indicators. The findings demonstrated a substantial enhancement in students’ average scores, rising from 32.55 to 75.14, accompanied by a Normalized Gain (N-gain) of 0.635 (moderate). An analysis based on indicators showed that the POE model was best at helping students improve their deduction and inference skills, but it still needed work on helping them figure out how trustworthy information sources are. This study concludes that the POE model is effective in enhancing scientific argumentation; however, it necessitates supplementary scaffolding to fortify students' metacognitive skills in the validation of external information.

A Word from the Organizers Welcome to the Official Book of Abstracts for the 2025 IJCR Global Summit. We are proud to present this collection of scientific works, which formed the intellectual core of our 2025 Summit. Hosted on August 23–24 at the Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), recognized as the premier medical institution in Brazil and Latin America and as a global leader in healthcare, this event gathered the brightest minds in the field. This volume serves as both a historical record and a testament to the innovation driving clinical research forward. The caliber of this year's submissions was truly exceptional. We are pleased to feature 14 abstracts that demonstrate an impeccable standard of research. The diversity of topics reflects our global community and the complex challenges we address together. Engagement during the sessions was equally remarkable, with our jury providing actionable feedback that sparked high-level scientific debate. As you explore these works, you will witness the convergence of discipline, creativity, and rigor. We extend our gratitude to every author; your contributions ensure the IJCR Global Summit remains a beacon of excellence. We hope this collection inspires your future endeavors and fosters new collaborations in the year ahead. Note: Please note that these abstracts appear in their original submission format and have not undergone copyediting, editorial or peer review. Sincerely, The 2025 IJCR Global Summit Conference Directors Dr. Mariana Flaifel, Dr. Peter Samuel, Dr. Heba Sati and Dr. Gregory Nicolas, Chief Executive Officer