Fundamentals of Neurogastroenterology: Basic Science.

The 60th anniversary of the British Nuclear Medicine Society (BNMS) marks a landmark moment in the evolution of nuclear medicine in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1966 at the Prince Alfred Pub, Queensway, London, the BNMS emerged from the pioneering spirit of four clinicians who recognised the transformative potential of radionuclide imaging and therapy. From these beginnings, the Society has grown into a vibrant multiprofessional community, uniting clinicians, scientists, physicists, radiopharmacists, technologists, radiographers, nurses, innovators, and researchers who continue to shape national standards, advance research and education, and champion excellence in patient care. This anniversary celebration reflects on the Society's rich heritage, but it also highlights the rapid technological and scientific advances that have redefined the field, from the early days of rectilinear scanners to state-of-the-art multimodal and new-generation gamma and positron emission tomography (PET) systems, including single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography (SPECT-CT), PET-CT, PET-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI), and the expanding landscape of theranostics. Through national platforms such as the BNMS Research Champions Network, the Molecular Radiotherapy Consortium, the National PET Imaging Platform, and our professional standards activities, the Society continues to drive excellence across the United Kingdom. Looking forward, the BNMS remains committed to innovation, inclusivity, and the continued integration of nuclear medicine within the wider healthcare system. Achieving this vision requires sustained investment in workforce development, infrastructure, and strong government engagement. The 60th Anniversary is both a celebration of past achievements and a call to seize the opportunities ahead, ensuring the UK remains a global leader in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine.

Making waves: One Water quality standardization concept – A leap for sustainable water management

Novel approaches to cardiac rehabilitation delivery, the integration of emerging exercise modalities, and the extension of cardiac rehabilitation principles to additional disease states have the potential to improve care for patients with established and evolving indications. This review summarizes recent advances in hybrid and home-based cardiac rehabilitation, digital and behavioral technologies, innovative exercise strategies, and the application of cardiac rehabilitation to broader patient populations. Technology-enabled cardiac rehabilitation models - including hybrid delivery, remote monitoring, wearables, gamification, and behavioral-economic nudges - demonstrate promise in improving participation, adherence, and engagement. Concurrently, newer exercise modalities offer more personalized and physiologically targeted programs. Evidence supports expanding cardiac rehabilitation to additional clinical populations, including individuals with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and cardio-oncology, and demonstrates meaningful benefits in older and frail adults, with improvements in exercise capacity, symptoms, and quality of life. Advances in digital health, behavioral science, and exercise physiology are increasingly reshaping cardiac rehabilitation, moving beyond traditional, center-based models toward more flexible, patient-centered, and data-enabled approaches to cardiovascular care. Further research is needed to refine implementation, evaluate long-term outcomes, and ensure equitable access. Integrating novel exercise modalities with technology-enabled and behavioral approaches may help modernize cardiac rehabilitation and extend its therapeutic reach.

Design and synthesis of fluorescent calix[4]arene-1,8-Naphthalimide derivatives: Transparent biofilms, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and real-samples applications.

Harnessing cyclodextrins for enhanced CO2 management: Recent advances and perspectives for sustainable applications.

Violence is preventable, and the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals set out violence prevention as a global priority-calling for countries to halve their violent death rates by 2030. Despite action since then, there has been limited progress in reducing violence globally. In this essay, we argue that current violence prevention efforts are being heavily shaped by reductionism-the now-dominant research paradigm across the sciences. We make the case that this reductionist philosophy has prematurely misguided violence research away from studying populations as a whole. We further argue that the mainstream statistical methods in violence research are reinforcing this reductionist bias by oversimplifying cause-effect relationships. After revisiting foundational principles in sociology and public health, and drawing on advances in social epidemiology and complexity science, we suggest that violence-at any level-is better understood as an emergent property of a complex system. We call on the field of violence research to return to a holistic lens to maximize gains in explanatory theory and better position the evidence to directly inform effective intervention strategies for reducing violence at scale. (Am J Public Health. 2026;116(5):722-731. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2025.308366).

Durability-informed life cycle assessment of concrete through machine learning for service life prediction

Over the past several decades, cure rates for paediatric hematologic malignancies have improved due to advances in cancer therapy. However, numerous obstacles limit the therapeutic efficacy of paediatric solid tumours, including the tumour's immunosuppressive microenvironment and the lack of specific tumour antigens for targeted therapy. Cancer vaccines, a form of immunotherapy, have been under development for more than half a century. Advances in immunology, materials science, sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have revolutionised cancer vaccine development, achieving substantial success in the prevention and treatment of solid tumours. Despite these achievements, the application of cancer vaccines developed for adults is not fully transferable to paediatric solid tumours because of differences in immune status and metabolic capacity. In clinical practice, most solid tumour vaccines designed for adults are applied directly to paediatric patients without modifications tailored to the unique features of the paediatric immune system. Limited attention has been given to designing cancer vaccines with improved efficacy and reduced toxicity for children and infants. This review discusses paediatric solid tumour vaccines from the immune system against tumour to different antigen types of cancer vaccines, illustrating the unique cancer-immunity cycle of young people and some potential strategies for vaccine modification. Additionally, it discusses the application of paediatric solid tumour vaccines through clinical trial data for conditions such as neuroblastoma, brain tumours and sarcomas. Challenges and potential solutions for enhancing vaccine efficacy, minimising side effects and broadening clinical applications are also addressed.

Poultry production sciences play a strategic role in enhancing food security and meeting the growing global demand for animal protein, while also contributing to sustainability. Understanding and leveraging consumer behaviors enables the development of flexible and sustainable production systems capable of effectively adapting to social changes and future market needs. This study aims to explore the strategic role of poultry production sciences in shaping the future of global food security and achieving sustainable development. A descriptive methodology was adopted, based on a systematic review of peer-reviewed literature, international reports from relevant organizations, and an analysis of global case studies. Studies were included if they examined the role of poultry production in meeting consumer demands and promoting sustainability. Studies not related to higher education or production contexts, or lacking methodological rigor or empirical evidence, were excluded. The findings indicate that integrating scientific research, applied education, and insights into consumer behavior enables poultry science programs to align graduates' skills with market demands, optimize production strategies, and enhance innovation, resilience, and sustainability across the sector. Additionally, Poultry science programs are a fundamental driver of scientific and technological advancement, linking research outcomes with market trends and consumer behavior, developing specialized human capital, and supporting evidence-based policymaking to enhance the resilience of global food systems. The study also emphasizes the importance of understanding consumer behavior as a strategic tool that enables producers, decision-makers, and agricultural policymakers to translate these insights into innovative and sustainable production practices, thereby boosting competitiveness, meeting future demand, and maintaining a balance between profitability, quality, and social and environmental responsibility. Moreover, the study recommends fostering collaboration among policymakers, producers, and academic institutions through joint initiatives and measurable monitoring systems to develop forward-looking strategies and awareness programs, thereby embedding resilience and sustainability as core pillars for the long-term advancement of the global poultry industry.

Applications of Bacteriophages in Meat Products to Control Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms: Current Advances and Challenges.

Healthcare systems face a growing challenge: as technology advances, patients increasingly feel like data points in systems that prioritise efficiency over empathy. This paper addresses the global healthcare crisis of disconnection, arguing that fundamental change requires putting human experience at the centre through Caring Science principles in nursing. COVID-19 clearly revealed this disconnect. While showcasing scientific advances, it exposed gaps in compassionate care and fair access globally. Nurses struggled to maintain human connection while dealing with resource shortages and isolation protocols, proving that advanced medical treatments alone cannot address the physical, emotional, spiritual, and social factors that influence health. This work draws on peer-reviewed studies, contemporary research, and theories of human caring to demonstrate the global responsibility and urgent need for integrating caring practices into healthcare systems. Collectively, this evidence underscores both the necessity of intervention and the effectiveness of Caring Science as a strategy for transforming organisational practices while highlighting a pressing truth: healthcare systems worldwide must move beyond efficiency alone and intentionally weave caring practices into their structures. This analysis examines Caring Science through three key areas: Relational, Organisational, and Global. Using Watson's Theory of Human Caring and current research, the paper shows how caring relationships can improve through thoughtful use of innovation. Recent healthcare improvements demonstrate promising results when technology integration enhances both nurse empowerment and patient outcomes within frameworks that prioritise human connection. Future directions position Caring Science as a mature, evidence-informed framework for addressing healthcare's complex challenges. The paper calls for 'sacred activism'-a commitment to protecting caring's essential dimensions while embracing beneficial innovation, positioning nursing to lead healthcare transformation through both the art and science of nursing that honours human dignity.

Phase II of MVP-CHAMPION, a federal collaboration between the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System (VA) and the Department of Energy (DoE), leveraged large-scale clinical, geo-spatial, and genetic data with state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI), and high-performance computing (HPC) to improve value in healthcare. Eight clinical priority projects for which AI was a critical missing capability were initiated to address: lung cancer screening (MVP 061), suicide risk screening (MVP 062), cardiovascular risk in obstructive sleep apnea (MVP 063), checkpoint inhibitor toxicity (MVP 064), heart failure (MVP 065), renal complications in diabetes (MVP 066), post COVID-19 sequelae (MVP 067), and antipsychotic medication toxicity (MVP 068). Building on a strong regulatory and administrative foundation, we developed multimorbidity-aware analytic frameworks, reusable computational tools, and analytic pipelines. These greatly facilitated identification of novel risk factors including genetic variants and specification of more discriminating prediction models. Novel genetic risk factors are informing development and repurposing of medications and discriminating prediction models promise to improve healthcare value. The research foundation developed in Phase I and extended in Phase II of MVP CHAMPION has supported an unprecedented federal collaboration and yielded significant scientific advances. Our clinical findings are poised for near-term application, while advances in machine learning and high-performance computing may accelerate the broader adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare. This maturing VA-DoE federal collaboration is poised to transform the future of Veterans' healthcare and the broader national landscape of precision health.

Aim: To analyze the effect of various form of exercise Interventions on the Hormonal and Reproductive Parameters of Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS). Purpose: Polycystic ovarian syndrome is endocrine disorder, heterogeneous in nature which can manifest with reproductive, cardiometabolic, psychological and dermatological symptoms. Lifestyle modifications are early treatment strategies where exercise training and diet are first line of therapy. Various forms of exercises such as aerobic training, resistance training, aquatic therapy, Pilates are being practiced which help in reducing and controlling the symptoms of PCOS. All these exercises are being done at different intensities, volume and are seen to have a varying effect on the reproductive and hormonal parameters. Varied forms of exercise are available that can be practiced by women with PCOS but lack of motivation and adherence to exercise is observed. The purpose of literature review is to understand and identify which form of exercises have a better influence and helps in controlling the hormones and other reproductive parameters. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review was conducted by utilising PubMed, Google scholar, MEDLINE, and EBSCOHOST. The search strategy included recent RCT, s (randomized control trail) from 2020 to 2025 to capture the most current scientific understanding and advancements in the field. Total 11 Randomized controlled trails are reviewed. Conclusion: Recent evidence demonstrates that diverse variety of exercise modalities including resistance, aerobic, high-intensity interval training offer distinct advantages. Combined training protocols and vigorous intensity appear to yield the most comprehensive benefits across both metabolic and reproductive parameters, suggesting a synergistic effect of varied exercise stimuli. Significant reductions in androgens, a decrease in Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), crucial increase in Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) is seen with HIIT and combined protocols. Yoga when performed for 3months regularly has also shown improvement in the overall hormonal profile with marked improvement in Antimullerian hormone (AMH).

Multichannel ice-penetrating radar systems can be used to generate radar volumes: three-dimensional data structures that capture variability in backscattering intensity as a function of along-track position, two-way travel time and elevation angle. By digitizing surfaces within these data volumes, the production of wide-area, fine-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) of the ice-bottom interface (measured through kilometres of ice) is now possible. This paper reviews this technique ('radar swath imaging'), explores its methodological principles, describes its operational requirements and highlights recent scientific advances enabled by radar swath imaging. Observations of glacier and substrate morphology and physical properties inferred from swath data have already been used to improve our understanding of ice-shelf melt, basal sliding and subglacial sediment and water transport. Lessons learned from these initial surveys should inform future data collection strategies, so that radar swath imaging can be deployed in the most productive way possible during upcoming major field campaigns, including the Fifth International Polar Year and beyond. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Next generation ice-sheet bed measurements'.

Biodegradable polymers are increasingly recognized as key enablers of sustainable additive manufacturing (AM), offering a unique combination of environmental degradability, tunable mechanical performance, and compatibility across diverse printing platforms. This review examines recent advances in the molecular design, composite formulation, and 3D printing of biodegradable thermoplastics, including PLA, PCL, PBAT, and PBS, across major AM platforms such as fused deposition modeling (FDM), direct ink writing (DIW), and digital light processing (DLP). Particular emphasis is placed on structure–property–function–degradation relationships that influence rheological behavior, interlayer adhesion, mechanical anisotropy, and life cycle performance. Material engineering strategies, including polymer blending, reactive compatibilization, nanofiller reinforcement, and platform-specific parameter optimization, are critically examined for their capacity to enhance print fidelity and enable precise control over degradation kinetics. Representative applications in biomedical scaffolds, controlled drug delivery systems, agricultural devices, and compostable packaging demonstrate how deliberate material-process integration can achieve both functional performance and temporally programmed degradation. Furthermore, sustainable design paradigms, such as design for degradation, life cycle synchronization, topology-driven material minimization, and circular manufacturing frameworks, are discussed as essential for transitioning AM from rapid prototyping to responsible large-scale production. Despite substantial progress, challenges remain in mechanical robustness, material standardization, and end-of-life infrastructure. Addressing these limitations will require coordinated advances in polymer chemistry, processing science, and life cycle engineering to establish truly circular, high-performance biodegradable AM systems.

Collagen VI–related myopathies (COL6-RM) encompass a broad clinical spectrum of inherited neuromuscular disorders ranging from severe Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy to milder Bethlem myopathy, caused by pathogenic variants in COL6A1, COL6A2, and COL6A3. The pathogenic disruptions in collagen VI compromise extracellular matrix stability, impair autophagic flux, promote mitochondrial permeability transition, and alter fibroblast–myofiber signaling. These disorders are characterized by proximal muscle weakness, joint contractures, distal hyperlaxity, and respiratory compromise. Advances in basic science have revealed that collagen VI deficiency disrupts extracellular matrix (ECM) integrity, impairs autophagy, induces mitochondrial dysfunction, and alters the myomatrix microenvironment, collectively driving progressive muscle degeneration. Diagnosis relies on a multimodal approach that integrates clinical assessment with muscle MRI, histopathology, and next-generation sequencing. Management remains largely supportive; however, emerging strategies, including autophagy enhancers, mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) inhibitors, extracellular matrix–targeting agents, and genebased therapies show promise for disease modification. Advances in molecular biology have reshaped the understanding of COL6-RM and opened new avenues for targeted treatment. Robust natural history studies and biomarker development are needed to accelerate translational progress. The objective is to synthesize current evidence regarding pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic modalities, and evolving therapeutic approaches in COL6-RM. This review integrates and synthesizes findings from molecular pathogenesis, diagnostic tools, clinical spectrum, imaging studies, and evolving management while highlighting future therapeutic directions with emphasis on recent mechanisms involving extracellular matrix dysfunction, autophagy impairment, mitochondrial dysregulation, and myomatrix remodeling.

Despite advances in transplantation science, a persistent shortage of donor lungs continues to limit access to life-saving lung transplants. The Lung Donor (LUNDON) Acceptability Score is a validated tool that predicts donor lung utilization and post-transplant recipient outcomes, but integration into practice remains limited. This study will evaluate determinants of LUNDON score adoption, its impact on clinical decision-making, and develop tools to support its implementation. This is a multi-aim mixed-methods pre-implementation study that will be conducted across U.S. Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs) and lung transplant centers. Aim 1 will identify barriers and facilitators of LUNDON score adoption through surveys (n = 242 participants) and interviews (n = 60 participants) of OPO and transplant providers. Aims 2 and 3 will evaluate the impact of the LUNDON score on donor management and organ acceptance using simulation-based experiments with OPO coordinators, OPO clinical leadership, transplant pulmonologists, and transplant surgeons (n = 120 total). Aim 4 will synthesize findings to develop and pilot implementation toolkits across three OPOs and three transplant centers. Two implementation frameworks [the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF)] will guide data collection and analysis, integrating quantitative and qualitative findings. Findings from this collaborative, nationally supported study involving partners from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and the national lung transplant community will inform the development of toolkits to support LUNDON score adoption in clinical practice, with the goal of reducing variation in donor management and increasing donor lung utilization. Future studies will explore the effect of LUNDON score adoption on donor lung utilization and recipient outcomes.

Knots, links, and entangled filaments appear in many physical systems in biology and engineering and their structural complexity is related to their function. In the context of emerging AI capabilities in predicting new physical structures, as well as in assisting mathematical proofs, the efficient computation of topological invariants and other metrics of entanglement becomes a considerable barrier to scientific advances. The computation of common measures of topological complexity, such as the Jones polynomial, is #P-hard and of exponential time on the number of crossings in a knot(oid) (link(oid)) diagram. In this paper, we introduce a parallel algorithm for the exact computation of the Jones polynomial for (collections of) both open and closed simple curves in 3-space. We prove that this algorithm enables the exponential reduction of the computational time depending on the number of processors. We demonstrate the advantage of this algorithm by applying it to knots, as well as to systems of linear polymers in a melt obtained from molecular dynamics simulations. The method is general and might be applicable to other invariants and measures of complexity.

Climate change poses an escalating threat to global water resources, with semi-arid regions such as Morocco being particularly vulnerable due to high climatic variability and limited adaptive capacity. In these regions, including the Tassaoute watershed in central Morocco, data scarcity and uncertainties related to data availability and quality frequently hinder robust assessments of climate change impacts. Recent advances in data science and remote sensing offer promising alternatives to overcome these limitations. This study investigates the potential of the PERSIANN-CDR satellite-derived precipitation product for assessing climate change impacts on water resources. The capability of PERSIANN-CDR to reproduce observed precipitation patterns and associated hydrological responses is evaluated through a comparative analysis using observed precipitation data. Results indicate that PERSIANN-CDR generally underestimates peak precipitation events and total rainfall amounts compared to in situ observations. Runoff is simulated using two hydrological models: GR2M (Génie Rural 2 parameters Mensuel) and the Thornthwaite water balance method, both driven by observed meteorological data and PERSIANN-CDR precipitation. The future water availability was assessed using 5 climate models, under two scenarios: RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for the periods 2030–2060 and 2061–2090. Results show a marked temperature increase of 2–3 °C across all models, accompanied by a general decline in precipitation ranging from −30% to −60% under RCP4.5 and −20% to −80% under RCP8.5. These climatic changes translate into substantial reductions in runoff, with stronger decreases projected under the high-emission scenario and during the dry season. Monthly analyses reveal pronounced seasonal contrasts, highlighting the increased sensitivity of low-flow periods to climate forcing. Overall, runoff is projected to decrease by 50–90%, with model and data-source differences highlighting the importance of multi-model and satellite-derived approaches in data-sparse regions. These results emphasize the utility of satellite precipitation datasets in guiding climate-adaptive water management strategies.