Speech Science Research Articles

Implementing Transparency in Learning and Teaching in Higher Ed in Speech Science Coursework: A Tutorial

Purpose: Transparent Instruction in Learning and Teaching in Higher Ed (TILT Higher Ed) is an evidence-based teaching method that can be used in Speech Science teaching to facilitate success of all learners. In addition, TILT Higher Ed has been found to provide an inclusive learning environment and promote belonging in the classroom context. Conclusions: The goal of this tutorial is to provide background information, a rationale, and a guide for implementation of the core principles of TILT Higher Ed into Speech Science coursework, which includes Transparent Assessment Design and Transparent Teaching Methods. A case will also be made for an overall shift of increased use of inclusive teaching methods within undergraduate communication sciences and disorders courses.

Making Spectrograms Fun and Functional

Purpose: This tutorial provides multiple examples of how to incorporate the use of spectrograms in an undergraduate speech science course in an exciting, functional way. Incorporating spectrograms into foundational coursework provides an opportunity to create engagement within the classroom, fosters deductive reasoning skills within students, and encourages the synthetization of multiple concepts typically taught within the speech-language pathology curricula. Examples are presented in order of increasing difficulty and can easily be adapted to meet students' needs and interests. Conclusion: The following activities involving spectrograms are intended to assist anyone who is new to teaching speech science concepts or looking to update their current courses in ways that inspire critical thinking and excitement within their students.

Speech production and perception data collection in R: A tutorial for web-based methods using speechcollectr.

This tutorial is designed for speech scientists familiar with the R programming language who wish to construct experiment interfaces in R. We begin by discussing some of the benefits of building experiment interfaces in R-including R's existing tools for speech data analysis, platform independence, suitability for web-based testing, and the fact that R is open source. We explain basic concepts of reactive programming in R, and we apply these principles by detailing the development of two sample experiments. The first of these experiments comprises a speech production task in which participants are asked to read words with different emotions. The second sample experiment involves a speech perception task, in which participants listen to recorded speech and identify the emotion the talker expressed with forced-choice questions and confidence ratings. Throughout this tutorial, we introduce the new R package speechcollectr, which provides functions uniquely suited to web-based speech data collection. The package streamlines the code required for speech experiments by providing functions for common tasks like documenting participant consent, collecting participant demographic information, recording audio, checking the adequacy of a participant's microphone or headphones, and presenting audio stimuli. Finally, we describe some of the difficulties of remote speech data collection, along with the solutions we have incorporated into speechcollectr to meet these challenges.

I Am Become Data: Lytle Shaw's Narrowcast and the Era of Machine Listening

Abstract Engaging with Lytle Shaw's Narrowcast: Poetry Audio Research as a point of departure and persistent interlocutor, this essay argues that new digital methods of studying recordings of poets as speech share common ground with the speech science used in insidious practices of state-sponsored surveillance. It extends Shaw's argument, which focuses on poetry audio in the 1960s, into the current moment to highlight how the work of digital humanists working with sound is liable to misappropriation. Machine listening, a practice used to parse thousands of hours of audio in condensed periods of time, is increasingly being used to study poetry recordings, and it fundamentally reorders traditional modes of reading/listening. Such practices also move the line between signal and noise, changing the threshold between audiotext and paratext. Poetry scholars interested in sound need to attune their ears to ways of listening that leverage machinic prostheses and to be aware of the dangers that come with such newfound abilities.

Quality of life and eating behavior of patients indicated and undergoing bariatric surgery/gastroplasty

Objective: to describe and compare the quality of life, socioeconomic/cultural characteristics and eating behavior of individuals indicated and undergoing bariatric surgery/gastroplasty. Method: cross-sectional descriptive study, with 154 individuals, divided into three groups: 32 in the pre-surgical period (Group 1), 68 in the post-surgical period of up to one year (Group 2), and 54 in the post-surgical period greater than one year (Group 3).The participants responded electronically to the instruments/questionnaires: 1) Identification form; 2) Questionnaire on dietary behavior and the anatomofunctional conditions of the stomatognatic system; 3) World Health Organization's Abbreviated Quality of Life Assessment - WHOQOL-bref. Results: most participants, general and by groups, were in the fourth decade of life, were female, married, Catholic, seeking health/quality of life/self-esteem as motivation for the surgical procedure. Surgery in the private sector prevailed, and the Bypass was the most performed surgery. The groups differ in relation to the amount of food consumed, the ability to taste the food, chewing, and knowledge about speech therapy. For all domains and total outcome of the quality of life instrument, there was a statistically significant difference between the groups, and this difference was applied to the comparison between G1 and G2 (p=0.00) and G1 and G3 (p=0.00). Individuals who consider themselves overweight present average lower scores for the Physical, Psychological domains and total result of the instrument. Conclusion: Individuals of G1 present worse results in relation to: 1) quality of life when compared to those of G2 and G3; 2) food behavior in general when compared to those of G2 and G3, mainly in relation to: amount of food consumed per meal, taste of food, chewing and knowledge of speech science.

Реч и речезнание – предмет и опит за описание на науката

Speech as a gift of nature acquired by homo sapiens (‘wise man’ in Latin) in the process of communicative interaction is an indisputable phenomenon of paramount importance, which in turn justifies the interest of scientists in this type of homo loquens’ (speaking man) activity as a behavioral manifestation of personality. Oral speech offers a vast amount of information for describing communication since it signals discrete sequences of ‘digital’ information on the one hand, while providing additional ‘analogue’ information about the speaking person, on the other. This means that everyday speech in its real use contains speech features related to various speakers who take part in the process of communication. Speech is the material substance which explicates the concrete representation of discourse as it happens in real time, and exists as discourse special dimension in relation to human mind. Human speech can be characterised as a complex set of elements of prosody, which could be divided into the following main groups related to the sound and its time, pitch, force and timbre. The acoustic and perceptual-auditory continuity of speech has become a cornerstone for describing the process of speech in time when solving many practical tasks, since the sounding oral message represents a continuous flow of air waves separated by pauses. The wave-like nature of speech makes it possible to recognise in the structure of the spoken message simultaneous components, just like in a musical cord one can recognise the simultaneous tones of which it is composed. Therefore, the task of developing a special separate research area, called speech science, becomes logical and necessary.

Acoustic indicators of voice quality in the context of social support

Is social support communicated throught the subtle, yet powerful, acoustic variations in speech? This study attempted to answer this question by testing whether acoustic parameters vary when expressing social support. Participants underwent an experiment in which they watched video testimonials of a woman describing either a neutral subject or a sensitive, emotionally-charged experience. After this, participants provided voice messages to the person appearing in the testimony. Employing the openSMILE toolkit, we extracted from these speech responses the Geneva Minimalistic Acoustic Parameter Set (GeMAPS), a set of emotion-related acoustic features. Our investigation reveals an acoustic profile characteristic of supportive speech, distinguished by changes in the Alpha ratio, spectral slope, and the Hammarberg index — parameters representing the high-frequency content and spectral balance. These acoustic differences not only help to differentiate supportive utterances but also characterize its voice quality, thereby enhancing the emotional richness of this affective stance. Our research findings have potential applications in therapeutic and communication settings and open avenues for further exploration in speech science.

An Approach to Explaining Formants

Purpose: This tutorial is a description of a possible approach to teaching the concept of formants to students in a speech science course, at either the undergraduate or graduate level. The approach is to explain formants as prominent regions of energy in the output spectrum envelope radiated at the lips, and how they arise as the superposition of vocal tract resonances on a source signal. Standing waves associated with vocal tract resonances are briefly explained and standing wave animations are provided. Animations of the temporal variation of the vocal tract, vocal tract resonances, spectra, and spectrograms, along with audio samples are included to provide dynamic demonstrations of the concept of formants. Conclusions: The explanations, accompanying demonstrations, and suggested activities are intended to provide a launching point for understanding formants and how they can be measured, analyzed, and interpreted. As a result, participants should be able to describe the meaning of the term “formant” as it relates to a spectrum and a spectrogram, explain the difference between formants and vocal tract resonances, explain how vocal tract resonances combined with the voice source generate formants, and identify formants in both narrow-band and wide-band spectrograms and track their time-varying patterns with a formant tracking algorithm. Supplemental Material: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25168202

Speech Science as the Foundation for Voice and Motor Speech Disorders

Purpose: Physiological concepts can be effectively taught in speech science. These will serve as the foundation for understanding the physiological changes associated with neurogenic and voice disorders. In this tutorial, relevant concepts are highlighted across the respiratory, phonatory, velopharyngeal, and articulatory systems. Student activities and illustrative videos are presented. The culminating activity is based on a speech sample of an individual with moderate flaccid–spastic dysarthria. Students relate the physiological changes associated with dysarthria to the acoustic outcomes. Conclusions: Although traditionally speech science focuses on acoustics, this tutorial provides guidance on shaping the class to highlight the physiology underlying the acoustics. In this manner, students more easily see the clinical relevance.

Efficacy Study for Co-Teaching in Practices in Rhetoric and Natural Sciences

Abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of the co-teaching practices for Scientific Presentations in the study programmes physics and material science at the Centre for Competence Development (ZfbK) at the Justus Liebig University Giessen. These practices focus on the link between subject-specific and speech science teaching content. The 40 students were required to investigate a current research topic in the field of physics or material science and then hold two presentations on this topic that had been recorded on video. In addition to the supervision provided by researchers from the natural sciences, the students participated in rhetorical training in which the focus was on the importance of self-perception and external perception when giving presentations. Each student received feedback on their speaking skills and the content they presented, as well as feedback on their video recordings. On the basis of questionnaires on speaking skills and a fear of speaking in public, as well as evaluations of the presentations completed by internal and external examiners (researchers from the natural sciences and speech scientists), it was possible to show in a pre- and post-comparison that students significantly improved their presentation skills (self-assessment: p = 0.01; external evaluation: p < 0.05). The results of the questionnaire of Speech anxiety was´nt significant (p = 0.07). Keywords: rhetoric, natural sciences, teaching practices, co-teaching, effectiveness. Rhetoric and Communications Journal, issue 58, January 2024

Analisis Tindak Tutur Ekspresif pada Video “Learning by Googling” di dalam Kanal Youtube Sepulang Sekolah

Pragmatics is a field of linguistics that examines the relationship between speech acts between speakers and speech partners. In the study of pragmatics, there are many forms of speech acts and one of them is illocutionary speech acts. Illocutionary speech acts are further divided into several parts and one of them is expressive speech acts which researchers discuss in this study. This research aims to describe various theories regarding expressive speech acts, classify various types of expressive speech acts contained in the Learning by Googling video collection, and explain the forms of various types of speech acts contained in the Learning by Googling video collection. Researchers used two approaches, namely theoretical and methodological approaches. The theoretical approach that researchers use in this research is pragmatic because the topic is pragmatic studies, while the methodological approach that researchers use is a qualitative descriptive approach. The object of study used in this research is a collection of Learning by Googling videos on the Sepulang Sekolah YouTube channel. Researchers in collecting or collecting data use free listening and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique is the matching technique. The matching technique or method is a technique or method used to identify the impact of the speaker's speech on the speech partner. Furthermore, in presenting the data the researcher used informal techniques. This article contains the results of research regarding the study of expressive speech acts which are applied to the study objects that researchers use and in which there are several forms of expressive speech, including praising, blaming, and criticizing. The benefit of this research is to provide knowledge about expressive speech acts that often occur in everyday life. It is hoped that readers will know and understand the science of expressive speech acts and can be a reference for writers of articles regarding expressive speech acts.

Classical Teaching of Rhetoric in Russian Philological Tradition (18th — First Half of the 19th Century)

The article presents a historical and critical review of the classical teaching of rhetoric as the science and art of speech in the Russian philological tradition of the 18th — first half of the 19th centuries. A description of this experience of rhetoric as “the science of inventing, arranging and expressing thoughts” can give a lot to a modern scholar and teacher, since today’s educational practice largely uses ancient classical methods and techniques in organizing verbal and speech education. The authors present information about rhetoric in Ancient Rus’, when there were no rhetoric textbooks, but active oratorical activity was carried out; the first rhetoric textbooks of the 17th century and the time of Peter the Great with their practical advice and recommendations for constructing a speech; describes “means for acquiring eloquence” by Mikhail V. Lomonosov, which, as it turns out, were based on their predecessors, rhetoric manuals of Peter’s times; in our first higher educational institutions, for example, Moscow University, “eloquence” was taught primarily, and at the beginning of the 19th century, “literature” reigned and the peak of Russian rhetoric flourished in the first years of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where Nikolai F. Koshansky was teaching. The modern world of the Russian Word cannot be imagined without this historical and cultural tradition, in the study of which much remains to be done, but without the support of which it is impossible to realize creativity in modern Russian speech. Materials related to teaching rhetoric can provide a lot of useful advice and recommendations to the modern teacher and student regarding both the rules of speaking and the education of a speaker. Th us, Old Believer rhetoricians give specific advice on personality formation and pronunciation rules; Lomonosov offers classical “means of acquiring eloquence,” interpreting them in an original way for the Russian audience, and the pinnacle of rhetorical education should be the lessons of N. F. Koshansky at the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, who recommended reading, reflection and practical exercises.

Real-time speech MRI datasets with corresponding articulator ground-truth segmentations

The use of real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rt-MRI) of speech is increasing in clinical practice and speech science research. Analysis of such images often requires segmentation of articulators and the vocal tract, and the community is turning to deep-learning-based methods to perform this segmentation. While there are publicly available rt-MRI datasets of speech, these do not include ground-truth (GT) segmentations, a key requirement for the development of deep-learning-based segmentation methods. To begin to address this barrier, this work presents rt-MRI speech datasets of five healthy adult volunteers with corresponding GT segmentations and velopharyngeal closure patterns. The images were acquired using standard clinical MRI scanners, coils and sequences to facilitate acquisition of similar images in other centres. The datasets include manually created GT segmentations of six anatomical features including the tongue, soft palate and vocal tract. In addition, this work makes code and instructions to implement a current state-of-the-art deep-learning-based method to segment rt-MRI speech datasets publicly available, thus providing the community and others with a starting point for developing such methods.

Transgression in the Theory of Textual Linguistics: Doctor Ahmad Mohammad Abdul-Radhi's Theory of the Science of Speech

This paper deals with an important topic of thecontemporary textual linguistics and its associations on ArabicSyntax. It tries to rid the theoretical discourse of the textuallinguistics of its condemnation of the linguistic heritage. Thepaper focuses first on transgression for being a pivotal issue inwhich the textual linguistics established its two mostimportant theoretical approaches, namely (transgression of thesentence limits). The study, then, deals with the Arabian reactionfacing these two approaches. The re-action started atthe hands of Dr. Ahmad Mohammad Abdul-Radhi in his bookTowards the Text: between Originality and Modernism, wherehe argues that Arabic syntax should be the syntax of speechrather than the sentence, through a view which aims at givingsyntax its due of importance and in this concern he is againstthe label of transgression.

Addressing diversity in speech science courses

The study of how speech is produced, transmitted, and perceived is a critical component in the curriculum of multiple disciplines—linguistics, communication science and disorders, cognitive science, and speech technology all rely on a fundamental understanding of speech science. Pedagogy in speech science across these disciplines has a rich history of experiential learning techniques. Despite being at the forefront of pedagogical innovations, speech science courses have lagged in terms of their representation of cultural and linguistic diversity in the classroom. Many speech scientists understand that linguistic diversity is a part of all human language systems. However, in our experience, relatively few courses involve the purposeful inclusion of multiple language varieties throughout the course across all topics. The goal of this paper is to highlight how to be more inclusive in teaching speech science.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF THE THEORY OF REAL MONOIDIOM DESCRIPTION

The article deals with the description of the linguistics of speech and its theoretical justification can be based on the main conceptual principles of the metalanguage of monosyllabic description, which includes the main concepts of the theory of real description. Metalanguage is used in applied linguistics to describe other natural languages, and, in the author’s opinion, individual utterances as well. In idiomology as a science of speech, linguistic data constitute a certain monosyllabic linguarie, which distinguishes the metalanguage of its description from dialectological or other types of linguistic terminology, thereby positioning the specificity of describing speech as a real language system in the context of highly organized conceptual approaches to the language system. The problems of metalanguage monosyllabic description are outlined, which are in the lens of modern theoretical and methodological linguistic paradigms, because metalanguage is also considered the language of linguistics, which is characterized by a complete set and classification of linguistic knowledge. At the same time, the concept of metalanguage is expanded in dialectology and specified in the context of linguistics, focusing on the monosyllabic description of speech. The novelty of the speech description lies in the fact that it is based on a monosyllabic linguarie, which is a complex process of scientific and cognitive activity in the modern linguistic paradigm. The metalanguage of monosyllabic description needs to update the system of basic principles and special methods of linguistic research, the methodology of speech description according to a clearly planned organization and research apparatus. The emphasis on the importance of the analysis of colloquialism lies in the composition of the metalanguage of the monosyllabic description, which contains central and universal categories that can be used in the study of various language systems: general linguistic terms and concepts (speaker, colloquial speaker), as well as supplemented and clarified methodological concepts of the monosyllabic linguistic description: spoken community, spoken com- munication, spoken language. A complete presentation of the metalanguage of the monolingual description of the linguarium can be seen in the glossary of the metalanguage of the description for the speech language system.

Looking within events: Examining internal temporal structure with local relative rate

This paper describes a method for quantifying temporally local variation in the relative rates of speech signals, based on warping curves obtained from dynamic time warping. Although the use of dynamic time warping for signal alignment is well established in speech science, its use to estimate local rate variation is quite rare. Here we introduce an extension of the local relative rate method that supports the quantification of variability in local relative rate, both within and across a set of events. We show how measures of temporal variation derived from this analysis method can be used to characterize the internal temporal structure of events. In order to achieve this, we first provide an overview of the standard dynamic time warping algorithm. We then introduce the local relative rate measure and describe our extensions, applying them to an articulatory and acoustic dataset of consonant-vowel-consonant syllable productions.

Machine learning for voice and speech science

Machine Learning is a subfield of artificial intelligence that enables computers to learn patterns or models from data and improve with experience without programming explicitly. In traditional programming, to perform any task, the programmer provides the input data and the model (logic or algorithm) to the computer. The computer (program) then applies the input data to the model and obtains the output. On the contrary, the goal of machine learning is to develop the model (algorithm) to perform a task, given both data and expected output from the model as inputs.

THE ASH'ARI ROOTING FOR THE ATTRIBUTES OF DIVINE MEANINGS ... IMAM AL-JUWAYNI AS A MODEL, IN THE LIGHT OF HIS BOOK WITH SHINING OF EVIDENCE IN THE RULES AND BELIEFS OF THE SUNNIS


 
 
 
 Research summary that ::
 1- Imam Al-Juwaini is one of the imams of the Sunnis and the community. Ash'ari's doctrine Shafi’i school of thought studied many students in his time and was famous for his request for knowledge and the abundance of his works in most of the legal sciences, especially the science of speech.
 2- The topics of the book (Shining of Evidence in the Rules and Doctrines of the People of the Sunnah) came sequential and continuous, as the talk began about the world and its occurrence to reach the existence and introduction of Allah Almighty, then he moved on to talk about Allah Almighty and his attributes.
 3- Ash'ari went on to say that the moral or mental attributes of Allah are confined to seven attributes, and they differed on the characteristic of survival and have been proven by the evidence of reason (which is that he is alive, knowledgeable, capable, desirous, hearing, speaking, remaining).
 4- In a very clear way, the Al-Juwayni approach appears, as Abu Al-Ma’ali demonstrated these qualities mentioned in the book and it is true of the Sunnah, even that which was fixed in the news of the ones without mentioning what was often mingled around him, which is known as the mental opponent.
 5- Al-Juwayni chose that survival is due to the same continuous existence without more meaning, and the reason for this is that the mind sees that if this path does not follow, we should describe the eternal qualities as remaining, then we prove to it survival and the context of this saying is carried out to the meaning in the meaning
 
 
 
 
 6- The teams of the Kharijites, the Mu'tazilites, the Jahmiyyah and the Al-Muruja deny all the characteristics of Allah Almighty.

Addressing diversity in speech science curricula

A fundamental understanding of speech science is a critically important component in fields such as linguistics, communication disorders and sciences, cognitive science, and speech technology. Therefore, courses in speech communication are integral to the undergraduate and graduate curricula of these and other subjects. Despite being at the forefront of pedagogical innovations, speech science courses have lagged in representing cultural and linguistic diversity in the classroom. Many speech scientists understand that linguistic diversity is fundamental to human language systems. However, discussions of language variation tend to be relegated to a single section within a course. The lack of inclusion of diverse language varieties results in a lack of engagement with many social variables such as race, ethnicity, and gender identity, among others. We argue that this “status quo” in speech science courses must change, such that linguistic diversity must be addressed in and throughout all courses, even those where diversity is not the focus. We will present concerns with current approaches to teaching about cultural and linguistic diversity. Furthermore, we will explain the benefits of including diversity instruction throughout the curriculum. Finally, we present specific recommendations for instructors to incorporate teaching of linguistic diversity throughout their curriculum and speech science courses.