Scientific Journals Research Articles

Background Commercial Chinese polyherbal preparations (CCPPs) are widely used in China to treat coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). However, the discussion on the best CCPPs continues. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to evaluate and rank the relative efficacy of CCPPs for CMD and summarize the possible mechanisms according to experimental researches. Method From the time the database was established to 12 December 2024, We systematically searched eight databases and two registry systems, including Web of Science, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang database, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature database (CBM), Clinical Trials, and the China Clinical Trials Registry. Clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nine CCPPs in treating CMD, including Shexiangbaoxin Pill (SXBX), Tongxinluo Capsule (TXL), Shexiangtongxindi Pill (SXTXD), Yindanxinnaotong Capsule (YDXNT), Kedalin Tablet (KDL), Xinbao Pill (XB), Xinkeshu Tablet (XKS), Diaoxinxuekang Capsule (DAXXK), and Yixintongluo Capsule (YXTL), were retrieved. The primary outcomes were the Index of Microcirculatory Resistance (IMR) and Coronary Flow Reserve (CFR). Secondary outcomes included the Angina attack frequency, hypersensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), Endothelin-1 (ET-1), Nitric oxide (NO), and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Two researchers performed rigorous data extraction and quality assessment. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment tool, version 2.0 (RoB 2). We then conducted the NMA using a random-effects model under the frequentist framework with Stata version 15. Interventions were ranked based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) probability values. The risk of bias was detected using funnel plots and Egger’s test. Result A total of 39 RCTs involving 3,240 patients were included in this study. NMA results showed that SXBX had the highest probability of being the best treatment on account of the reduction of IMR [MD = −5.93, 95% CI (−8.75, −3.11)] and LDL-C [[MD = −0.56, 95% CI (−0.99, −0.14)], XB showed better efficacy in improving CFR [MD = 0.71, 95% CI (0.53, 0.89)], TXL showed better efficacy in angina attack frequency [MD = −5.30, 95% CI (−7.08, −3.53)]; YXTL showed better efficacy in hs-CRP [MD = −5.04, 95% CI (−8.38, −1.7)]; XKS showed better efficacy in ET-1 [MD = −43.3, 95% CI (−59.71, −26.89)]; YDXNT showed better efficacy in NO [MD = 17.69, 95% CI (6.07, 29.32)]. In addition, the protective effect of CCPP on CMD may be achieved by altering multiple signalling pathways through anti-atherosclerosis, anti-vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration, anti-inflammation, antioxidant stress, protection of vascular endothelium, improving energy metabolism, antiplatelet activation and aggregation, and promoting angiogenesis. Conclusion CCPPs combined with conventional therapy led to a significant improvement in CFR and NO, as well as a reduction in IMR, angina attack frequency, hs-CRP, ET-1, and LDL-C levels. SXBX emerged as the optimal treatment regimen for lowering IMR and LDL-C levels. Additionally, XB demonstrated superiority in improving CFR. TXL demonstrated superiority in reducing angina attack frequency, YXTL in lowering hs-CRP levels, XKS in lowering ET-1 levels, and YDXNT in increasing NO levels. Nevertheless, the majority of the evidence was rated as low certainty according to the GRADE assessment. Conclusion should be framed as hypothesis-generating rather than definitive, and there is a need for large-scale, multicenter, and direct comparative RCTs of CCPPs treated for CMD to generate higher-quality evidence. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ , identifier CRD42025632143.

This study examines the current state of robotics for bladder cancer in recent years, thereby enabling researchers to gain a comprehensive understanding of the field and anticipate future advancements. A thorough search was performed on the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) to identify literature about bladder cancer robotics published from 2004 to 2023. Bibliometric methods, such CiteSpace and VOSviewer, were used to examine publications, nations, institutions, journals, authors, and keywords. The 1678 papers from 2004 to 2023 showed an increasing trend in yearly publications related to robotic surgery for bladder cancer. Regarding publishing volumes and citations in this field, the United States, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, European Urology, and Guru Khurshid A were the top nation, organization, journal, and author. Interestingly, eight of the top 10 publications in terms of citations were published in JCR1 designated scientific journals. Terms like "complications," "outcomes," "trial," "enhanced recovery," and "minimally invasive diversion" are emphasized in the study, suggesting that they are important and current research issues. Recent hotspots include clinical studies evaluating outcomes and problems across various procedures, nevertheless, more work is required in the areas of minimally invasive surgery and improved recovery.

ObjectivesConducting original research within bachelor’s and master’s theses (dissertations) and publishing thesis results in scientific journals has multiple advantages. This study aimed to analyze types and publication outcomes of bachelor’s and master’s theses defended by students of health sciences studies in Croatia.DesignWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of bachelor’s and master’s theses of students of health studies in Croatia, defended by May 14, 2022, and a cross-sectional study of mentors who were surveyed for publication output.SettingWe analyzed theses from repositories. Thesis mentors were surveyed via e-mail about the publication of the thesis content in scholarly journals. Additionally, three online sources (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google) were used to find theses-based publications.ParticipantsWe surveyed mentors of bachelor’s and master’s theses of health sciences students in Croatia.ResultsWe analyzed 9861 theses, 7979 (81%) bachelor’s and 1882 (19%) master’s theses. Most (66%) of master’s theses were based on original research, compared to 21% of bachelor’s theses. Mentors of 3910 (40%) theses responded to the survey, indicating that 176/3910 (4.5%) of theses results were published in scientific journals. Through additional search of online sources, we found that from all analyzed theses, 276 (2.8%) articles were published in a scholarly journal. Among published articles, 229 (83%) were published in Croatian journals.ConclusionsMost analyzed theses were not based on original research. Results of a few theses were published in a scientific journal. Institutions should encourage mentors and students to conduct original research within theses and to publish thesis results in a journal, to further develop health sciences.

Children as perpetrators of sexual violence crimes presents a complex dilemma in the Indonesian criminal justice system. On the one hand, there is a need to provide justice for victims and enforce the law, but on the other hand, the state is obliged to provide special protection for children involved in the law based on the Child Criminal Justice System Law (UU SPPA). Children in conflict with the law, whether due to coercion, ignorance, or environmental factors, require a different approach from adult perpetrators. This research is normative legal research using a statutory and conceptual approach. Data collection was carried out through a literature study of primary legal materials such as laws and regulations, secondary legal materials in the form of books and scientific journals, and tertiary legal materials. The results of the study show that the legal system in Indonesia has adopted the principle of the best interest of the child through diversion and restorative justice mechanisms. Legal protection is provided at every stage of the trial, from investigation to post-decision guidance, with a focus on rehabilitation rather than retribution. Child perpetrators can be subject to action, not criminal sanctions in prison, which are adjusted to their age and level of guilt. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as social stigma, limited capacity of foster institutions, and harmonization between the rights of children as perpetrators and the rights of victims.

The primary objective of this study centred on examining the influence of artificial intelligence (AI) on students’ cognitive development and creative capabilities within higher education. More specifically, the research sought to analyse the relationship between AI usage and the development of key cognitive faculties, such as analytical intelligence, logical reasoning, and creative problem-solving among university students. In undertaking this investigation, the researchers adopted a qualitative methodology, engaging primarily with secondary data sources. By systematically reviewing existing literature—from peer-reviewed scientific journals, scholarly articles, and other reputable academic publications—they were able to construct a comprehensive synthesis of current insights into how students are integrating AI tools into their academic routines and how these tools are perceived in the university setting. The findings of the analysis indicate that AI technologies have a significant, and in many cases positive, impact on students’ data analysis abilities and their comprehension of complex academic content. A noteworthy proportion of students reported that AI-based tools enabled them to deconstruct challenging subject matter more efficiently. This utility appeared to translate into noticeable improvements in their analytical intelligence. Furthermore, AI was highlighted as advantageous for synthesizing disparate pieces of information, thereby equipping students to approach and solve intricate academic problems more effectively. Nevertheless, while these technological benefits are substantial, the study drew attention to an important caveat: the tendency toward over-reliance on AI-driven solutions. For a subset of students, the ease and convenience offered by AI led to a diminished practice of independent problem-solving. In their reliance on automated assistance, some students risked neglecting the active engagement necessary for developing robust critical thinking skills and independent intellectual growth. This over-dependence on technological aids may, in the long term, hinder the cultivation of original thoughts and creative approaches essential at the tertiary level of education.

This study aims to explore the awareness, attitudes, and trust of residents living near the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant regarding nuclear energy. The research specifically targets the community of BBC Bazar, a locality positioned near the boundary of this significant nuclear initiative and situated within the government-designated 3 km precautionary zone. For this analysis, eighty-three permanent residents—who are not involved with the nuclear power plant project and are aged 18 or older—were chosen as participants for data collection through structured questionnaires. Employing quantitative research methods, the study utilized statistical tools, including the chi-square test, Friedman's test, and descriptive statistics, to analyze the gathered data. The findings reveal a predominant concern among residents for a reliable, cost-effective power supply, while their attitudes towards nuclear energy are markedly mixed. Notably, individuals with higher levels of education and income demonstrate a greater awareness of, and caution regarding, the potential risks associated with nuclear power. A significant number of participants reported a lack of familiarity with the emergency response plans in place and expressed a strong preference for evacuating the area in the event of a nuclear accident, highlighting underlying anxieties related to safety concerns. Interestingly, despite many respondents expressing general support for nuclear energy generation as a concept, there is a prevalent reluctance to host such projects in their immediate surroundings—a clear reflection of the NIMBY (Not in My Back Yard) sentiment. The study emphasizes the critical need for enhanced public engagement, transparent communication, and increased awareness programs to foster greater acceptance and ensure the safety of nuclear power plant projects throughout Bangladesh. By addressing these factors, the research aims to bridge the gap between community concerns and the advancement of nuclear energy initiatives. Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 10(1) 59-75

Keraniganj Upazila, adjacent to Dhaka city, has experienced significant land use and land cover (LULC) changes over the past three decades due to rapid urbanization and socio-economic transformation. This study aims to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of LULC in Keraniganj from 1989 to 2023 and assess the driving factors and environmental implications of these changes. To achieve this, multi-temporal Lands at imagery, remote sensing (RS), and geographic information systems (GIS) techniques were applied, complemented by socio-economic data. Supervised classification algorithms were used to generate accurate LULC maps, and the results were validated using confusion matrices and Kappa statistics. The analysis covered six major LULC categories: bare land/sand fill, urban settlements, cultivated land, rural settlement/homestead vegetation, water bodies, and wetlands/lowlands. The results reveal a substantial increase of 1,738.62 hectares in urban settlements, particularly between 2009 and 2023, primarily at the expense of cultivated land, rural settlements, and natural ecosystems. During the study period, Keraniganj lost 476.46 hectares of cultivated land, 480.51 hectares of rural settlement areas, 1,087.83 hectares of water bodies, and 166.68 hectares of wetlands. These trends indicate extensive land reclamation, unplanned urban growth, and environmental degradation, driven by the area’s proximity to Dhaka, improved transportation infrastructure, and lower living costs. The findings underscore the urgency of implementing sustainable land use policies and integrated urban planning to address the negative impacts of urban expansion, including habitat destruction, reduced biodiversity, heightened flood risks, and declining agricultural productivity. This research contributes valuable insights into LULC dynamics and provides a replicable framework for monitoring and managing land transformation in rapidly urbanizing regions globally. Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 10(1) 91-122

The present research paper was an attempt to investigate smoking behavior and its impacts on the health of young adult students of Jagannath University in Dhaka. Therefore, the specific objectives were to explore the factors influencing smoking behaviors and its physical, psychological, and socio-economic consequences on the health of the students of Jagannath University. The study was exploratory in nature. Data were collected from a total of 388 respondents using a semi-structured questionnaire. The collected data were entered and coded using MS Excel and SPSS(v-25). The results were compiled and presented in MS Word and a GIS-based map (ArcGIS 10.8) was prepared to illustrate the study area. The study revealed important insights responsible for smoking habits and related health issues of the students. These findings would contribute to the understanding of smoking behavior of students as a serious public health concern among young adults’ university students and subsequently guide some measures that might be implemented by the university authority and other relevant stakeholders to ensure smoking-free campus for all. Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 10(1) 76-90

Migration and development are intricately linked through complex economic, social, and political processes. The theoretical debate surrounding migration and development has evolved over time, shifting from early perspectives that viewed migration as a consequence of underdevelopment to more contemporary views that recognize migration as a driver of development. This paper explores the major theoretical frameworks that shape the discourse on migration and development, including modernization theory, dependency theory, world-systems theory, the new economics of labor migration (NELM), and transnationalism. By critically analyzing these theories, this paper aims to illuminate the multifaceted relationship between migration and development and provide insights into contemporary policy debates. Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 10(1) 1-16

Technological advancements have facilitated increased access to the internet, leading to widespread cyberloafing.As cyberloafing becomes more prevalent, organizations are concerned about its potential to disrupt productivity and compromise security. In the context of employees from private and government banks in Dhaka city, this research aims to delve into how perceptions of organizational fairness impact cyberloafing, with an emphasis on the mediating effect of work engagement.A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 400 participants using adapted and validated Bangla versions of scales measuring organizational justice, cyberloafingbehaviors, and work engagement. The hypotheses were tested through multiple statistical analyses, including regression and mediation models. The findings revealed a significant negative relationship between organizational justice and cyberloafing, indicating that higher perceptions of fairness are associated with reduced cyberloafingbehavior. Organizational justice was also found to positively influence work engagement. Furthermore, work engagement partially mediated the relationship between organizational justice and cyberloafing. The study also found significant associations between demographic variables (such as age, education, salary, experience, and social media use) and cyberloafingbehavior. The findings highlight the importance of fostering fairness and engagement in the workplace to reduce cyberloafing and support greater employee productivity and job-related satisfaction. Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 10(1) 17-23

ChalanBeel, one of the major inland depressions of marshy character, is in the vulnerable condition due to various human interventions. The number of population of the ChalanBeel area has increased manifold in the recent years. To accommodate the increasing population, huge Beel areas were drained out and reclaimed by the locals. Roads, highways, embankments, bridges, culverts and other infrastructures were developed in this area. Due to increase of agricultural practices, the number of wetlands reduced over the period of time. Overfishing, pollution, unplanned infrastructures, lack of institutional coordination, lack of public awareness, etc. have become responsible for environmental degradation in this area. The present paper assesses the human intervention induced land use land cover changes in the ChalanBeel area. This study was conducted based on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from field survey through interviewing the locals and the secondary data was collected from various published and online sources as well as satellite images were used to identify the land use land cover changes. The study reveals that built-up areas increased from 40.87 sq. km to 144.06 sq. km. and water bodies declined from 258.65 sq. km. to 90.63 sq. km in between 2003 and 2023, and the low-lying areas remained nearly same in that period. Land use land cover changes have significant impacts on the local people’s lives and livelihoods. It is important to reduce the human intervention induced land use land cover changes to ensure the planned growth of the surveyed areas. Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 10(1) 40-58

Thyroid dysfunction, especially among women, poses a significant global health issue. The people living in the northern part of Bangladesh are particularly vulnerable to thyroid dysfunction, yet it has not received much attention. The objective of this research was to investigate the occurrence of thyroidism across different life stages, which include childhood, puberty, youth, mid-age, and post-menopause. Using the 125I- RIA method, the study analyzed the serum TSH, fT3, and fT4 levels of 295 subjects at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (INMAS), Rajshahi. The results showed that the overall percentage of affected women was 12.9%. The prevalence of dysfunction was minimal in childhood (10.0%) and puberty (4.3%), peaked in mid-life (29.8%), and then declined in post-menopause (10.2%). The study identified hypothyroidism as the most common form of dysfunction among the positive cases. Notably, mid-age individuals experienced the highest incidence of total hypothyroidism, whereas total hyperthyroidism was most prevalent in the youth stage. This research offers a comprehensive insight into the thyroid status of women in North-Bengal, which can be used to address relevant health concerns. Jagannath University Journal of Life and Earth Sciences, 10(1) 17-23

The third of the seven chakras is the Manipura chakra, also known as the Coeliac plexus, located within the subtle body. It initiates and regulates various functions of the gastrointestinal system. Its proximity to the navel is often associated with personal power and self-esteem. The objective of the study is to clarify the influence of the Manipura chakra on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Indigenous literature and recent research suggest that a balanced Manipura chakra may contribute to reducing inflammation and enhancing liver function. The present paper elaborates on the relationship between chakra alignment and physical health to reveal holistic methods that may complement conventional medical therapies for NAFLD. The research analyses consolidated literature from classical texts, contemporary science and published works (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and other esteemed journals) concerning the role of the Manipura chakra and its impact on gastrointestinal organs. The Manipura chakra is regarded as a center of fire, or Agni, which governs the functioning of the gastrointestinal system. Thus, it is considered essential for improving the condition of fatty liver disease. The gastrointestinal organs are closely connected to the coeliac plexus, which regulates their function. The physical and psychological characteristics of the Manipura chakra highlight its substantial importance. Disruptions in the energy flow of the Manipura chakra may lead to various disorders associated with the abdominal region, such as obesity, diabetes, pancreatitis and liver disease. Yoga and pranayama activate the Manipura chakra, thereby enhancing gastrointestinal function and alleviating the impacts of illness.

Parents' experiences of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A systematic review and meta-synthesis.

In the 21<sup>st</sup> century educational landscape, problem-solving has emerged as a fundamental competency across disciplines. Problem-based learning (PBL), rooted in constructivist pedagogy, has gained considerable attention for its potential to enhance students’ cognitive engagement and practical application of knowledge. This study aims to comprehensively examine the effects of PBL on cross-disciplinary problem-solving skills, particularly in mathematics and other fields, through an in-depth meta-analysis and bibliometric visualization. The study employs a combined design of meta-analytic and bibliometric methods. The inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis are as follows: (1) relevant topic; (2) articles must be published in reputable indexed scientific journals; (3) provide effect size in the form of t-test, r, or F statistics; (4) minimum N of 20; (5) articles must be written in an internationally recognized language, namely English; and (6) published between 2012 and 2025. Articles were obtained from reputable databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar. This study used the JASP application for meta-analysis and the Publish or Perish and VOSviewer applications for bibliometric analysis. The findings indicate that: (1) bibliometric visualization highlights problem-solving, critical thinking, and self-efficacy as the main focuses influenced by learning context, teaching strategies, cognitive styles, and STEM approaches, which together form a complex interconnection in enhancing student learning achievement; and (2) research data were proven to be heterogeneous with a large effect size category and no indication of publication bias, indicating that the results of PBL interventions consistently have a strong impact on problem-solving skills. Therefore, the implementation of PBL is highly recommended as an effective strategy to significantly enhance students’ problem-solving skills.<i> </i>This study uniquely combines meta-analysis and bibliometric mapping to provide a comprehensive cross-disciplinary evaluation of PBL’s impact on problem-solving skills. This study provides strong empirical support for the effectiveness of PBL in enhancing students’ problem-solving skills across disciplines, offering practical insights for educators and guiding future educational research and policy.

Background:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of anlotinib plus epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) in the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with EGFR mutations.Methods:This meta-analysis was registered with PROSPERO (Registration number: CRD420251102861). Up to July 11, 2025, the databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature, China Science and Technology Journal, and Wanfang were searched, and the randomized controlled clinical trials of anlotinib plus EGFR-TKI in the treatment of advanced EGFR-mutant NSCLC were included. Two investigators independently screened the literature, assessed the quality of the included literature, and extracted the literature data. Revman5.4 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 993 patients were included in 10 randomized controlled clinical trials. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group (EGFR-TKI monotherapy), the experimental group (anlotinib plus EGFR-TKI) significantly improved the objective response rate (relative risk [RR] = 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26–1.52, P < .00001) and disease control rate (RR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.07–1.28, P = .0003), prolonged the progression-free survival (hazard ratio = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.46–0.78, P = .0002), but did not increase the 1-year and 2-year overall survival rates (RR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.81–2.30, P = .24; RR = 1.65, 95% CI: 0.40–6.76, P = .49) of the patients. In terms of adverse events, the incidence of rash, hypertension, proteinuria, hand-foot syndrome, oral mucositis, diarrhea, fatigue, hemoptysis, and leukopenia was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (P < .05).Conclusion:Compared with EGFR-TKI monotherapy, anlotinib plus EGFR-TKI provides some clinical benefits for patients with advanced NSCLC harboring EGFR mutations, but it does not significantly improve long-term survival and has higher toxicity.

Background:Although Yinhua Miyanling tablet has demonstrated promising efficacy in managing uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), robust clinical evidence from large-scale studies remains scarce. This systematic review aims to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety profile of Yinhua Miyanling tablet in the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs, providing an evidence-based assessment for clinical practice.Methods:A comprehensive computerized search was conducted across multiple databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, Wanfang Data, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Big Medical Knowledge Base, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. The search period spanned from the inception of each database to October 2023, aiming to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the efficacy of Yinhua Miyanling tablets in treating uncomplicated UTIs. The selected studies were subjected to meta-analysis using RevMan 5.3 software (The Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom). The methodological quality of the included literature was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool (version 5.1.0; The Cochrane Collaboration, London, United Kingdom) and the modified Jadad scale. Additionally, the GRADE system was employed to evaluate the overall quality of evidence.Results:A total of 14 RCTs, involving 1773 patients, were included in the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that Yinhua Miyanling tablets, whether used alone or in combination with Western medicine, significantly improved clinical efficacy and bacterial clearance rates while reducing recurrence rates (all P < .05). Notably, there was no statistically significant difference in adverse reactions between the treatment and control groups, suggesting a favorable safety profile.Conclusion:The Yinhua Miyanling tablet demonstrates therapeutic potential in managing uncomplicated UTIs. However, the current evidence is limited by the relatively low methodological quality of included studies. Further validation through large-scale, multicenter RCTs with rigorous designs is warranted to strengthen these findings. According to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation evidence assessment, the available data provide moderate confidence in the efficacy of Yinhua Miyanling tablet for treating uncomplicated UTIs.

Silicone elastomers are widely used in industrial applications due to their mechanical properties and resistance to temperature and chemicals. In the manufacturing sector, particularly in bottle and jar capping machines, silicone is utilized as the base material for rollers operating under high dynamic loads. These conditions often lead to rapid wear and degradation of the silicone rollers during production processes. This study aims to review various literature sources related to the optimal composition and reinforcement methods for silicone elastomers to determine suitable formulations for roller capping applications. The research was conducted through a literature review of scientific journals published within the last ten years, focusing on the influence of filler type, crosslinker type, and composition on mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, and elongation at break. The review results indicate that a combination of fumed silica (0.2 phr) and clay (1 phr), along with a peroxide-based crosslinker (3 phr), provides the best mechanical performance, achieving a tensile strength of 6.9 MPa, tear strength of 21.5 kN/m, and elongation at break of 315%. In conclusion, the optimal reinforcement of silicone elastomers depends on the type of filler and crosslinking system used, which directly affects the material’s strength, elasticity, and thermal resistance

Digital transformation has brought about major changes in leadership patterns, especially in the public sector. In this context, digital leadership is key for leaders to drive innovation and adaptation to technological developments. However, the success of digital leadership is also inseparable from democratic leadership values that emphasize participation, openness, and collaboration. The synergy between these two values is an important foundation for building an effective and humanistic leadership style in the digital age. This study aims to analyze the role of Dedi Mulyadi's digital leadership in developing digital talent through the 2025 Jabar Istimewa Digital Academy (JIDA) program in West Java. The approach used is qualitative with a literature study method, sourced from 14 scientific journals and three official news reports. The results of the study show that Dedi Mulyadi applies a visionary, adaptive, and collaborative digital leadership style. Democratic values are also evident through a participatory approach that involves the community, educational institutions, and the industrial sector in the implementation of the JIDA 2025 program. This program has proven to strengthen digital literacy, expand access to technology training, and improve the readiness of West Java's human resources in facing the challenges of the digital economy. Thus, digital leadership combined with democratic principles plays an important role in realizing inclusive, competitive, and sustainable human resource development in the era of digital transformation.

Highlights from the Science family of journals.