Scientific Community Research Articles

Critical review of microfiber release from textiles: Results, comparative challenges, mitigation strategies, and legislative perspectives.

Critical review of microfiber release from textiles: Results, comparative challenges, mitigation strategies, and legislative perspectives.

Nanotherapeutic smart approaches for combating Alzheimer's disease and overcoming existing obstacles: A novel eco-friendly green approach.

The scientific community has united to raise awareness of Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a critical condition for future generations because recent predictions indicate that it will become common among the elderly within a few years. Nevertheless, the intricacies of the disease's progression demand exhaustive investigations to unravel its potential mechanisms. Only then can clinicians develop more efficacious therapeutic strategies. Cognitive impairment caused by amyloid aggregation, the development of hyperphosphorylated neurofibrillary tangles, and a malfunctioning cholinergic system are the hallmarks of AD. Even after the disease has started, brain tissue integrity may degenerate. The physiological characteristics of the highly selective blood-brain barrier and the electrostatic charge of the nanoporous extracellular matrix have long placed restrictions on the treatment of brain disorders. A prospective revolution in drug delivery for the treatment of AD is the use of nanomedicine. It depends on enhancing the way that medications are distributed pharmacokinetically throughout the central nervous system. Several types of nanoparticles (Nps) are available thanks to nanotechnology, and these Nps could target the brain and have a long half-life with few systemic side effects and motor problems. With the latest technological developments, scientists are working to develop unique approaches for the treatment of AD. To evaluate the prospective uses of medicinal plants, their components, and different nanomedicine techniques, it was determined that this literature study was necessary. To provide an overview of the various challenges and approaches related to using nanoparticles (NPs) to combat Alzheimer's disease (AD), this introductory review article was developed.

Review of mechanisms and impacts of nanoplastic toxicity in aquatic organisms and potential impacts on human health.

Review of mechanisms and impacts of nanoplastic toxicity in aquatic organisms and potential impacts on human health.

Trends in Sciences: Celebrating Record-High 2024 CiteScore

It is with great pride and enthusiasm that we announce a significant achievement for Trends in Sciences—the journal has reached a CiteScore of 1.8 in 2024, as released by Scopus on June 3, 2025. This remarkable increase from 1.2 in 2023 represents the highest CiteScore in the journal’s history, underscoring its rapid ascent and growing academic influence on both national and international stages. This upward trajectory in CiteScore is more than a numerical milestone; it is a clear indication of the journal’s expanding reach, scholarly relevance, and citation impact across multiple scientific fields. Most notably, Trends in Sciences now holds the top position among all multidisciplinary journals published in Thailand, a recognition that reflects the trust and esteem of our contributors, readers, reviewers, and editorial team. The continuous growth in CiteScore—from 0.8 in 2022, to 1.2 in 2023, and now 1.8 in 2024—illustrates the journal’s steadfast commitment to academic rigor, innovation, and quality. Each successive increase is the outcome of a collaborative ecosystem involving meticulous peer review, strong editorial oversight, and the publication of impactful research that addresses current scientific challenges. Our contributors have played a pivotal role in this success. We extend sincere appreciation to the authors who entrusted their research to Trends in Sciences and to the reviewers whose expertise ensures the publication of high-quality and credible scholarship. Furthermore, the support from the wider research community has been instrumental in elevating the journal’s visibility, reputation, and citation performance. This accomplishment also reflects our strategic direction: to become a leading international platform for publishing interdisciplinary and cross-cutting scientific research. As science continues to evolve beyond traditional disciplinary boundaries, Trends in Sciences is embracing this shift by welcoming submissions that integrate diverse fields and propose novel approaches to global and regional issues. Looking ahead, we aim to build upon this success by: Enhancing editorial efficiencyto shorten review and publication cycles. Expanding international collaborationsto diversify author contributions and editorial participation. Investing in digital innovationsto increase accessibility, discoverability, and reader engagement. We are confident that these strategic initiatives will sustain our momentum and reinforce our position as a journal of choice for authors seeking broad impact and multidisciplinary dialogue. In conclusion, the 2024 CiteScore of 1.8 is more than a statistical achievement—it is a symbol of the journal’s maturation, global relevance, and the scientific community’s growing recognition of our work. We remain dedicated to advancing knowledge, fostering inclusive academic discourse, and contributing meaningfully to the progress of science and society. We thank you for being part of this journey and invite you to continue contributing to and supporting Trends in Sciencesas we move forward together.

Conditioned medium derived from mesenchymal stem cells and spinal cord injury: A review of the current therapeutic capacities.

Conditioned medium derived from mesenchymal stem cells and spinal cord injury: A review of the current therapeutic capacities.

Nano-Fortifying the Future Plate: A Critical Review of Nanotechnology Applications in Food Enrichment

Proportion of children globally experience dietary deficiencies, which have a negative impact on their physical and cognitive growth and heighten their vulnerability to illnesses. In addition, undernutrition worsens the intensity of several infections, such as measles and malaria. Food fortification is an important nutritional strategy that helps to combat micronutrient deficiencies and decrease their occurrence in many low- and middle-income nations. Although there has been a significant rise in recent years, food fortification schemes have also encountered considerable criticism from the scientific community. The present review aimed to clarify the actual influence of food fortification measures on the mitigation of malnutrition. A detailed review of the current state of the art in nanotechnology applications for food enrichment is provided in this manuscript. A comprehensive literature search was conducted utilizing databases such as Web of Science/ Knowledge, Google Scholar, Elsevier ScienceDirect, and Springer Online Journals. The search query included phrases such as food fortification, micronutrient shortages, fortified food, the impact of food fortification, and food-to-food fortification. The paper discusses the nanostructures, such as nanoparticles, nanocapsules, and nanoemulsions, in encapsulating, delivering, and safeguarding bioactive compounds within food matrices, with a particular emphasis on nanofortification. Recent advancements in nano-enabled food fortification are summarised in the manuscript, which also identifies significant challenges and opportunities for future commercialization and research. Food fortification is essential for both developed and developing nations to ensure that processed foods contain the necessary nutrients, hence improving their nutritional value for human consumption. Nanotechnology can be applied to enrich food by improving bioavailability and providing a delivery system for phytochemicals, vitamins, and minerals. This review enhances knowledge regarding the profound consequences it may have on the future of nutrition and food technology.

Association between hedonic hunger and food addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Association between hedonic hunger and food addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

From waste to wealth: Glycolysis of PET for high-value resource utilization.

From waste to wealth: Glycolysis of PET for high-value resource utilization.

Systematic characterisation of microplastics released from disposable medical devices using laser direct infrared spectroscopy.

Systematic characterisation of microplastics released from disposable medical devices using laser direct infrared spectroscopy.

Real-world prospective study on compassionate and off-label novel anticancer therapies in children, adolescents, and young adults: The SACHA-INTERNATIONAL ITCC study.

e22016 Background: Novel anticancer therapies are regularly prescribed outside their marketing authorization or through compassionate use programs to children, adolescents and young adults. Until recently, safety and efficacy data on those prescriptions were neither prospectively nor systematically collected and pharmacovigilance declarations were largely underreported. Methods: SACHA-INTERNATIONAL (NCT04477681) is a prospective international non-interventional study developed within the Innovative Therapies for Children and adolescents with Cancer (ITCC) Consortium, which documents safety and efficacy data of compassionate and off-label innovative anticancer therapies administered to patients aged ≤ 25 years. SACHA-INTERNATIONAL is built up on the SACHA-France study developed by the French Society of Pediatric Oncology (SFCE) (Berlanga et al. JAMA Netw Open 2023), opened in Q1 2020. SACHA-INTERNATIONAL is adapted to each national regulation with common study objectives and eligibility criteria. Data are collected in a common central database. Since Q3 2023, SACHA-INTERNATIONAL is open in UK, Spain, Denmark and Austria. In Q4 2024, Italy has joined the study. Results: Between 01/01/2020 and 31/12/2024, 1054 compassionate/off-label prescriptions to 942 patients were registered in 59 centers in the 5 participating countries (32 centers in France, 12 in UK, 12 in Spain, 2 in Denmark and 1 in Austria), with a median of 10 patients included per center (range: 1-149). Median age at enrolment was 10.7 years (range 0.1 – 24.9). Eighty-six different drugs were prescribed. Study enrollment has steadily increased: 2020 (n=57), 2021 (n=193), 2022 (n=187), 2023 (n=243), 2024 (n=374). The 2023-2024 period increase is due to the study opening outside France (13 and 131 prescriptions in 2023 and 2024, respectively), but also to the increased off-label prescriptions after clinical trial end of enrollment. Detailed data on diagnostic group and year of inclusion are reported in Table 1. Conclusions: Prospective real-world data collection on compassionate and off-label anticancer therapies is feasible at multicenter and international level. By expanding across multiple countries, the SACHA-INTERNATIONAL study ensures that critical safety and efficacy information is adequately collected and shared with the scientific community. SACHA-INTERNATIONAL study enrolment. Diagnosis group 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 TOTAL I. Leukemia 4 27 13 31 50 125 II. Lymphomas 3 15 6 6 7 37 III. Central nervous system tumors 28 81 93 90 129 421 IV. Neuroblastoma 1 8 12 53 66 140 V. Retinoblastoma 0 0 0 0 0 0 VI. Renal tumors 1 1 2 1 8 13 VII. Hepatic tumors 2 1 2 3 2 10 VIII. Malignant bone tumors 7 26 21 23 40 117 IX. Soft tissue sarcomas 6 25 17 19 30 97 X. Germ cell and gonadal tumors 0 0 0 1 4 5 XI. Epithelial tumors and melanoma 4 7 10 5 7 33 XII. Other and unspecified 1 2 8 10 22 43

Factorized cross entropy integrated hyperspectral CNN (HSCNet-FACE) for hyperspectral image classification

The use of hyperspectral image classification algorithms has garnered increasing interest from the scientific community in recent years, especially in the field of geosciences for pattern recognition applications. In order to extract full spectral-spatial characteristics, this study presents feature extraction with hyperspectral CNN (HSCNet), a unique hierarchical neural network architecture. HSCNet can handle computational complexity issues and capture extensive spectral-spatial information with ease. We use factorized cross entropy (FACE) to address the common problem of class imbalance in both experimental and real-world hyperspectral datasets in order to construct an accurate land cover classification system. FACE makes it easier to reconstruct the loss function, which helps to effectively accomplish the goals that have been expressed. We provide a new framework for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification called FACE, which combines components from HSCNet and FACE. Next, we carry out in-depth studies using two different remote sensing datasets: Botswana (BS) and Indian Pines (IP). We compare the effectiveness of different backbone networks in terms of categorization and compare its classification performance under various loss functions. Comparing our suggested classification system against the state-of-the-art end-to-end deep-learningbased techniques, we find encouraging results

Bridging the gaps in sustainability assessment: A systematic literature review, 2014-2023.

Bridging the gaps in sustainability assessment: A systematic literature review, 2014-2023.

Retinal imaging in an era of open science and privacy protection.

Retinal imaging in an era of open science and privacy protection.

Yarning with a remote Aboriginal community about the next steps for achieving healthy skin.

Yarning with a remote Aboriginal community about the next steps for achieving healthy skin.

Relationship between iron deficiency anemia and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes patients

The study aimed to investigate the relationship between iron metabolism indicators such as ferritin and transferrin levels and glycosylated hemoglobin. Another goal of the current study is to draw the attention of the scientific and medical community to a very important issue regarding diagnostic and follow-up the diabetic patients which is the effect of iron status on HbA1c level. A cross-sectional study was conducted on (n=300) participants. The participant was assigned into three groups: the diabetes group (n=101), the prediabetes group (n=100), and the control group (n=99). A structured questionnaire with sociodemographic data and biochemical tests was applied. The results of the study found that there were significant differences in age among groups (p=0.05), with the diabetic group being younger than other groups. There is a direct positive relationship between HbA1c levels and ferritin (β=2%, p=0.001) and fasting blood sugar (β=1.8%, p=0.001). The findings also show an inverse relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin and transferrin (β=0.1%, p=0.001), as well as mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (β=1.8%, p=0.001). The study finding confirms a positive correlation between HbA1c with ferritin levels and a negative association with transferrin. Iron status in diabetes patients' treatment plans should considered while the interpretation of the HbA1c concentrations. In addition, diabetes patients' treatment plans should take ferritin level adjustment into account.

A multi-objective optimization model integrating machine learning and time-frequency analysis for supporting nitrogen and phosphorus pollution reduction in Guangzhou city, China.

A multi-objective optimization model integrating machine learning and time-frequency analysis for supporting nitrogen and phosphorus pollution reduction in Guangzhou city, China.

Struma ovarii: An NCDB retrospective study of demographic and socioeconomic factors.

e17590 Background: Struma ovarii malignant cancer (SOMC) is an extremely rare ovarian teratoma originating from aberrant thyroid tissue that can mimic thyroid carcinoma. Despite a high preoperative misdiagnosis rate of 98%, SOMC carries a favorable 25-year survival rate of 79%. Given the paucity of literature on SOMC, analyzing its demographic and prognostic trends could improve patient outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis is conducted using the 2004-2020 National Cancer Database (NCDB) to analyze patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SOMC. The study examined demographic factors such as age, race, Hispanic ethnicity, insurance type, distance from the treatment facility, facility type, and Charleson-Deyo score using descriptive statistics and regression analysis to evaluate incidence trends. Results: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of SOMC (n = 224) were identified in the NCDB, with incidence rates remaining stable over time (R² = 0.012). The majority of patients diagnosed were a median age of 49 years old (SD = 14.5, range = 13 - 87), White (77%), of non-Hispanic descent (83%), privately insured (66%) and belonging to high-income households (43%). A significant proportion of patients lived outside of large metropolitan areas (37%) and sought treatment at research programs (41%) or community cancer programs (30%). Surgery was the primary treatment modality (96%), with a significant proportion of cases demonstrating non-evaluable margins or unknown outcomes (27%). The predominant surgical procedures were total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and lymphadenectomy (23%), unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (18%), and total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and omentectomy (15%). A significant proportion of patients received radiation therapy (20%), while few received chemotherapy, either as primary (2%) or adjuvant (1%) treatment, with the primary SOMC site located in an unspecified ovary (99%). Conclusions: This study is the first NCDB analysis on demographic and socioeconomic factors of patients diagnosed with SOMC. According to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines, surgery alone is curative for stage I, grade I cases, while chemotherapy is recommended for higher stages and grades. However, despite 17% of cases being stage II-IV, our retrospective analysis found chemotherapy was infrequently prescribed. While fertility preservation is emphasized in SOMC management, the most common intervention (23%) was total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and lymphadenectomy. As most Americans live in metropolitan areas, SOMC may be over-represented in rural populations. Building on this study, future studies should examine the relationship between patient age demographics and the selection of non-fertility-preserving surgical interventions in SOMC management.

Omega-3-Enriched Fish oil reduces the chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice.

Omega-3-Enriched Fish oil reduces the chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice.

Advancements on heparin-based hydrogel/scaffolds in biomedical and tissue engineering applications: Delivery carrier and pre-clinical implications.

Advancements on heparin-based hydrogel/scaffolds in biomedical and tissue engineering applications: Delivery carrier and pre-clinical implications.

Reducing Stoichiometric Excess of Base to Catalytic Amount: Revisiting Staudinger Reaction for β-lactam Synthesis

Background: B-lactams have been primarily utilized as a leading class of effective anti-biotics. They have been found to show activity against various diseases, prompting the scientific community to prioritise innovative protocols for their synthesis. The general and well-known syn-thetic strategy involves the classical Staudinger reaction exhibiting [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. However, the protocol utilizes stoichiometric excess of base for efficient product formation. Objective: A smarter and more acceptable approach for the synthesis of B-lactams would be to reduce the excess base to a catalytic amount, furnishing a catalytic version of the Staudinger reac-tion. The modified version can eliminate the hazards arising out of excess use of the base, ultimately promoting the environmentally benign approach. Methods: With this hypothesis, a base-catalyzed approach in dimethyl formamide (DMF) towards the synthesis of B-lactam via Staudinger reaction has been endorsed under moderate reaction conditions. Results: The scope of the substrates was explored with both electron-withdrawing and electron-releasing substitutions in the formation of B-lactam. The reduction of the base amount from stoichiometric to catalytic amount was justified by the involvement of DMF in generating the basic condition for the reaction. Conclusion: It was hypothesized that the decomposition of DMF under the base-catalysed reaction condition can generate dimethylamine, which produces the required basic environment.