Science And Religion Research Articles

Taking Other Religions Seriously: A Comparative Survey of Hindus in India

AbstractWhile the study of religion in political science has reemerged as a growing field of inquiry in the last few decades, most research still focuses on Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. What religion is and how it is measured has largely been conceptualized through the lens of these Abrahamic faiths. This article, by contrast, examines Hinduism, the world's oldest and third most populous religion. I randomly assigned closed-ended or open-ended surveys about Hindu religiosity across and within two demographically similar villages in the north Indian state of Bihar. A comparison of survey responses from a sample of 100 respondents suggests that many Hindus: (a) do not recognize basic analytical categories scholars use in the social scientific study of religion; (b) do not differentiate between ostensibly religious and secular categories; and (c) recognize features of everyday life, such as attire or obedience to rules about purity and auspiciousness, as religious in ways that may be different from most Western religious communities. This article productively challenges how political scientists think about what religion is and how to measure it, tasks that must precede explaining how it affects political behavior.

The Warfare between Science and Religion: The Idea That Wouldn't Die

The Warfare between Science and Religion: The Idea That Wouldn't Die

Paradigma Kalam Dalam Konservasi Lingkungan Menurut Said Nursi

This research departs from the fact that environmental conservation efforts are increasingly needed due to natural damage that increases continually. However, the instrumental and social efforts performed by the environmental activists are still partial and have not touched the fundamental aspects. Islam as a Religion and basis of comprehensive science could resolve this aspect. Rasa’il Nur, a masterpiece written by Sa’id Nursi supposed to offers a solution to the problem. This study aims to reveal the environmental conservation paradigm by Sa'id Nursi and find a new direction based on Islamic environmental conservation. This research is a literature study, qualitative models and figure studies, using critical-reflective analysis, with a kalam perspective. Nursi views the strong relationship of Tauhid (monotheism) and nature. Tauhid (monotheism) is the principle understanding to see the ecological elements which he calls the God’s Sign. Human is supposed to see nature with the paradigm of 'harfi' instead of 'ismi'. The paradigm of ‘ismi’ which denied the divine value behind nature could be a reason for the environmental damage. As for ‘harfi’ perspective, the nature was inseparable from the divine’s side. The physical form of nature and its diversity are the visible book (kitab mandzur) and beautiful cosmos (syari’ah kauniyyah). Nature is a manifestation of ‘asma-ul khusna’, including the names ‘al-jalal’, ‘al jamal’ and ‘al quddus’. All ecological elements move and worship based on ‘mahabbah’. With these basics, Nursi denounced acts of destruction against nature.

PENDIDIKAN SEBAGAI MEDIA INTEGRASI AGAMA DAN SAINS DALAM ERA REVOLUSI INDUSTRI 4.0

Education is not just merely transferring knowledge, but alsotransforming the values of truth, justice, honesty, humanity, and divinity into thehearts of students. Islam is a religion that is in accordance with human nature, itsshari'a is not only encouraging people to learn science and technology, then tobuild civilization, even to organize their people to survive and save both in theworld and in the hereafter. Religion and science have no opposition, are integral,cannot be separated from one another. Integration of religion and science is notjust an epistemological study, but it should be implemented axiologically in thelearning process at every level of education. Facing the globalization era that weare familiar with in the era of industrial revolution 4.0, the integration of religionand science is a necessity.

Neurotheology—The Triad of Religion, Spirituality, and Neuroscience

Religion and spirituality are fundamental to the human condition and play a role in our mental health and wellbeing. Initially, religion and science thrived in a complimentary relationship, only to be polarized with the aggressive secularization of science. Neurotheology is an exciting new approach that may help bridge our understandings of religion, health and the overall human condition. However, we need to recognize the limitations of this approach and, hence, cautiously interpret any findings.

Labron, Tim. Science and Religion in Wittgenstein’s Fly-Bottle. New York: Bloomsbury, 2017. viii+138 pp. $63.00 (cloth).

Labron, Tim. <i>Science and Religion in Wittgenstein’s Fly-Bottle</i>. New York: Bloomsbury, 2017. viii+138 pp. $63.00 (cloth).

«Правда та її тінь»: антимодерністська риторика на сторінках галицьких релігійних часописів другої пол. XIX — поч. XX ст.

In the XIX century and the first half of XX century, scientists A. Comte, M. Weber, H. Spencer, E. Durkheim, G. Simmel, and Ch. Cooley developed a theory explaining the social reality in which a person exists. The result of their work was a theory of modernization that describes a transition from the traditional to the modern society. Further on, due to various historical vicissitudes, the theory of modernization has undergone significant changes. In the first half of the XX century universal theory of modernization has been criticized. By shaping a new approach to the study of global transformations in society, scientists began considering cases of nonlinear progress or regression, since the model of the Western society’s functioning does not always adequately apply to the description of the functioning of other societies. Among the presumable counterpoints in the history of civilization, which scientists define as the beginning of modernity, are The Age of Discovery, The Industrial Revolution, and The French Revolution. Specifically, the French Revolution has significantly influenced the process of secularization of the European society, and contributed to the diminished presence of the Catholic Church on the international political scene, as well 86 as a gradual removal of religion from the life of modern human. The media played a significant role in reforming the socio-political, cultural and economic dimensions of the Western society, as the press was an important means of promoting modernization ideas. At the same time, the religious press was a key platform of criticism of modernization. At the end of the XIX — early XX centuries, a number of articles there were published on the topic of modernization in the secular and religious spheres, on the pages of the Lviv religious journals: «Ruskii Sion», «Dushpastyr», «Nyva». The authors of the «Nyva» journal in their publications rested upon the concept of modernism put forward by the Vatican. The latter concept concerned the young generation of Catholic theologians in Italy, France, the United Kingdom, and Germany. They were united by their shared views concerning the Christian Church’s status in a changing world. Catholic reformers sought to revise the Catholic Church doctrine, taking into account the relevant trends of subjectivism and criticism of that time. The authorship of the «Ruskii Sion» and «Dushpastyr» criticized the ideas of reducing the influence of religion in science, culture and politics. The authors of these journals argued that the enemy of modern society is not the Church, but speculative modernism, which is a source of false values. On the contrary, the church is a deterrent for the modern political and economic system absorbing human. We conclude that it is incorrect to presume that modern Ukraine (with the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church as one of the major denominations) was molded under the influence of religion, gi ven that the key processes of modernization (urbanization, industrialization, and so on) were accomplished accordingly to the model diverging with the Catholic, Christian, ideals. Therefore, the question of the peculiarities of the scenario of the modernization of the Ukrainian society and the role played by religion and the religious press in this process remains open. Keywords: religious press, modernization, civilization, secularization, Christianity, Catholicism, Church document, religious modernism.

Popularizing, Moralizing, and the Soul of American Science

Popularizing, Moralizing, and the Soul of American Science

An American Jeremiad: John C. Burnham and the History of Science Popularization

An American Jeremiad: John C. Burnham and the History of Science Popularization

“SERVING GOD, FATHERLAND, AND LANGUAGE”: ALCOVER, CATALAN, AND SCIENCE

AbstractThis article intends to contribute to the science–religion historiography with two topics—philology and the construction of national identities—that can help provide a more complex picture of the relations between science and religion. We use the life and work of the Mallorcan Catholic priest Antoni Maria Alcover (1862–1932) as a case study that puts language, linguistics, and nationalism on the board of science and religion studies. Alcover was the main driving force of the Catalan Dictionary, a collective enterprise that set out to inventory the complete oral and literary lexicon of this language, and which mobilized thousands of people, many of which were clergymen, from all over the Catalan‐speaking territories. In the article, we will explore Alcover's education; the way he established a link between language, religion, and fatherland; the shaping of his identity as a philologist in the image mainly of new German notions and practices; as well as his role in the institutionalization process of the Catalan language as a scientific language, as a language for science and for religion.

SCIENCE AND RELIGION AS LANGUAGES: UNDERSTANDING THE SCIENCE–RELIGION RELATIONSHIP USING METAPHORS, ANALOGIES, AND MODELS

AbstractMany scholars often use the terms “metaphors,” “analogies,” and “models” interchangeably and inadvertently overlook the uniqueness of each word. According to recent cognitive studies, the three terms involve distinct cognitive processes using features from a familiar concept and applying them to an abstract, complicated concept. In the field of science and religion, there have been various objects or ideas used as metaphors, analogies, or models to describe the science–religion relationship. Although these heuristic tools provided some understanding of the complex interaction, they failed to address the broad nature of science and religion as well as the multifarious relationship between the two in a sociocultural context. Unlike the previous candidates, the concept of language, including the notions of linguistic worldview, linguistic identity, dialects, power, and bilingualism, offers a unique and comprehensive window through which science, religion, and the relationship between the two are seen with clarity.

Four conjectures on the future of the study of religion/s: a plea for further differentiation of the discipline

ABSTRACTIn this contribution, I argue that a stronger division of labor within the non-confessional academic study of religion/s would help the discipline to thrive. A further differentiation between Theory of Religion, Methodology, and Philosophy of Science is called for. I am convinced that this division would help scholars to cope with the permanent and fundamental challenges of the discipline, two of which are most noteworthy: the disputed epistemic status of the object ‘religion,’ and the question of normativity.

William James: On the border between sciences and religion

William James: On the border between sciences and religion

Science and Religion

Science and Religion

Science and religion at war about war

Science and religion at war about war

Philosophy of religion in Ukrainian and Western science

Philosophy of religion is one of the most popular philosophical disciplines at Western and American universities. The concept “philosophy of religion” is also presented in Ukrainian educational system. Nevertheless the essence of the concept in Ukrainian and Western scientific environment is not identical. The exploration of the differences constitutes the relevance of the issue. The main research method is comparative analysis: the work is based on textbooks’ analysis from philosophy of religion written in the West in comparison to the national works of religious studies. The main pioneering result reached in the issue is to highlight the conceptual differences of “philosophy of religion” in Ukrainian and Western scientific traditions. In Ukraine philosophy of religion is a philosophic discipline that studies a phenomenon of religion, as in Western and American scientific environment the subject of philosophy of religion is God. The presented difference in approaches depends on the difference of ideological bases. Soviet science of religious studies which dominated in Ukraine for the decades and has still remained impact on the most part of scientific environment was built on Marxist atheism and considered religion not according to human interrelationships with the Highest Being, but as a result of social relationships. In other words religion is a social phenomenon for Marxist religious studies, namely social generated reality. In the West, where philosophy of religion has never been in service to totalitarian ideology, God has remained a subject of the discipline. Western philosophy of religion is close to theology owing to the subject of study which is also explores God. The difference between them is in the research method: philosophy of religion explores God via intelligence, and theology via revelation. Western challenges of philosophy of religion are to explore God via human intelligence. The European tradition endeavors to separate knowledge about God that can be explored by human mind from the knowledge which is presented to human via revelation.

The Warfare Between Science and Religion: The Idea That Wouldn't Die. Edited by: Jeff Hardin, Ronald L. Numbers, and Ronald A. Binzley. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018. viii + 355 pp. $39.95 paper.

The Warfare Between Science and Religion: The Idea That Wouldn't Die. Edited by: Jeff Hardin, Ronald L. Numbers, and Ronald A. Binzley. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2018. viii + 355 pp. $39.95 paper.

베이컨 시대의 종말? - 학문과 종교의 관계에 대해

베이컨 시대의 종말? - 학문과 종교의 관계에 대해

Book Review: Science and Theology

Book Review: Science and Theology

Andrew Steane, Science and Humanity: A Humane Philosophy of Science and Religion

Andrew Steane, <i>Science and Humanity: A Humane Philosophy of Science and Religion</i>