Background: The prevalence of obesity is rising rapidly in many low and middle income countries and is strongly linked to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and related health complications. Thus, this study aimed to see the association between adiposity indices and blood pressure using different markers of obesity among young adults. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, from June to August 2025. A total of 426 participants, aged 18 – 30 years were enrolled through convenience sampling. The height in meter, weight in Kg, hip circumference and waist circumference in centimeter were recorded for each participant than body adiposity index, body mass index, waist hip ratio and waist height ratio were calculated. Blood pressure was recorded by digital sphygmomanometer. Gender comparison was made and independent sample t-test, ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation analysis was used. Results: Out of total 426 participants, 174 were males and 252 were females. 24.71% males and 12.30% females were overweight/obese. Body adiposity index, hip circumference, waist circumference, waist to height ratio and waist to hip ratio were higher in males compared to females. Considering BMI, systolic and diastolic blood pressure tends to increase in overweight/obese participants but insignificant. Mean BAI was 22.00±6.14, whilst 29.17% had a body fat percentage in the overweight/obese category. Considering BAI, overweight/obese female had higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: Our findings concludes that overweight/obese females are more prone to develop hypertension in future.

BACKGROUND:Problem-based learning (PBL) as a teaching methodology not only increases students’ knowledge, but also fosters their critical thinking skills (CTS). We aimed to examine the impact of PBL regarding the enhancement of CTS, the acquisition of knowledge, and the perceptions of nursing students.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This quasi-experimental research was carried out in 2023 using a single-group pretest-posttest design. Individuals involved were 36 third-year bachelor of science nursing students from Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran, through census sapling. Experimental intervention was the practice of a problem-centered learning approach for ten classroom sessions. Data were gathered at baseline and subsequently after the intervention through valid and reliable questionnaires. Students’ perceptions of PBL experience (n = 10) were obtained through a focus group discussion (FGD). For quantitative data, frequency count, mean, and standard deviation were used for the description of variables. Also, two independent samples t, paired t, Mann–Whitney U, and Wilcoxon tests were employed for inferential statistics. Qualitative data were examined through content analysis according to Graneheim and Lundman.RESULTS:Quantitative analysis proved that there was a statistically meaningful difference in pre-test and post-test scores in relation to CTS (71.76 ± 7.80 vs. 130.35 ± 9.71), and knowledge acquisition (8.94 ± 2.06 vs. 12.25 ± 2.34), respectively. Also, the same statistically significant trend was observed between male and female participants (P = 0.001). Qualitative data revealed that PBL has an influence on student engagement, motivation, and feedback, and makes students active and lifelong learners.CONCLUSIONS:It was found that problem-based learning has significant positive effects on the critical thinking and knowledge acquisition of nursing students. Therefore, problem-based learning can be used in nursing education for effective and proper training.

Exploring the mediating role of academic self-efficacy between responsibility and academic success: a cross-sectional study at Sirjan school of medical sciences, Iran

Immediate implant placement can result in a horizontal defect between the implant and alveolar bone, potentially affecting osseointegration and esthetic outcomes. Grafting this space supports bone regeneration. This study compared the effectiveness of autogenous tooth-derived and autogenous bone grafts for horizontal gap augmentation in the maxillary anterior region. This parallel-arm randomized, single-masked clinical trial enrolled patients attending the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences School of Dentistry, who were candidates for immediate implant placement in the maxillary anterior region. After implant placement, the control sites (n=11) received autogenous bone grafts. In contrast, the intervention sites (n=11) received autogenous dentin grafts to fill the horizontal gap between the implant and the buccal wall (jumping gap). A connective tissue graft was subsequently placed in both groups to enhance buccal soft tissue. Buccal bone thickness (measured 2 mm and 5 mm below the marginal crest) and soft tissue thickness were measured at two points at the time of surgery and again six months postoperatively. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests to assess changes within each group and independent t-tests to compare differences between the two groups. Both groups showed significant increases in buccal bone and soft tissue thickness compared with baseline. At 2 mm below the marginal crest, buccal bone thickness did not differ significantly between the two groups (P=0.401). At 5 mm below the marginal crest, the autogenous bone graft group showed significantly greater bone thickness (2.15±0.21 mm) than the dentin graft group (1.50±0.53 mm, P=0.001). There was no significant difference in buccal soft tissue thickness changes between the bone graft (1.15±0.18 mm) and dentin graft (1.1±0.17 mm) groups. Both autogenous dentin and bone grafts effectively enhanced buccal bone and soft tissue thickness around immediate implants. Autogenous bone grafts produced significantly greater increases in buccal bone at 5 mm below the marginal crest. Trial Registration. Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20110726007128N11, Trial ID 86072.

Background: Critical thinking and problem-solving are essential competencies for medical sciences students, who frequently encounter complex clinical situations requiring accurate judgment and effective decisions. With the shift toward competency-based education, examining their relationship is crucial. This study investigated whether critical thinking predicts problem-solving ability among these students. Methods: In 2025, a cross-sectional study was conducted among 385 students of Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, southern Iran, selected via proportional stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the validated Persian versions of the California Critical Thinking Skills Test and the Problem-Solving Inventory. Analyses in SPSS v23 encompassed descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple linear regression, with significance set at P<0.05. Results: The mean scores for critical thinking and problem-solving were 18.74 (SD=4.91) and 112.47 (SD=18.36), respectively. Critical thinking showed a strong positive correlation with problem-solving ability (r=0.65, P<0.001). Regression analysis revealed that all five dimensions of critical thinking significantly predicted problem-solving, collectively explaining 35% of its variance (R²=0.35, F(6, 312)=28.67, P<0.001). Field-of-study comparisons indicated that students in medicine discipline achieved higher scores in both domains (P=0.013 for critical thinking; P=0.021 for problem-solving). Conclusion: This study highlights critical thinking as a key predictor of problem-solving skills in medical sciences students, with all dimensions contributing meaningfully. The results advocate for embedding targeted critical thinking training into medical curricula to strengthen students’ capacity for effective clinical decision-making, especially given the superior performance observed among medical students. However, as this was a cross-sectional study, causal interpretations should be made with caution.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Clinical Decision Support Systems ORADIII and ORAD DDx to Histopathological Diagnosis of Jaw Lesions

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine serum prolactin levels in patients with liver cirrhosis and evaluate its correlation with the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of General Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida. A total of 50 cirrhotic patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Each participant provided informed consent, followed by a detailed clinical assessment and biochemical tests. Results: The majority of patients fell within the 41–50 age group. Alcohol was identified as the most prevalent cause of cirrhosis, followed by Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). The mean prolactin levels observed for Child-Pugh grades A, B, and C were 25±2.83, 44.30±9.52, and 76.35±33.84 respectively. A statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) was found between prolactin levels and the Child-Pugh score (r=0.42, p=0.002), indicating that higher disease severity corresponded with elevated prolactin levels. Conclusion: Serum prolactin levels demonstrated a strong association with the Child-Pugh score, signifying their potential as an early marker for liver cirrhosis seveCirrhosis of liverrity and prognosis.

Introduction: Root canal treatment is a routine endodontic procedure that preserves teeth affected by pulpal or periapical disease. Assessing its prevalence and quality provides insight into patient needs and outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of root canal treatment among patients at a tertiary care dental center. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavre, Nepal. A total of 513 panoramic radiographs of adults (January 2022- January 2023) were reviewed. Data on number and distribution of root canal treated teeth, according to gender, age, jaw, tooth type, quality of obturation, and periapical pathology, were analyzed. Ethical approval was obtained. Results: A total of 387 root canal treated teeth were identified. Root canal treatment was slightly more common in females (51.3%) and most frequent in patients aged 20-30 years. Maxillary teeth accounted for 55.04% of treated teeth, with the maxillary first molar (14.99%) and central incisor (11.37%) being most common. In the mandible, the first molar (21.18%) was most frequently treated. While most obturations were adequate,underfilling (18.34%), overfilling (2.06%), and periapical radiolucency (10.07%) were observed. Conclusion: Root canal treatment was more common in younger individuals, predominantly involving molars. Although most treatments were of acceptable quality, deficiencies and periapical pathology were also noted which emphasizes the need for precise treatment and long-term follow-up

Introduction: While numerous studies have been conducted among high school students and orthodontic patients, limited research has evaluated knowledge, awareness, and attitude regarding orthodontic treatment among general patients seeking dental care. This study aimed to assess these factors among patients attending a tertiary care center. Objective: To assess knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward orthodontic treatment among patients visiting the tertiary care center. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 303 patients attending the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel Hospital. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with dichotomous (Yes/No) responses assessing knowledge, awareness, and attitude toward orthodontic treatment. Descriptive statistics, including frequency and percentage, were calculated, and Chi-square tests were applied to compare responses by gender. Result: Majority of patients demonstrated a good level of knowledge about orthodontics and the effects of malocclusion. However, their understanding of the causes of malocclusion like genetic factors and habits like thumb sucking, tongue thrusting, and mouth breathing was moderate. Additionally, most participants had limited awareness about the importance and use of retainers following orthodontic treatment. While significant number of patients were knowledgeable and aware of orthodontic care, only few were personally motivated to undergo the treatment. Conclusion: Although the findings were encouraging, indicating that patients had a good level of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards orthodontic treatment, there remains a need to enhance patient education on the importance of retainers and to improve motivation for undergoing orthodontic treatment.

Sociodemographic heterogeneity in the association between social isolation and all-cause mortality among Japanese older adults: JAGES longitudinal panel study

Online teaching, learning and assessment have become the new norms in higher education institutions, including medical schools. With the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical schools worldwide have been compelled to adopt the online mode of curriculum delivery for their students. This research aims to explore the perceptions of medical students in terms of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and acceptance of online assessments using a secure open-source Moodle platform at the School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. The mixed-method design was used in this study. Furthermore, data were collected from medical students across year 1, year 2 and year 4. We utilised Google Forms to collect the data. Demographic and quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 27, whereas qualitative data were analysed using ATLAS.ti version 9. Our study has found that the items for perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and acceptance have a mean score of more than 4.00 (positive areas) except for one item, which is “I prefer online assessment compared to paper-based assessment” with a mean score of 3.78. No item had a mean score below 3.00 (areas of concern). For the qualitative data, the total number of codes generated was 336. Eight subthemes emerged from the advantages theme, 11 from the disadvantages theme, and 11 from the suggestions theme. In conclusion, online assessment using Moodle is perceived as a feasible and acceptable replacement for traditional face-to-face assessments, especially for theory assessment. However, a few disadvantages may compromise the validity and reliability of the assessment. Thus, medical schools must try their best to address these issues to minimise the negative aspects of online assessment.

Teaching and assessing professional values for medical students is not a straightforward task. Long talks about ethical values that do not always translate into adequate practice. One improved way to instil and assess professional values in medical students is by using the Simplified Thematic Engagement of Professionalism Scale (STEPS), as practised in the School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). Lecturers and health professionals assess students through multiple short encounter assessments, capturing “snapshots” of professional experiences that can result in a comprehensive and reliable professionalism assessment. In this article, we suggest a slight modification of the concept: students are asked to reflect on each of the professional values listed in the STEPS and allocate marks for themselves. Then, they justify their best and worst marks by sharing the experiences that led to these marks with their mentoring lecturer(s). At the end of the posting, the mentoring lecturer(s) can, as such, come up with a reliable overall mark, based on the students’ experiences and progress.

ABSTRACT This study examined the association between anxiety, perceived stress, and functional gastrointestinal symptoms in medical students. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 224 students from the School of Medical Sciences at the National University of Asunción, Paraguay. Standardized instruments were used to assess anxiety symptoms, stress levels, and the presence of functional gastrointestinal symptoms based on adapted Rome IV criteria. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate comparisons, correlation analyses, and logistic regression modeling. Results showed that 79.0% of students reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms, 31.7% presented high levels of perceived stress, and 66.1% had clinically relevant gastrointestinal symptoms. Female students scored significantly higher across all three clinical variables. In addition, perceived stress and gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with a family history of digestive disorders. Stress levels varied by academic year, with third- and sixth-year students reporting the highest scores. A strong positive correlation was found between anxiety and stress (rho = 0.649, p < 0.001), while weaker but significant correlations emerged between these emotional variables and gastrointestinal symptoms. Notably, 87.5% of students attributed their gastrointestinal discomfort to psychological causes such as stress or anxiety, suggesting a high level of insight. These findings underscore the clinical relevance of the gut – brain axis and support the need for integrated biopsychosocial approaches in university health programs. Promoting emotional regulation and early identification of stress-related symptoms may improve students’ psychological well-being and contribute to the development of healthier, more resilient future health professionals.

Introduction: Coronary artery disease is one of the most common heart problems and a major cause of illness and death around the world. It occurs when the coronary arteries become narrower due to atherosclerosis. Risk factors contributing to atherosclerosis include high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, high cholesterol, being overweight, and physical inactivity. Coronary angiography is a highly effective method for diagnosing coronary disease. Having more than one cardiovascular risk factor at the same time has been linked to more serious and widespread forms of coronary artery disease. Aims: To correlate coronary angiographic findings of coronary artery disease with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 170 patients who had undergone coronary angiograms in a Semi-urban tertiary care center. Participants were enrolled prospectively after taking ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences. Various risk factors and coronary angiogram findings were noted. Data were collected in Microsoft Excel and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the patients in the study was 60.81±10.70 years, and 35.88% of them were female. The most prevalent risk factor for coronary artery disease was hypertension (73.53%), and the most common symptom was chest pain, seen in 83.50% of cases. ECG changes were seen in 87.65%, and 69.41% of cases had coronary artery disease findings on coronary angiogram. The most common coronary angiogram finding was single-vessel disease, seen in 28.24% of cases. Significant CAD findings correlated well with hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and dyslipidemia, but no correlation was found with obesity and family history of CAD. The risk of having multivessel disease was higher among those who had multiple risk factors. Conclusion: This study highlights hypertension as a key modifiable risk factor for CAD. The risk of significant CAD increases in the presence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, and the risk of having multivessel disease, i.e., diffuse disease or significant disease burden, is high in the presence of multiple risk factors as compared to single risk factors.

Background: Sleep disorders are a common occurrence in children, adolescents and can present in a myriad of ways. According to a various studies conducted on sleep disorders, sleep problems were present in 34% - 59% of the participants. The average sleep requirement of a child ranges from 16 to 18 hours during the first year of life and gradually decreases to 10 hours per night during childhood and adolescence. Sleep problems during infancy and early childhood are uncommonly recognized in pediatric practice, hence diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders are challenging.Sleep disorders are indirectly represented and are associated with complaints related to the initiation and maintenance of sleep, bed wetting, sleep talking, sleepwalking, teeth grinding, and night terrors. Polysomnography study is gold standard technique to diagnose sleep disorders, however it is not feasible to use polysomnography study at a community level. To diagnose sleep disorders at a community level sleep questionnaires can be used, these questionnaires have been validated by the use of polysomnography studies, with the help of such questionnaires, it is feasible to identify sleep disorders at a community level. Method: Pediatrics Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was used in this study to diagnose sleep disorders. This Questionnaire, contains 31 questions, was translated and utilized in this study. Questions were put to the parents. Questions answered by the parents which reflected the condition of the child vis a vis the presence of sleep disorders if any before the child’s current illness for which he/she had reported to the OPD. Questions 1–23 are composed of items related to snoring, sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD), daytime sleepiness, and daytime behaviour problems. These questions consist of items that were proven to be valid by conducting surveys on patients with sleep breathing disorders with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 5 or greater in polysomnography studies as defined in the study by Chervin et al where a sleep disorder was diagnosed in children older than 2 years of age. The sensitivity was 0.81 and the specificity was 0.87 when diagnosing sleep disorder using this questionnaire. Among those in the validation study, 85% of patient’s diagnosed using polysomnography were diagnosed with sleep disorder. Patients who answered with ‘Yes’ to more than eight of questions 1–23, they were classified as suffering from generalised sleep disorder. Patients who answered with ‘Yes’ to questions 24, 25 or 26 or two of questions 26–31 was indicative of specific sleep disorders, namely, sleepwalking, bruxism, night terrors or insomnia respectively. We followed the same questionnaire of utilising the 31 questions to diagnose a sleep disorder. Additional information was asked to assess and identify the risk factors associated with sleep disorders. To identify and assess the risk factors for sleep disorders questions pertaining to the environment mentioned in the pro forma were asked. Result: The study was conducted in School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida. This study analyzed 345 participants, with a mean age of 8.12±2.73 years. The gender distribution showed a predominance of males (63.2%) over females (36.8%). In this study majority had subjects had 1-2 hours of screen time daily (63.5%), while a small proportion (8.2%) had 4+ hours of screen exposure. Most children engaged in the study had 1-2 hours of physical activity (80%), where as only 7.5% had less than 1 hour of activity. Generalized Sleep Disorder (26.7%) was the most common type of sleep disorder seen in this study where as Sleep Walking (4.9%) was the least common type of sleep disorder, Bruxism was seen in 12.2% of the subjects and Night Terror in 9.3% of the subjects. Obesity significantly increased the risk of generalized sleep disorder (OR = 11.3, p &lt; 0.001). Higher screen time (≥3 hours) was strongly associated with sleep disorders (OR = 22.73, p &lt; 0.001). Increased physical activity (&gt;2 hours/day) was protective against sleep disorders (p &lt; 0.001). The study highlights a strong correlation between high screen time, obesity, and sleep disturbances, while higher physical activity appears to be a protective factor against sleep disorders. Conclusion: This study reveals that there is a high frequency of sleep disorders in children age 4 to 18 years. This requires further research as the presence of sleep disorders not only effects the body’s physical growth but it also affects the psychological development of the body. Sleep disorders In children should not be ignored and must be kept as a top health priority of the growing age group

ABSTRACTBackground:Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) poses significant challenges not only to affected children but also to their families, particularly parents. The impact of ASD on parents’ psychological, emotional, and social well-being can lead to increased stress and reduced quality of life.Method:This hospital-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted over six months (January to June 2024) at the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Greater Noida. Ethical clearance was obtained, and informed consent was acquired from parents of children diagnosed with ASD visiting the Pediatrics Outpatient Department.Result:Among the participants, a majority were female (56.0%), with most parents aged 31-40 years (65.5%). Many parents reported inadequate support, with 31.5% feeling they received “a little” support. Satisfaction rates varied: 45.5% were satisfied with sleep, and 46.0% with daily living activities. Notably, 32.5% of respondents experienced negative feelings “very often.”Conclusion:Parents of children with ASD face diverse challenges, including inadequate support and emotional distress. The findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and support programs to enhance their quality of life.

Introduction: Public stigma involves negative stereotypes of dementia patients as burdensome, leading to social distancing, while self-stigma refers to individuals with dementia internalizing these views, affecting their mental well-being. Structural stigma encompasses systemic barriers, including insufficient healthcare policies and resources. The role of medical students in shaping attitudes toward dementia is noteworthy, as they may hold negative perceptions that can impact the quality of patient care. Objective: To assess attitudes and stigma about dementia among medical and environmental health students at the State University of Zanzibar. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to assess dementia-related attitudes and stigma among Medical and Environmental Health Students. Results: The sample size was 150 students, 100% responded to the questionnaire. (e.g., 76.7% would live with a family member with dementia and 86.0% disagreed with feeling ashamed if a family member had dementia.). A significant proportion exhibited high levels of stigma (Notably, 64.7% strongly agreed they would not want their family to know if they had dementia), particularly regarding social distancing and family shame. Discussion: Most students demonstrated positive attitudes overall, but a significant proportion exhibited high levels of stigma. Approximately 80% of students are not afraid to engage in conversations with someone who has dementia. There was a discrepancy between positive attitudes and harmful societal behaviours, such as avoidance and isolation. Conclusion: The majority of participants in this study displayed a positive attitude toward dementia. However, some negative attitudes, including discrimination and social isolation, remain prevalent. These attitudes, such as avoidance, may hinder early diagnosis and impede access to adequate treatment for individuals with dementia. The findings highlight a notable presence of stigma: many students indicated they would prefer that their family did not know if they had dementia, even as an important subgroup is upset with the idea that time spent with dementia.

Introduction: Niigata University School of Medicine and Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences have been engaging in medical exchanges with Russian medical universities for over 30 years. In 2015, a double-degree program with Russian medical universities was initiated, leading to a multi-layered education project that included short-term undergraduate student exchange programs and graduate-level double-degree programs, resulting in the circulation of human resources. Methods: The program was conducted in English, and a maximum of 15 credits could be transferred based on the universities' regulations. Degree examinations were conducted independently, and successful candidates were awarded degrees from both Niigata University and their home university in Russia. The project was overseen by the G-MedEx Centre at Niigata University, which included staff with international experience. Results: The difference in standard study duration between Japan and Russia was eliminated by using a four-year system in the graduate school doctoral programs. Three study models were proposed by Russian universities, considering each university's regulations and various circumstances. The curriculum was determined based on the rules of the universities in Russia and the circumstances of the students. Agreements were made with each university in supplementary documents. Conclusion: Despite the differences in educational standards and the lack of a common educational framework between Japan and Russia, the difficulties can be overcome, and educational compatibility can be increased.

This investigation evaluates the perceptions of medical students from the Multicampi School of Medical Sciences of Rio Grande do Norte (EMCM/UFRN/Brazil) concerning the integration of innovative technologies into medical practice. This study addresses a significant gap in existing literature regarding the educational preparedness of future medical professionals. Diverging from previous research that predominantly underscored technical and clinical dimensions, this study prioritizes comprehending students' attitudes towards embedding these technologies within both their educational framework and clinical practice. Adopting a descriptive and exploratory methodology, interviews were conducted with 83 students slated for enrollment in 2024. The findings disclose that 63.8% of the students consider their knowledge of innovative technologies as limited. Meanwhile, 92.8% of the students acknowledge the considerable potential of these tools in enhancing the quality of medical care. Technologies identified as especially promising include artificial intelligence (79.5%), augmented reality (59%), and telemedicine (56.6%). However, ethical and privacy concerns emerged as prevalent issues, cited by 68.3% of participants, alongside apprehensions regarding the potential diminishment of health professionals' roles (54.9%). Moreover, 77.1% of participants highlighted the prohibitive costs associated with these technologies as a significant impediment, whereas 54.2% identified insufficient training as a barrier to their adoption. In conclusion, the study underscores that despite favorable perceptions, there exists an imperative to enhance medical curricula by incorporating modules dedicated to emerging technologies.

The medical sector in the society and its significant role of job satisfaction will improve the health workforce performance. Presently staffs/workforce management in medical colleges became more challenges. The purpose of the study was to investigate the level of job satisfaction and associated factors in medical colleges of Nepal. The study employed descriptive, cross-sectional study with the relevant respondents' such as doctors, nurses and administrative staffs working in different medical colleges of Nepal. The study was conducted within the affiliated college of Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS). Simple random sampling method was used to select respondents. A total sample size of 108 for quantitative and 18 for qualitative was collected, using the formula from Charan and Biswas, 2013. For qualitative study, we used purposive convenience sampling strategy to enroll the health workers for key informant interview to gather data on job satisfaction, impression and experience about their job. 34.3% of the respondents, we surveyed were not satisfied with their job while 65.7% were satisfied with their current job. It has also been discovered that the delivery of high-quality health care depends on the level of job satisfaction with the healthcare organization. There was a significant relationship between job satisfaction of health workforce and its' associated factors in medical college of Nepal. A focus on improving work environment through increased financial motivation and career development opportunities as well as investing in health insurance for diseases with increased resources support is recommended to improve job satisfaction.